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Peng Wang Alexander A Morgan Qing Zhang Alessandro Sette Bjoern Peters 《BMC bioinformatics》2007,8(1):269
Background
The Immune Epitope Database contains information on immune epitopes curated manually from the scientific literature. Like similar projects in other knowledge domains, significant effort is spent on identifying which articles are relevant for this purpose. 相似文献273.
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Diana Pauly Pablo A. Chacana Esteban G. Calzado Bj?rn Brembs Rüdiger Schade 《Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE》2011,(51)
Hens can be immunized by means of i.m. vaccination (Musculus pectoralis, left and right, injection volume 0.5-1.0 ml) or by means of Gene-Gun plasmid-immunization. Dependent on the immunogenicity of the antigen, high antibody-titres (up to 1:100,000 - 1:1,000,000) can be achieved after only one or 3 - 4 boost immunizations. Normally, a hen lays eggs continuously for about 72 weeks, thereafter the laying capacity decreases. This protocol describes the extraction of total IgY from egg yolk by means of a precipitation procedure (PEG. Polson et al. 1980). The method involves two important steps. The first one is the removal of lipids and the second is the precipitation of total IgY from the supernatant of step one. After dialysis against a buffer (normally PBS) the IgY-extract can be stored at -20°C for more than a year. The purity of the extract is around 80 %, the total IgY per egg varies from 40-80 mg, dependent on the age of the laying hen. The total IgY content increases with the age of the hen from around 40 mg/egg up to 80 mg/egg (concerning PEG precipitation). The laying capacity of a hen per year is around 325 eggs. That means a total potential harvest of 20 g total IgY/year based on a mean IgY content of 60 mg total IgY/egg (see Table 1). 相似文献
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In the last decade, significant progress has been made in expanding the scope and depth of publicly available immunological
databases and online analysis resources, which have become an integral part of the repertoire of tools available to the scientific
community for basic and applied research. Herein, we present a general overview of different resources and databases currently
available. Because of our association with the Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource, this resource is reviewed in
more detail. Our review includes aspects such as the development of formal ontologies and the type and breadth of analytical
tools available to predict epitopes and analyze immune epitope data. A common feature of immunological databases is the requirement
to host large amounts of data extracted from disparate sources. Accordingly, we discuss and review processes to curate the
immunological literature, as well as examples of how the curated data can be used to generate a meta-analysis of the epitope
knowledge currently available for diseases of worldwide concern, such as influenza and malaria. Finally, we review the impact
of immunological databases, by analyzing their usage and citations, and by categorizing the type of citations. Taken together,
the results highlight the growing impact and utility of immunological databases for the scientific community. 相似文献