Vascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetic TallyHo mice: role for an increase in the contribution of PGH2/TxA2 receptor activation and cytochrome p450 products

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that spontaneously diabetic TallyHo (TH) mice, a novel polygenic model for type 2 diabetes, will exhibit endothelial dysfunction associated with an increased contribution from endothelium-derived contractile factors (EDCF). The cellular mechanisms underlying the increased contribution of EDCF were explored in 16 and 30-week-old male TH and age-matched male C57BL/6J mice (n=4-9). Blood glucose and serum lipid profiles were markedly increased in the TH mice. Superoxide generation, assessed with a lucigenin chemiluminescence assay, was markedly increased in the aortae of TH mice. Endothelium-dependent vascular relaxations and contractions to acetylcholine (ACh), but not endothelium-independent relaxations to sodium nitroprusside, were impaired and vascular contractions to phenylephrine were significantly enhanced in aortae from TH mice. Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester markedly increased the ACh-induced contractions in TH mice, whereas SQ29548, a thromboxane receptor antagonist, and cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibitors 17-octadecynoic acid and sulfaphenazole, the latter being specific for CYP2C6 and 2C9, decreased and (or) normalized the contractile response to ACh in TH mice. The present study indicates that enhanced contribution of prostaglandin H2/thromboxane A2 receptor and CYP, likely CYP2C6 and 2C9, play a critical role in the pathogenesis of increased EDCF in the aortae of type 2 diabetic TH mice.     

Expression of chemokine-like factor 1 is upregulated during T lymphocyte activation

Chemokine-like factor 1 (CKLF1) is a cytokine with chemotactic effects on leukocytes and a functional ligand of CCR4. This cytokine is widely expressed and the level of expression is reported to be upregulated in asthma and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), disease conditions in which T lymphocytes are over-activated. In order to determine the expression profile of CKLF1 in activated T lymphocytes, we first employed a PCR-based method on human blood fractions cDNA panels and found that CKLF1 was upregulated in activated CD4+ and CD8+ cells, with no obvious changes in CD19+ cells. We further performed kinetic analyses of CKLF1 expression in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) at both the mRNA and protein levels. In resting PBL, the constitutive expression of CKLF1 was low at mRNA level and barely detectable at the protein level; however, both were remarkably upregulated by PHA, appearing at 8h after PHA-stimulation and persisting up to 72h. These results suggest that CKLF1 may be involved in T lymphocyte activation and further study of CKLF1 function will prove valuable.     

菱纹叶蝉属中国种类记要(同翅目,叶蝉科,殃叶蝉亚科)

记述中国菱纹叶蝉属Hishimonus Ishihara 17种,其中有2新种,即长突菱纹叶蝉H.prolongatus sp.nov.和褐斑菱纹叶蝉H.fuscomaculatus sp.nov..新种模式标本保存在贵州大学昆虫研究所.     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清GAL3、CXCL12水平与病情严重程度和预后的关系研究

目的:探讨急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者血清半乳糖凝集素3(GAL3)、血清趋化因子12(CXCL12)水平与病情严重程度和预后的关系。方法:选取成都市第五人民医院于2016年2月～2018年9月期间接收的AIS患者138例为观察组,另选取同期来该院行健康体检的志愿者60例为对照组。其中观察组根据美国国立卫生研究所中风量表(NIHSS)评分分为轻症组(n=42,4分),中症组(n=61,4～15分),重症组(n=35,15分),根据改良RABKIN量表(m RS)评分分为预后良好组(n=82)和预后不良组(n=56)。比较对照组、观察组的血清GAL3、CXCL12水平,分析不同NIHSS得分、不同预后的血清GAL3、CXCL12水平,采用Pearson相关性分析血清GAL3、CXCL12水平与NIHSS评分、m RS评分的相关性。结果:观察组血清GAL3、CXCL12水平均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。重症组、中症组AIS患者血清GAL3、CXCL12水平高于轻症组,且重症组高于中症组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。预后不良组的AIS患者血清GAL3、CXCL12水平均高于预后良好组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果可知,血清GAL3、CXCL12水平与NIHSS评分、m RS评分均呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:AIS患者的血清GAL3、CXCL12水平均异常升高,且其升高程度与AIS患者病情严重程度及预后息息相关。     

B.B.R对严重烧伤大鼠肠道屏障功能的保护作用

目的 :探索 B.B.R(复合生态制剂 )对严重烧伤早期肠道屏障功能的保护作用 ,为防治肠源性感染寻找新途径。方法 :选用健康 Wistar大鼠 13 0只 ,体重 180～ 2 2 0 g,雌雄各半 ,随机分为 B.B.R治疗组 ,BFL(单一双歧杆菌制剂 )治疗组 ,烧伤对照组 (BC)和正常对照组 (NC) ,建立 3 0 % °烫伤肠源性感染的动物模型 ,按时分批活杀取材 ,检测细菌易位率、盲肠膜菌群、血浆内毒素和肠粘膜 s Ig A的含量。结果 :B.B.R和 BFL 组 ,伤后 3 d肠道细菌易位率分别为 10 %、2 0 .7% ,与 BC组 (3 3 % )比较明显降低了细易位率。血浆内毒素 BC组明显高于 NC组 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,而 B.B.R组与 NC组比较 ,差异无显著性 (P<0 .0 1)。BC组盲肠中双歧杆菌数量与 BC组比较明显减少 ,而 B.B.R、BFL 组与 NC组比较差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;NC组肠道中酵母菌和大肠埃希菌与 NC比较明显增加 ,B.B.R组差异无显著性 ,肠粘液 s Ig A水平与上述指标有类似变化。结论 :3 0 % °烫伤大鼠肠道内容物双歧杆菌明显下降 ,大肠埃希菌、酵母菌迅速过度生长 ,导致肠道微生态失衡 ,应用 B.B.R治疗后 ,促进肠粘膜机械屏障功能的恢复 ,减少细菌和内毒素的易位 ,调整肠道微生态平衡 ,提高了肠道局部和全身免疫功能     

Duplication and adaptive evolution of the chalcone synthase genes of Dendranthema (Asteraceae)

Chalcone synthase (CHS) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of flavonoids, which are important for the pigmentation of flowers and act as attractants to the pollinators. Genes encoding CHS constitute a multigene family in which the copy number varies among plant species and functional divergence appears to have occurred repeatedly. Plants of the Dendranthema genus have white, yellow, and pink flowers, exhibiting considerable variation in flower color. In this article, 18 CHS genes from six Dendranthema species were sequenced. Two of them were found to be pseudogenes. The functional Dendranthema CHS genes formed three well-supported subfamilies: SF1, SF2, and SF3. The inferred phylogeny of the CHS genes of Dendranthema and Gerbera suggests that those genes originated as a result of duplications before divergence of these two genera, and the function of Dendranthema CHS genes have diverged in a similar fashion to the Gerbera CHS genes; i.e., the genes of SF1 and SF3 code for typical CHS enzymes expressed during different stages of development, whereas the genes of SF2 code for another enzyme that is different from CHS in substrate specificity and reaction. Relative rate tests revealed that the Dendranthema CHS genes significantly deviated from clocklike evolution at nonsynonymous sites. Maximum likelihood analysis showed that the nonsynonymous-synonymous (omega = d(N)/d(S)) rate ratio for the lineage ancestral to SF2 was much higher than for other lineages, with some sites having a ratio well above one. Positive selective pressure appears to have driven the divergence of SF2 from SF1 and SF3.