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71.
Oliver Waidmann Thomas Pleli Karel Dvorak Christina Baehr Ulrich Mondorf Guido Plotz Ricardo M. Biondi Stefan Zeuzem Albrecht Piiper 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2009,284(47):32256-32263
Cyclic AMP analogs containing hydrophobic modification of C8 at the adenine ring such as 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP (8-pCPT-cAMP) and 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-2′-O-methyl-cAMP (8-pCPT-2′-O-methyl-cAMP) can penetrate membranes due to their high lipophilicity and directly activate intracellular cAMP effectors. Therefore, these cAMP analogs have been used in numerous studies, assuming that their effects reflect the consequences of direct activation of cAMP effectors. The present study provides evidence that 8-pCPT-modified cAMP analogs and their corresponding putative hydrolysis products (8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-adenosine (8-pCPT-ado) and 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-2′-O-methyl-adenosine (8-pCPT-2′-O-methyl-ado)) inhibit the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1). In PC12 cells, in which nucleoside transport strongly depended on ENT1, 8-pCPT-ado, 8-pCPT-2′-O-methyl-ado, and, to a smaller extent, 8-pCPT-2′-O-methyl-cAMP caused an increase of protein kinase A substrate motif phosphorylation and anti-apoptotic effect by an A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR)-dependent mechanism. In contrast, the effects of 8-pCPT-cAMP were mainly A2AR-independent. In HEK 293 showing little endogenous ENT1-dependent nucleoside transport, transfection of ENT1 conferred A2AR-dependent increase in protein kinase A substrate motif phosphorylation. Together, the data of the present study indicate that inhibition of ENT1 and activation of adenosine receptors have to be considered when interpreting the effects of 8-pCPT-substituted cAMP/adenosine analogs. 相似文献
72.
Gianluca Piovesan Emanuele Presutti Saba Franco Biondi Alfredo Alessandrini Alfredo Di Filippo Bartolomeo Schirone 《Plant Ecology》2009,205(1):23-46
Understanding the ecological mechanisms that allow a species to transition from an occasional understory component to the
dominant type in the forest canopy is essential for predicting future shifts in the distribution of species. We investigated
this issue with regard to yew, also because mature yew trees have been reported to inhibit self-regeneration and seedling
survival, prompting concerns for the long-term preservation of the species. Our objectives were (a) to quantify spatial patterns
of yew (Taxus baccata L.) populations near the southern limit of the species’ ecological distribution, (b) to determine the relationships between
yew presence and topographic gradients, and (c) to answer the question of how yew regeneration is affected by such patterns
and relationships. We analyzed three extensive yew populations (90–165 ha, including 3–12 thousand established individuals)
that mostly occupy the understory of beech forests located in protected areas of the central Apennines (Italy). Overall, the
realized niche of yew (either as established trees, saplings, or seedlings) followed the expected bell-shaped curve of a species
response to an environmental gradient. Yew was mainly found at 1,000–1,600 m elevation on mesic exposures (north and west)
and intermediate slopes (30–60%). Geostatistical analysis revealed that yew occurred in patches, as shown by variogram ranges
of 40–110 m for yew tree basal area and regeneration abundance. Yew regeneration over the landscape was directly related to
basal area of yew trees. At local scales (~10 m), presence of established trees favored regeneration in relatively less developed
stands, whereas high density of mature yews suppressed regeneration. Healthy yew populations in beech forests had a minimum
size of 0.5–3 ha. As yew density increased within these patches, regeneration dropped, so that yew conservation cannot be
limited to presently occurring populations, despite the longevity and potential for vegetative reproduction of the species.
Disturbance from grazing and wildfire was also found to impact yew survival. Long-term existence of yew in the Italian Apennines
depends on maintaining and expanding old-growth beech forests that incorporate yew patches, and have a minimum continuous
cover equivalent to a relatively undisturbed regime (10–50 ha). 相似文献
73.
