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101.
102.
Hilde Nelissen Dominique Eeckhout Kirin Demuynck Geert Persiau Alan Walton Michiel van Bel Marieke Vervoort Jasper Candaele Jolien De Block Stijn Aesaert Mieke Van Lijsebettens Sofie Goormachtig Klaas Vandepoele Jelle Van Leene Michael Muszynski Kris Gevaert Dirk Inzé Geert De Jaeger 《The Plant cell》2015,27(6):1605-1619
Most molecular processes during plant development occur with a particular spatio-temporal specificity. Thus far, it has remained technically challenging to capture dynamic protein-protein interactions within a growing organ, where the interplay between cell division and cell expansion is instrumental. Here, we combined high-resolution sampling of the growing maize (Zea mays) leaf with tandem affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry. Our results indicate that the growth-regulating SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex associated with ANGUSTIFOLIA3 (AN3) was conserved within growing organs and between dicots and monocots. Moreover, we were able to demonstrate the dynamics of the AN3-interacting proteins within the growing leaf, since copurified GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORs (GRFs) varied throughout the growing leaf. Indeed, GRF1, GRF6, GRF7, GRF12, GRF15, and GRF17 were significantly enriched in the division zone of the growing leaf, while GRF4 and GRF10 levels were comparable between division zone and expansion zone in the growing leaf. These dynamics were also reflected at the mRNA and protein levels, indicating tight developmental regulation of the AN3-associated chromatin remodeling complex. In addition, the phenotypes of maize plants overexpressing miRNA396a-resistant GRF1 support a model proposing that distinct associations of the chromatin remodeling complex with specific GRFs tightly regulate the transition between cell division and cell expansion. Together, our data demonstrate that advancing from static to dynamic protein-protein interaction analysis in a growing organ adds insights in how developmental switches are regulated. 相似文献
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104.
C. Block B. Van Praet T. Windels I. Vermeulen G. Dangreau A. Overmeire E. D’Hooge T. Maes G. Van Eetvelde C. Vandecasteele 《Journal of Industrial Ecology》2011,15(4):584-596
The industrial park of Herdersbrug (Brugge, Flanders, Belgium) comprises 92 small and medium‐sized enterprises, a waste‐to‐energy incinerator, and a power plant (not included in the study) on its site. To study the carbon dioxide (CO2) neutrality of the park, we made a park‐wide inventory for 2007 of the CO2 emissions due to energy consumption (electricity and fossil fuel) and waste incineration, as well as an inventory of the existing renewable electricity and heat generation. The definition of CO2 neutrality in Flanders only considers CO2 released as a consequence of consumption or generation of electricity, not the CO2 emitted when fossil fuel is consumed for heat generation. To further decrease or avoid CO2 emissions, we project and evaluate measures to increase renewable energy generation. The 21 kilotons (kt) of CO2 emitted due to electricity consumption are more than compensated by the 25 kt of CO2 avoided by generation of renewable electricity. Herdersbrug Industrial Park is thus CO2 neutral, according to the definition of the Flemish government. Only a small fraction (6.6%) of the CO2 emitted as a consequence of fossil fuel consumption (heat generation) and waste incineration is compensated by existing and projected measures for renewable heat generation. Of the total CO2 emission (149 kt) due to energy consumption (electricity + heat generation) and waste incineration on the Herdersbrug Industrial Park in 2007, 70.5% is compensated by existing and projected renewable energy generated in the park. Forty‐seven percent of the yearly avoided CO2 corresponds to renewable energy generated from waste incineration and biomass fermentation. 相似文献
105.
