生态系统服务功能与景观格局耦合协调度研究——以武陵山区退耕还林工程为例

生态系统服务功能与景观格局演变关系极为密切,研究生态系统服务功能与景观格局的耦合协调度对于区域发展具有重要意义。以武陵山区退耕还林工程为例,参照国家标准和行业标准,采用分布式测算方法、景观格局指数分析和耦合协调度模型等方法,旨在揭示武陵山区退耕还林工程生态系统服务功能与景观格局二者耦合协调关系。结果表明:(1)2005—2017年间武陵山区退耕还林工程各项生态服务功能物质量均以15倍左右速度增长,生态系统服务空间分布格局最佳区域由西部地区逐渐向东南扩大;(2)武陵山区景观演变存在时空差异,1995—2005年景观格局变化更为明显,变化区域集中在中西部地区,2005—2015年与之相比,景观格局变化空间上更为分散;(3)武陵山区退耕还林工程生态系统服务与景观格局演变存在较高水平的耦合以及高水平的协调性。研究结果可为武陵山区土地利用规划及退耕还林工程进一步实施提供科学依据。     

二氢乳清酸脱氢酶的结构特征和催化循环研究进展

二氢乳清酸脱氢酶是黄素依赖的线粒体酶,它催化嘧啶从头合成的第4步反应,将二氢乳清酸氧化为乳清酸。通过选择性抑制二氢乳清酸脱氢酶,从而抑制嘧啶的合成,已被开发用于治疗癌症、自身免疫性疾病、细菌或病毒感染以及寄生虫疾病等。抑制剂的开发需详细了解二氢乳清酸脱氢酶的结构特征和催化循环机制。因此,文中主要从这两个方面进行了综述,并展望了该酶的抑制剂在临床应用中的前景。     

桔梗种子萌发对低温、干旱及互作胁迫的响应

以药用植物桔梗种子为材料,研究了低温、干旱及其互作对种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,旨在探索在春寒干旱条件下其种子萌发对策及生态适应性,为桔梗野生种群恢复及人工栽培群体构建提供依据.结果表明,温度、干旱及其互作对桔梗种子萌发和幼苗生长均有显著影响.0-10％ PEG水分条件下,在变温10/20℃及恒温15-25℃下桔梗种子能够良好萌发(10％ PEG、20℃除外),而15％ PEG可显著抑制萌发.低温(10℃)下种子萌发始时间延迟,发芽率降低.随干旱胁迫程度的增加,10℃发芽率呈先升后降趋势,而其它温度下,发芽率和发芽指数均呈下降趋势.随温度的降低,幼苗根长、茎长及鲜重均呈下降趋势,且幼根生长对温度变化更为敏感.     

Mechanisms of chromatin-based epigenetic inheritance

Multi-cellular organisms such as humans contain hundreds of cell types that share the same genetic information(DNA sequences), and yet have different cellular traits and functions. While how genetic information is passed through generations has been extensively characterized, it remains largely obscure how epigenetic information encoded by chromatin regulates the passage of certain traits, gene expression states and cell identity during mitotic cell divisions, and even through meiosis. In this r...     

不同放牧压力下大针茅种群的遗传多样性

大针茅是亚洲中部草原亚区特有的蒙古草原种,以大针茅建群的草原在内蒙古的分布面积为2 798 081hm^2.从遗传多样性上探讨了大针茅种群在放牧压力下的适应机制,结果表明：虽然放牧导致部分基因位点丢失,但整个种群仍表现出丰富的多态性,ISSR检测的多态性条带比率为89%.Nei＇s指数计算的大针茅种群间的遗传分化为0.1984,说明有19.8%的遗传变异存在于种群之间, 80.2%的遗传变异存在于种群内. 由Shannon＇s和Nei＇s多样性指数检测的大针茅种群内遗传多样性随着放牧压力的增加有逐渐减弱的趋势.根据遗传距离构建的UPGMA聚类图中, 中度和重度放牧样地首先聚为一类, 不放牧和轻度放牧样地聚为一类, 随后聚在一起.     

Comparative Network Biology Discovers Protein Complexes That Underline Cellular Differentiation in Anabaena sp.

The filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 can differentiate into heterocysts to fix atmospheric nitrogen. During cell differentiation, cellular morphology and gene expression undergo a series of significant changes. To uncover the mechanisms responsible for these alterations, we built protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks for these two cell types by cofractionation coupled with mass spectrometry. We predicted 280 and 215 protein complexes, with 6322 and 2791 high-confidence PPIs in vegetative cells and heterocysts, respectively. Most of the proteins in both types of cells presented similar elution profiles, whereas the elution peaks of 438 proteins showed significant changes. We observed that some well-known complexes recruited new members in heterocysts, such as ribosomes, diflavin flavoprotein, and cytochrome c oxidase. Photosynthetic complexes, including photosystem I, photosystem II, and phycobilisome, remained in both vegetative cells and heterocysts for electron transfer and energy generation. Besides that, PPI data also reveal new functions of proteins. For example, the hypothetical protein Alr4359 was found to interact with FraH and Alr4119 in heterocysts and was located on heterocyst poles, thereby influencing the diazotrophic growth of filaments. The overexpression of Alr4359 suspended heterocyst formation and altered the pigment composition and filament length. This work demonstrates the differences in protein assemblies and provides insight into physiological regulation during cell differentiation.     

In-depth Profiling and Quantification of the Lysine Acetylome in Hepatocellular Carcinoma with a Trapped Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometer

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide with limited therapeutic options. Comprehensive investigation of protein posttranslational modifications in HCC is still limited. Lysine acetylation is one of the most common types of posttranslational modification involved in many cellular processes and plays crucial roles in the regulation of cancer. In this study, we analyzed the proteome and K-acetylome in eight pairs of HCC tumors and normal adjacent tissues using a timsTOF Pro instrument. As a result, we identified 9219 K-acetylation sites in 2625 proteins, of which 1003 sites exhibited differential acetylation levels between tumors and normal adjacent tissues. Interestingly, many novel tumor-specific K-acetylation sites were characterized, for example, filamin A (K865), filamin B (K697), and cofilin (K19), suggesting altered activities of these cytoskeleton-modulating molecules, which may contribute to tumor metastasis. In addition, we observed an overall suppression of protein K-acetylation in HCC tumors, especially for enzymes from various metabolic pathways, for example, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and fatty acid metabolism. Moreover, the expression of deacetylase sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) was upregulated in HCC tumors, and its role of deacetylation in HCC cells was further explored by examining the impact of SIRT2 overexpression on the proteome and K-acetylome in Huh7 HCC cells. SIRT2 overexpression reduced K-acetylation of proteins involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including energy metabolism. Furthermore, cellular assays showed that overexpression of SIRT2 in HCC cells inhibited both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Taken together, our findings provide valuable information to better understand the roles of K-acetylation in HCC and to treat this disease by correcting the aberrant acetylation patterns.