Casein Kinase II Activity in the Postischemic Rat Brain Increases in Brain Regions Resistant to Ischemia and Decreases in Vulnerable Areas

Abstract: Casein kinase II (CKII) is a protein kinase acting in the intracellular cascade of reactions activated by growth factor receptors, and that has a profound influence on cell proliferation and survival. In this investigation, we studied the changes in the activity and levels of CKII in the rat brain exposed to 10. 15 and 20 min of transient forebrain ischemia followed by variable periods of reperfusion. The cytosolic CKII activity decreased during reperfusion by ∼ 30 and ∼ 50% in the selectively vulnerable areas, striatum and the CA1 region of the hippocampus, respectively. In the resistant CA3 region of hippocampus and neocortex, the activity increased by ∼ 20 and ∼ 60%, respectively. The postischemic changes in CKII activity were dependent on the duration of the ischemic insult. The levels of CKII did not change after ischemia, suggesting that the enzyme is modulated by covalent modification or is interacting with an endogenous inhibitor/activator. Treatment of the cytosolic fraction from cortex of rats exposed to ischemia and 1 h of reperfusion with agarose-bound phosphatase decreased the activity of CKII to control levels, suggesting that CKII activation after ischemia involves a phosphorylation of the enzyme. The correlation between postischemic CKII activity and neuronal survival implies that preservation or activation of CKII activity may be important for neuronal survival after cerebral ischemia.     

Depression of Neuronal Protein Synthesis Initiation by Protein Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

Abstract— Growth factors stimulate cellular protein synthesis, but the intracellular signaling mechanisms that regulate initiation of mRNA translation in neurons have not been clarified. A rate-limiting step in the initiation of protein synthesis is the formation of the ternary complex among GTP, eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (elF-2), and the initiator tRNA. Here we report that genistein, a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, decreases tyrosine kinase activity and the content of phosphotyrosine proteins in cultured primary cortical neurons. Genistein inhibits protein synthesis by >80% in a dose-dependent manner (10–80 μg/ml) and concurrently decreases ternary complex formation by 60%. At the doses investigated, genistein depresses tyrosine kinase activity and concomitantly stimulates PKC activity. We propose that a protein tyrosine kinase participates in the initiation of protein synthesis in neurons, by affecting the activity of elF-2 directly or through a protein kinase cascade.     

血清岩藻糖测定方法学研究

本文对血清岩藻糖测定方法进行了系统研究。血清用量由200μL减至50μL,显色反应4h内稳定。吸收峰在396nm。岩藻糖浓度40μg/mL内线性良好,批间CV=2.1％。以Sephadex-G200层析,血清岩藻糖主要存在于分子量为500kD的组分中。以本法测得30例健康人血清岩藻糖浓度为588.1±172.0μmol/L。     

崖椒茎的化学成分

从崖椒（Zanthoxglum schinifolutm Sieb.et Zucc.)茎的石油醚、二氯甲烷提取物中分离得到8个化合物。经物理常数测定及光谱（UV,IR,MS,NMR)分析鉴定其为（1）白鲜碱（dictamning),（2）茵芋碱（skimmianine),(3)滨蒿内酯（scoparone),(4)崖椒内酯（schinifolin),(5)莨菪亭（scopoletin),（6）7-羟基-8-甲氧基香豆素（7-hydroxy-8-methoxycoumarin),（7）N-甲基弗林辛（N-methylflindersine),（8）β-谷甾醇（β-sitosterol),其中化合物（5）、（6）和（7）为首次从该植物中分离。     

酿酒酵母INO80染色质重塑复合物调控基因表达的研究进展

表观遗传调控是真核生物基因表达精细调控的重要组成部分,主要包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和染色质重塑。其中,染色质重塑因子可影响组蛋白修饰酶和转录因子与特定位点的结合,在基因表达调控中占有重要地位。INO80复合物是进化上保守的染色质重塑复合物,能利用ATP水解获得的能量促进核小体的滑动和驱逐。INO80复合物除了在DNA复制、修复中发挥重要功能外,还通过改变DNA可及性调控酿酒酵母的基因表达。本文综述了染色质重塑复合物的分类及组成,重点介绍了酿酒酵母多亚基复合物INO80在基因表达调控中的重要功能,包括驱逐RNA聚合酶Ⅱ、响应信号转导途径和改变基因表达水平等,并着重总结了其在酿酒酵母环境胁迫响应机理中的研究进展。深入研究INO80染色质重塑复合物的功能,可为理解真核生物精细代谢调控的机制,并进一步开发基于染色质重塑等表观调控水平的微生物代谢工程和合成生物学改造策略,提高菌株的环境胁迫耐受性和发酵性能提供基础。     