Priolo A Vasta V Fasone V Lanza CM Scerra M Biondi L Bella M Whittington FM 《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2009,3(3):454-460
A 2 × 2 factorial experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of herbage or concentrate feeding system and tannin addition to diet on skatole and indole in ruminal fluid and adipose tissue and meat sensory properties. Twenty-eight male lambs aged 45 days were randomly assigned to one of two feeding systems (vetch green herbage or concentrates, n = 14) and within feeding system to one supplement (quebracho tannins added to the diet or none). Animals were kept in singular pens and slaughtered at the age of 105 days. Indole (P < 0.05) and skatole (P < 0.01) concentrations in ruminal fluid were higher in lambs fed herbage compared to those given concentrates. Skatole in ruminal fluid tended to be present at lower concentrations in animals that received the tannin supplementation (P = 0.07). Indole was also higher in the caudal fat of animals fed green vetch compared to those fed concentrate (P = 0.04). Skatole concentration was lower in the fat of lambs fed concentrates compared to those given herbage (P = 0.05) and was lower in the fat of animals supplemented with tannins compared to the animals not supplemented (P = 0.01). Sheep meat odour was lower in meat from animals supplemented with tannins compared to those not supplemented (P < 0.01). It is concluded that tannins are more effective in reducing skatole formation in ruminants when they are associated with concentrate diets than green herbages. 相似文献
74.
Ottoni C Primativo G Hooshiar Kashani B Achilli A Martínez-Labarga C Biondi G Torroni A Rickards O 《PloS one》2010,5(10):e13378
The Tuareg of the Fezzan region (Libya) are characterized by an extremely high frequency (61%) of haplogroup H1, a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup that is common in all Western European populations. To define how and when H1 spread from Europe to North Africa up to the Central Sahara, in Fezzan, we investigated the complete mitochondrial genomes of eleven Libyan Tuareg belonging to H1. Coalescence time estimates suggest an arrival of the European H1 mtDNAs at about 8,000-9,000 years ago, while phylogenetic analyses reveal three novel H1 branches, termed H1v, H1w and H1x, which appear to be specific for North African populations, but whose frequencies can be extremely different even in relatively close Tuareg villages. Overall, these findings support the scenario of an arrival of haplogroup H1 in North Africa from Iberia at the beginning of the Holocene, as a consequence of the improvement in climate conditions after the Younger Dryas cold snap, followed by in situ formation of local H1 sub-haplogroups. This process of autochthonous differentiation continues in the Libyan Tuareg who, probably due to isolation and recent founder events, are characterized by village-specific maternal mtDNA lineages. 相似文献
75.
Sikander Pal Choudhary Renu Bhardwaj B. D. Gupta Prabhu Dutt R. K. Gupta Mukesh Kanwar Stefania Biondi 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2011,33(4):1319-1333
The present investigation recorded significant restoration of seedling growth (root length, shoot length and fresh weight)
upon application of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) and putrescine (Put) to 7-day-old seedlings of Raphanus sativus L. cv. Pusa chetki grown under copper (Cu) ion stress. EBL and Put with/or without Cu ion treated seedlings showed increased
titers of ascorbic acid, total phenols and proline when compared with Cu-stressed seedlings. Differential responses in the
activities of guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) and catalase (CAT) were noted for EBL and Put alone or with/or without Cu ion treatment.
Decreased activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) noted for EBL and Put alone were observed
to enhance significantly when applied in combination with Cu ion solution. A remarkable decrease in malondialdehyde contents
was observed in seedlings treated with EBL and Put alone and with/or without Cu ion stress. Enhanced free radical scavenging
activities were also recorded for seedlings given EBL and Put alone or in combination over Cu ion stressed seedlings. Maximum
DPPH activity was observed in seedlings treated with Put and EBL 10−9 M + Put. Significant enhancements in deoxyribose and reducing power activities were too recorded for Put, EBL and Put + 10−9 M EBL treatments. Improved seedling growth, antioxidant levels (ascorbic acid, total phenols and proline) and enzymic (GPOX,
CAT, SOD and GR) activities and free radical scavenging capacities along with reduced membrane damage in seedlings given EBL
and Put with/or without Cu stress suggests significant and positive interactions of EBL and Put in alleviating the Cu ion
induced oxidative damage in radish seedlings. 相似文献
76.
