Clopidogrel reduces lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation and neutrophil‐platelet aggregates in an experimental endotoxemic model

Platelet activation contributes to organs failure in inflammation and plays an important role in endotoxemia. Clopidogrel inhibits platelet aggregation and activation. However, the role of clopidogrel in modulating inflammatory progression of endotoxemia remains largely unexplored. Therefore, we investigated the role of clopidogrel on the activation of platelet and leukocytes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammation in mice. Animals were treated with clopidogrel or vehicle before LPS induction. The expression of neutrophil‐platelet aggregates and platelet activation and tissue factor was determined. Immunofluorescence was used to analyze platelet‐leukocyte interactions and tissue factor (TF) expression on leukocytes. Clopidogrel pretreatment markedly decreased lung damage, inhibited platelet‐neutrophil aggregates and TF expression. In addition, clopidogrel reduced thrombocytopenia and affected the number of circulating white blood cell in endotoxemia mice. Moreover, clopidogrel also reduced platelet shedding of CD40L and CD62P in endotoxemic mice. Taken together, clopidogrel played an important role through reducing platelet activation and inflammatory process in endotoxemia.     

缙云山马尾松种群生物量生殖配置研究

 对缙云山亚热带常绿阔叶林不同演替阶段马尾松(Pinus massoniana)种群生殖器官的生物量配置进行了系统研究。结果显示从蕾期、花期到果熟期,马尾松种群生殖器官的生物量配置逐渐增加,但不同演替阶段的生殖配置格局各异。马尾松纯林各生殖阶段的生殖配置分别为1.31％,7.61％,23.25％;针阔混交林各生殖阶段的生殖配置分别为0.6％,3.29％,15.14％;林缘旷地各生殖阶段的生殖配置分别为0.76％,3.78％,18.44％。一年中缙云山马尾松种群的生殖配置动态变化呈现低一渐高一高一低的规律性。缙云山马尾松种群的生殖年龄大致可分为4个时期,即幼龄生殖期、过渡生殖期、稳定生殖期和衰退生殖期。种群密度和群落透光度与其生殖配置显著相关。     

Vitamin E Status of Healthy Swedish Cattle*

Using high pressure liquid chromatography the serum concentration of vitamin E was measured in dairy cows fed either hay or silage as their main roughage, in calves fed milk-replacer, and in young intensively fed bulls. The concentrates fed to the cows, calves and bulls were supplemented with 5–10, 25 and 5–10 mg DL-α-tocopheryl acetate per kg, respectively, and the milk-replacer for the calves was supplemented with 50 mg DL-α-tooopheryl acetate per kg powder. Cows fed silage as their main roughage had higher serum vitamin E concentrations ( $${\rm{\bar x}}$$ : 3.8–5.2 mg/l) than cows fed only hay ( $${\rm{\bar x}}$$ : 2.5–4.1 mg/1). Lactating cows had higher vitamin E concentrations than dry cows ( $${\rm{\bar x}}$$ : 4.1–5.2 and 2.5–3.8 mg/l, respectively) and calves and bulls had much lower vitamin E concentrations ( $${\rm{\bar x}}$$ : 1.4 and 1.2 mg/l, respectively) than cows. Thirty per cent of the calves and 41 % of the bulls had serum vitamin E concentrations less than 1.0 mg/l, suggesting that in these animals the conventional level of supplementation of feeds with DL-α-tocopheryl acetate in Sweden is probably inadequate for the prevention of nutritional muscular degeneration and other negative effects.     

Structural insights into dehydratase substrate selection for the borrelidin and fluvirucin polyketide synthases

Engineered polyketide synthases (PKSs) are promising synthetic biology platforms for the production of chemicals with diverse applications. The dehydratase (DH) domain within modular type I PKSs generates an α,β-unsaturated bond in nascent polyketide intermediates through a dehydration reaction. Several crystal structures of DH domains have been solved, providing important structural insights into substrate selection and dehydration. Here, we present two DH domain structures from two chemically diverse PKSs. The first DH domain, isolated from the third module in the borrelidin PKS, is specific towards a trans-cyclopentane-carboxylate-containing polyketide substrate. The second DH domain, isolated from the first module in the fluvirucin B₁ PKS, accepts an amide-containing polyketide intermediate. Sequence-structure analysis of these domains, in addition to previously published DH structures, display many significant similarities and key differences pertaining to substrate selection. The two major differences between BorA DH M3, FluA DH M1 and other DH domains are found in regions of unmodeled residues or residues containing high B-factors. These two regions are located between α3–β11 and β7–α2. From the catalytic Asp located in α3 to a conserved Pro in β11, the residues between them form part of the bottom of the substrate-binding cavity responsible for binding to acyl-ACP intermediates.

