Genetic map of Triticum turgidum based on a hexaploid wheat population without genetic recombination for D genome

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: A synthetic doubled-haploid hexaploid wheat population, SynDH1, derived from the spontaneous chromosome doubling of triploid F1 hybrid plants obtained from the cross of hybrids Triticum turgidum ssp. durum line Langdon (LDN) and ssp. turgidum line AS313, with Aegilops tauschii ssp. tauschii accession AS60, was previously constructed. SynDH1 is a tetraploidization-hexaploid doubled haploid (DH) population because it contains recombinant A and B chromosomes from two different T. turgidum genotypes, while all the D chromosomes from Ae. tauschii are homogenous across the whole population. This paper reports the construction of a genetic map using this population. RESULTS: Of the 606 markers used to assemble the genetic map, 588 (97%) were assigned to linkage groups. These included 513 Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) markers, 72 simple sequence repeat (SSR), one insertion site-based polymorphism (ISBP), and two high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) markers. These markers were assigned to the 14 chromosomes, covering 2048.79 cM, with a mean distance of 3.48 cM between adjacent markers. This map showed good coverage of the A and B genome chromosomes, apart from 3A, 5A, 6A, and 4B. Compared with previously reported maps, most shared markers showed highly consistent orders. This map was successfully used to identify five quantitative trait loci (QTL), including two for spikelet number on chromosomes 7A and 5B, two for spike length on 7A and 3B, and one for 1000-grain weight on 4B. However, differences in crossability QTL between the two T. turgidum parents may explain the segregation distortion regions on chromosomes 1A, 3B, and 6B. CONCLUSIONS: A genetic map of T. turgidum including 588 markers was constructed using a synthetic doubled haploid (SynDH) hexaploid wheat population. Five QTLs for three agronomic traits were identified from this population. However, more markers are needed to increase the density and resolution of this map in the future study.     

人血小板因子4在大肠杆菌中的高效表达及活性研究

为了提高人血小板因子 4(humanplateletfactor 4,hPF4)的表达 ,在PT7 7 hPF4表达质粒的基础上 ,采用PCR定位突变技术 ,改造人血小板因子 4(hPF4)cDNA基因片段 ,去除cDNA 3′端非翻译区AT富含序列 ,改用大肠杆菌强串联终止密码子TAATAA ,成功构建了高效表达质粒pBV2 2 0 hPF4。摇瓶发酵重组人血小板因子 4的产量达 1 60mg L较原表达质粒PT7 7 hPF4表达量提高了近 80倍。经包涵体的洗涤、变性、复性后 ,采用鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管生成抑制实验测定复性后rhPF4的生物学活性 ,结果显示 :rhPF4具有抑制血管生成活性。     

粪便微生物宏基因组来源的热稳定性邻苯二酚1,2-双加氧酶异源表达及酶学性质

【目的】克隆倭蜂猴粪便微生物宏基因组的邻苯二酚1,2-双加氧酶基因cat PLCgl,并对该酶进行异源表达及酶学特性研究。【方法】利用宏基因组高通量测序技术获得cat PLCgl,并对其氨基酸序列进行分析。将cat PLCgl重组到载体p EASY-E2中并转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中异源表达,研究其酶学性质。【结果】cat PLCgl全长852 bp,G+C含量48%,编码283个氨基酸,理论分子量为33.56 k D。重组Cat PLCgl酶学性质分析显示最适作用p H为7.0,其中在p H 7.0–10.0范围内处理1 h后,酶活剩余90%以上;最适作用温度为40°C,在25°C和40°C条件下稳定性较好,耐受210 h酶活性几乎不变。重组酶在最适条件下的动力学参数K_m、V_(max)和k_(cat)分别为24.9μmol/L、8.3 mmol/(min·g)和13.7 s~(-1);Fe~(2+)、Hg~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Triton X-100、SDS、Ag+强烈抑制该酶活性,而其它金属离子及有机试剂影响较小。【结论】从倭蜂猴粪便微生物宏基因组中克隆得到邻苯二酚1,2-双加氧酶基因cat PLCgl,并对重组Cat PLCgl酶学性质进行研究,该酶具有较好的热稳定性和耐碱性,在降解环境中的邻苯二酚和生产顺,顺-己二烯二酸方面具有应用潜力。     