β-桧木醇联合替加环素对tet(X4)阳性大肠杆菌的体外协同抗菌作用

质粒介导tet(X4)基因的出现和流行,严重影响替加环素(tigecycline)对临床多重耐药细菌感染的治疗效果,急需寻找有效的佐剂遏制替加环素耐药性。本研究采用微量棋盘稀释法、时间-杀菌曲线测定β-桧木醇(β-thujaplicin)和替加环素的体外联合抗菌表征,通过测定细菌细胞膜通透性、细菌胞内活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)含量、铁含量以及替加环素含量等指标,来探究β-桧木醇和替加环素联合使用对tet(X4)基因阳性大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)的抗菌作用机制。结果表明,β-桧木醇联合替加环素对tet(X4)基因阳性大肠杆菌具有体外协同抗菌效果,且β-桧木醇在抗菌作用浓度范围内无显著溶血性和细胞毒性。机制研究发现,β-桧木醇能显著增大细菌细胞膜的通透性,降低细菌胞内铁含量,干扰铁稳态,诱导细胞内ROS显著增加,从而发挥抗菌效果。进一步研究发现,β-桧木醇可通过干扰细菌铁代谢和增大细菌细胞膜通透性,协同增强替加环素的抗菌效果。本研究结果为β-桧木醇联合替加环素治疗tet(X4)基因阳性大肠杆菌感染提供了理论和实践基础。     

Terpenoids from Euphorbia helioscopia and Their Cytotoxic Activities against H1975 Cells

Three previously undescribed diterpenoids, helioscopnoids A–C, and eight known compounds were isolated from the whole plants of Euphorbia helioscopia. Their structures were established by extensive analysis of spectra and data comparison with previous literatures. Among them, compound 4 was identified as 24,24-dimethoxy-25,26,27-trinoreuphan-3β-ol with revised configurations of C-13, C-14, and C-17 (13R*, 14R*, 17R*). Cytotoxicity assays revealed that all compounds exhibited varying levels of cytotoxicity against H1975 cells, with compound 9 displaying the most potent activity, as indicated by cell viability rates of 18.13 % and 20.76 % at concentrations of 20 μM and 5 μM, respectively. This study expands the understanding of E. helioscopia terpenoids’ structural diversity and biological activities, contributing to the exploration of potential therapeutic applications.     

云南普通马矮型马蛋白多态性及其品种分化关系

本文运用蛋白电泳技术对来自云南省文山州马关县和麻栗坡县的２１匹普通马和１４匹矮型马进行了分析。共分析遗传座位４４个,其中有１０个座位检测到多态性。根据分子钟假说和相应的公式,推算两者的分歧时间约为１８．５万年。     

发情期小灵猫行为的研究

本文对笼养小灵猫发情期的繁殖行为进行了观察。结果表明：小灵猫一年有两次发情期,绝大部分的小灵猫在春季（２－４月）发情,少数个体在秋季（８月底至９月）出现第２次发情。发情期雄性小灵猫频繁地发出求偶叫声和增加擦香次数。雄猫的擦香行为和求偶叫声可促使雌猫的发情,发情期一系列性行为对雌雄交配的成功与否有重要的意义。     

Effects of light-dark cycles on the circadian conidiation rhythm inNeurospora crassa

The effects of 24 hr light-dark cycles on the circadian conidiation rhythm inNeurospora crassa were compared among will-typefrq ⁺ and clock mutantsfrq ⁺,frq ³,frq ⁷,frq ⁹ andfrq ¹¹. The minimum length of the light period necessary for complete entrainment to the light-dark cycles was almost 2 hr infrq ⁺,frq ³ andfrq ⁷ strains. The minimum duration of the dark period necessary for the appearance of circadian conidiation was almost 4 hr in all of the strains except thefrq ¹¹ strain. The phase of the conidiation rhythm was dependent on the light to dark transition in thefrq ¹ strain in all light-dark cycles examined and in thefrq ⁺ andfrq ³ strains when the light period was shorter than 16 hr. In contrast, the phase of thefrq ⁷ strain was dependent on the light to dark transition when the light period was shorter than 10 hr.