Rebecca Vicente-Steijn Roderick W. C. Scherptong Boudewijn P. T. Kruithof Sjoerd N. Duim Marie Jose T. H. Goumans Lambertus J. Wisse Bin Zhou William T. Pu Robert E. Poelmann Martin J. Schalij Michelle D. Tallquist Adriana C. Gittenberger-de Groot Monique RM Jongbloed 《PloS one》2015,10(9)
Background
Morphological and functional differences of the right and left ventricle are apparent in the adult human heart. A differential contribution of cardiac fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells (populations of epicardium-derived cells) to each ventricle may account for part of the morphological-functional disparity. Here we studied the relation between epicardial derivatives and the development of compact ventricular myocardium.Results
Wildtype and Wt1CreERT2/+ reporter mice were used to study WT-1 expressing cells, and Tcf21lacZ/+ reporter mice and PDGFRα-/-;Tcf21LacZ/+ mice to study the formation of the cardiac fibroblast population. After covering the heart, intramyocardial WT-1+ cells were first observed at the inner curvature, the right ventricular postero-lateral wall and left ventricular apical wall. Later, WT-1+ cells were present in the walls of both ventricles, but significantly more pronounced in the left ventricle. Tcf21-LacZ + cells followed the same distribution pattern as WT-1+ cells but at later stages, indicating a timing difference between these cell populations. Within the right ventricle, WT-1+ and Tcf21-lacZ+ cell distribution was more pronounced in the posterior inlet part. A gradual increase in myocardial wall thickness was observed early in the left ventricle and at later stages in the right ventricle. PDGFRα-/-;Tcf21LacZ/+ mice showed deficient epicardium, diminished number of Tcf21-LacZ + cells and reduced ventricular compaction.Conclusions
During normal heart development, spatio-temporal differences in contribution of WT-1 and Tcf21-LacZ + cells to right versus left ventricular myocardium occur parallel to myocardial thickening. These findings may relate to lateralized differences in ventricular (patho)morphology in humans. 相似文献77.
Milena Merlo Pich Alida Castagnoli Annalisa Biondi Andrea Bernacchia Pier Luigi Tazzari Marilena D'Aurelio 《Free radical research》2013,47(4):429-436
The conditions under which Coenzyme Q (CoQ) may protect platelet mitochondrial function of transfusional buffy coats from aging and from induced oxidative stress were investigated. The Pasteur effect, i.e. the enhancement of lactate production after inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain, was exploited as a marker of mitochondrial function as it allows to calculate the ratio of mitochondrial ATP to glycolytic ATP. Reduced CoQ 10 improves platelet mitochondrial function of transfusional buffy coats and protects the cells from induced oxidative stress. Oxidized CoQ is usually less effective, despite the presence, shown for the first time in this study, of quinone reductase activities in the platelet plasma membranes. The addition of a CoQ reducing system to platelets is effective in enhancing the protection of platelet mitochondrial function from the oxidative stress. The results support on one hand a possibility of protection of mitochondrial function in aging by exogenous CoQ intake, on the other a possible application in protection of transfusional buffy coats from storage conditions and oxidative deterioration. 相似文献
78.
79.
80.
Ada Manzocchi Pierantonio Biondi Camillo Secch Enzo Santaniello 《Journal of neurochemistry》1986,46(6):1895-1898
The methyl ester of succinic semialdehyde (SSA) was examined as a substrate for succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) from rat brain. It was found that the ester can be oxidized by the enzyme. Values of Km for SSA-Me were higher than for those for SSA, and for this substrate the enzyme showed a substrate-dependent inhibition. This finding suggests that the carboxylate group of SSA is not essential in the process of inhibition of SSADH by the substrate. Cyclopropyl analogues of SSA, cis- and trans-1-formyl-cyclopropan-2-carboxylic acids, were also individually tested as substrates of SSADH. Only the trans isomer was found to be oxidized to the corresponding dicarboxylic acid; it inhibited the enzyme in the same range of concentrations as SSA. The above data suggest that, as for gamma-aminobutyric acid, SSA is present in an unfolded, transoid conformation at the active site of SSADH. 相似文献