     

RORα高表达对二烯丙基二硫抑制人胃癌细胞增殖与迁移侵袭的影响

目的观察高表达RORα对二烯丙基二硫(DADS)抑制人胃癌MGC803细胞增殖、迁移与侵袭的影响。方法集落形成实验与流式细胞术检测细胞增殖与细胞周期;细胞划痕和Transwell实验分别检测细胞迁移与侵袭。RT-PCR与Western blot分别检测RORα、MMP-9和TIMP3 mRNA与蛋白表达水平。结果RT-PCR与Western blot检测显示,RORα高表达与DADS处理较对照组与空载体组RORαmRNA与蛋白表达明显上调,DADS+RORα高表达组上调更为显著(P<0.05)。与对照组和空载体组比较,RORα高表达与DADS处理组MMP-9表达下调,TIMP3表达上调,DADS+RORα高表达组改变最为显著。集落形成实验显示,RORα高表达与DADS处理组较对照组与空载体组的集落形成率明显降低。流式细胞术显示,与对照组和空载体组比较,RORα高表达与DADS处理组G2/M期细胞比率明显升高。细胞划痕和Transwell实验显示,RORα高表达与DADS处理组细胞迁移与侵袭能力明显降低。结论RORα高表达可通过上调TIMP3与下调MMP-9促进DADS阻滞MGC803细胞G2/M期和抑制增殖与迁移侵袭。     

甜瓜果实糖含量相关性状QTL分析

以高糖栽培亲本自交系‘0246’为母本,低糖野生亲本自交系‘Y101’为父本,通过杂交得到了含135个单株的甜瓜远缘F2群体,分别测定甜瓜果实果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量,将三者之和作为总糖含量,进行遗传连锁图谱构建及QTL分析。结果表明:(1)构建的甜瓜果实遗传图谱包含14个连锁群,覆盖基因组长度726.30cM,标记间平均距离为12.74cM。(2)检测到与总糖含量和果糖含量相关的QTL位点各1个,分别命名为Ts3.1和Fru4.1,贡献率分别为14.89%和13.02%,分布于第3、4连锁群,LOD值分别为3.60和3.10。2个QTL位点均为正向加性遗传,分别对增加总糖和果糖含量表现为增效累加效应。研究结果为开展甜瓜糖含量相关基因精细定位和克隆研究奠定了基础。     

17-AAG对大鼠颈总动脉球囊损伤后内膜增生的影响及其作用机制

目的:研究17-丙烯胺-17去甲氧格尔德霉素(17-Allylamino-17-emethoxy-geldanamycin, 17-AAG)对球囊损伤后大鼠颈总动脉内膜增生的影响及可能作用机制。方法:将清洁级雄性SD大鼠36只按照随机数字法分为假手术组(Sham组)12只、球囊损伤组(Balloon injury, BI组)12只及17-AAG治疗组(17-AAG组)12只。采用2F Fogarty球囊建立大鼠颈总动脉球囊损伤组模型,17-AAG治疗组大鼠在建模后腹腔注射17-AGG(20 mg/kg 2d)。各组大鼠于球囊损伤3周后取损伤段颈总动脉,通过HE染色观察血管内膜形态学改变并评估内膜增生情况,免疫组化染色(Immunohistochemical staining,IHS)法检测血管壁增殖细胞核抗原(Proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)的表达,评估血管平滑肌细胞的增殖情况。流式细胞术检测血管平滑肌细胞的凋亡情况。结果:BI组、17-AAG组大鼠球囊损伤后颈总动脉内膜出现不同程度增生,内膜/中膜面积比(Intima area/Membrane area,I/M)均较Sham组显著升高(P0.05);17-AAG组的I/M较BI组明显下降(P0.05)。BI组、17-AAG组颈总动脉PCNA表达水平较Sham组明显升高(P0.05),较BI组显著降低(P0.05)。BI组、17-AAG组大鼠血管平滑肌细胞凋亡率较Sham组显著升高(P0.05);17-AAG组大鼠血管平滑肌细胞凋亡程度较BI组明显升高(P0.05)。结论:17-AAG对球囊损伤后颈总动脉内膜增生存在抑制作用,其机制可能是通过提高血管平滑肌细胞凋亡率影响其增殖程度。     

利用黑斑双鳍电鳐构建实验性自身免疫性重症肌无力小鼠模型

目的建立符合国际化的临床前实验标准的实验性自身免疫性重症肌无力(experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis, EAMG)动物模型。方法参照文献报道的方法并改进后,从电鳐电器官提取乙酰胆碱受体(acetylcholine receptor,AchR)蛋白纯品,并采用SDS凝胶电泳蛋白定性鉴定及BCA法蛋白定量;用纯化的蛋白主动免疫C57BL/6小鼠,共免疫3次(分别于第1天、第30天、第60天),进行EAMG小鼠临床评分、体重、血清AchR抗体含量、新斯的明试验、肌电图等综合评价。结果 EAMG模型组与佐剂组比较,自第三周开始发病,平均临床评分显著上升(P<0.01);发病小鼠体重显著减轻(P<0.01);新斯的明试验阳性;血清AchR抗体含量明显增加(P<0.01);肌电图重复电刺激实验阳性。结论从黑斑双鳍电鳐的电器官提取、纯化AchR蛋白成功诱导C57BL/6 EAMG小鼠模型,为进一步研究重症肌无力创造了良好条件。