中国外来陆生草本植物: 多样性和生态学特性

构建包含基本生物学和生态学信息的外来物种数据库不仅对理解生物入侵分布格局至关重要, 同时也是制定外来种管理策略和解释生物入侵过程的重要一步。作者在前人研究的基础上构建了中国外来陆生草本植物数据库, 共收集到中国外来陆生草本植物800种, 分属37目72科; 其中约有60%集中在菊科、豆科、仙人掌科、禾本科、十字花科等10个优势科。中国外来陆生草本植物主要来源于美洲(407种, 占总数的47%), 主要分布在南亚热带—热带区(46%, 密度为4种/10⁴km²), 其次为温带湿润区(26%, 密度约2种/10⁴km²)和亚热带区(23%, 密度约2种/10⁴km²), 旱—寒区(5%, 密度小于1种/10⁴km²)分布较少。从生活型上看, 以多年生 (293种, 40%)和一年生 (272种, 37%)为主; 而从生境类型来看, 约有一半(46%)分布于“高养分高干扰”类型的生境。约有80%的物种属有意引入, 因此有意引入是陆生外来草本植物进入中国的主要途径。近2个世纪来, 外来陆生草本植物进入中国的速度快速增加, 约90%的物种在这个时期进入; 而近半个世纪以来, 外来陆生草本植物进入中国的速度快速增长, 约60%的物种在这个时期进入中国。本文所提供的中国外来陆生草本植物的生物学和生态学特征, 可以为管理层制定外来种相关管理和控制策略提供参考信息。     

内蒙古半干旱生态脆弱矿区生态修复耦合机理与产业模式

近年,煤炭开采带动矿区经济发展的同时也造成了严重的生态环境问题。由此产生生态修复和土地复垦产业延伸的生态环境治理和矿区产业调整优化方面研究热点,二者形成的耦合系统可在恢复受损土地的同时,以治理和循环生产为契机延伸产业链。受损地形重塑及边开采边恢复技术开发及应用形成安全稳定地形条件是前提,其次是土壤的恢复重构,在当地条件下迅速恢复具备良好理化性质,供植被和经济能源作物生长和景观格局构建,最终形成修复产业和生态产业的价值创造平台。根据耦合系统的工艺特点,每年内蒙矿区利用该耦合系统以矿区受损土地修复进行循环生产生态修复产品的潜力约21915.51万吨和经济能源作物的潜力约21.15万t。     

Functional expression of human pyruvate carboxylase for reduced lactic acid formation of Chinese hamster ovary cells (DG44)

To investigate the effect of human pyruvate carboxylase (hPC) on lactate formation in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines, FLAG-tagged hPC was introduced into a dihydrofolate-deficient CHO cell line (DG44). Three clones expressing high levels of hPC, determined by Western blotting using an anti-FLAG monoclonal antibody, and a control cell line were established. Immunocytochemistry revealed that a substantial amount of expressed hPC protein was localized in the mitochondria of the cells. hPC expression did not impair cell proliferation. Rather, it improved cell viability at the end of adherent batch cultures with the serum-containing medium probably because of reduced lactate formation. Compared with control cells, specific lactate production rate of the three clones was decreased by 21–39%, which was because of a decreased specific glucose uptake rate and yield of lactate from glucose. Reduced lactate formation by hPC expression was also observed in suspension fed-batch cultures using a serum-free medium. Taken together, these results demonstrate that through the expression of the hPC enzyme, lactate formation in CHO cell culture can be efficiently reduced.     

Enzyme Thermistor Analysis of Penicillin in Standard Solutions and in Fermentation Broth

Immobilized penicillinase was applied in an enzyme thermistor for calorimetric analysis of samples containing penicillin G. Standard solutions as well as extracts from fermentation broth were analyzed. The enzyme was applied bound either to porous glass or, when dealing with crude preparations, to the inner surface of nylon tubing. In the fermentation system studied, high concentrations of penicillin were present, thus allowing dilution to reduce the influence of the composition of the medium on the analysis. The useful linear concentration range was from 0.1 to 100 mM. The coefficient of correlation between analytical results obtained with the present method and those from conventional assays was 0.997.     

一种高效的酵母菌培养基的设计

为了设计一种高效酵母菌培养基,以便在需要酵母菌快速生长繁殖时,使用该类培养基,在较短时间内获得大量酵母菌,分别以LB培养基、麦氏培养基作为最基本的培养基加入一定量的大豆提取物,配制成为一定浓度的培养基,并用于酵母菌的培养。根据酵母菌的生长情况,判定大豆提取物对酵母菌的生长繁殖是否有促进作用。实验证明,大豆提取物对酵母菌生长繁殖具有明显的促进作用,尤其是浓度为6％时作用最明显。结果表明,采用LB或麦氏培养基加入6％的大豆提取物对酵母菌的生长促进作用最佳,是一种高效的酵母菌培养基。