Chronic apocynin treatment attenuates beta amyloid plaque size and microglial number in hAPP(751)(SL) mice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Background
NADPH oxidase is implicated in neurotoxic microglial activation and the progressive nature of Alzheimer''s Disease (AD). Here, we test the ability of two NADPH oxidase inhibitors, apocynin and dextromethorphan (DM), to reduce learning deficits and neuropathology in transgenic mice overexpressing human amyloid precursor protein with the Swedish and London mutations (hAPP(751)SL).Methods
Four month old hAPP(751)SL mice were treated daily with saline, 15 mg/kg DM, 7.5 mg/kg DM, or 10 mg/kg apocynin by gavage for four months.Results
Only hAPP(751)SL mice treated with apocynin showed reduced plaque size and a reduction in the number of cortical microglia, when compared to the saline treated group. Analysis of whole brain homogenates from all treatments tested (saline, DM, and apocynin) demonstrated low levels of TNFα, protein nitration, lipid peroxidation, and NADPH oxidase activation, indicating a low level of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in hAPP(751)SL mice at 8 months of age that was not significantly affected by any drug treatment. Despite in vitro analyses demonstrating that apocynin and DM ameliorate Aβ-induced extracellular superoxide production and neurotoxicity, both DM and apocynin failed to significantly affect learning and memory tasks or synaptic density in hAPP(751)SL mice. To discern how apocynin was affecting plaque levels (plaque load) and microglial number in vivo, in vitro analysis of microglia was performed, revealing no apocynin effects on beta-amyloid (Aβ) phagocytosis, microglial proliferation, or microglial survival.Conclusions
Together, this study suggests that while hAPP(751)SL mice show increases in microglial number and plaque load, they fail to exhibit elevated markers of neuroinflammation consistent with AD at 8 months of age, which may be a limitation of this animal model. Despite absence of clear neuroinflammation, apocynin was still able to reduce both plaque size and microglial number, suggesting that apocynin may have additional therapeutic effects independent of anti-inflammatory characteristics. 相似文献106.
V. N. Magda J. Block O. Ch. Oidupaa E. A. Vaganov 《Contemporary Problems of Ecology》2011,4(7):716-724
Studies in Central Asia (Altai-Sayan region, northwest and central Mongolia) have shown that trees growing in arid conditions of mountain forest-steppes have a mixed and unstable climatic response. It is obvious that this nature of the climatic response of trees prevents the use of tree-ring chronologies for climate reconstruction. In this connection, it is necessary to separate the climatic signal of tree-ring chronologies, i.e., extract the signal for moisture. This paper proposes a method for separating the climatic signal of tree-ring chronologies of mountain forest-steppes, and reports estimates of its reliability by two independent methods. Analysis of the chronologies obtained after separation of the signal, based on meteorological and hydrological data, has shown that these chronologies can be used for climate reconstructions. 相似文献
107.
108.
Evidence for a junctional feet-ryanodine receptor complex from sarcoplasmic reticulum 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
F A Lai H Erickson B A Block G Meissner 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1987,143(2):704-709
Heavy sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles, labelled with the Ca2+ release channel probe [3H]ryanodine, were solubilized in detergent, then centrifuged through sucrose gradients. A single peak of ryanodine binding activity was observed with an apparent sedimentation coefficient of 30S. Electron microscopy of the peak fraction showed disk structures of 25-28 nm diameter and 10 nm thickness. Proteins specifically enriched in the peak fraction were the Mr 160,000 and 260,000 and junctional feet proteins (Mr 320,000 and 300,000). This suggests that the feet proteins and ryanodine receptor may be specifically associated into a large oligomeric complex comprising subunits of Mr 160,000-320,000. 相似文献
109.
110.
Identification and Purification of a Derepressible Alkaline Phosphatase from Anacystis nidulans R2 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8 下载免费PDF全文
We have examined the increase in alkaline phosphatase activity in the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans R2 upon phosphate deprivation. Much of the activity is released into the medium when A. nidulans is osmotically shocked, indicating that the enzyme is located either in the periplasmic space or is loosely bound to the cell wall. The polypeptide associated with phosphatase activity has been identified as a single species of Mr 160,000. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that this polypeptide is responsible for alkaline phosphatase activity: (a) It is absent when cells are grown in the presence of phosphate and specifically accumulates during phosphate deprivation. (b) It is the major periplasmic polypeptide extracted by osmotic shock. (c) It represents over 90% of the protein in a fraction of periplasmic polypeptides enriched for phosphatase activity. (d) Antibodies raised against the purified species of Mr 160,000 inhibit phosphatase activity by approximately 70%. 相似文献