全文获取类型
收费全文 | 38508篇 |
免费 | 3137篇 |
国内免费 | 3511篇 |
专业分类
45156篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 107篇 |
2023年 | 583篇 |
2022年 | 1283篇 |
2021年 | 2153篇 |
2020年 | 1373篇 |
2019年 | 1762篇 |
2018年 | 1703篇 |
2017年 | 1232篇 |
2016年 | 1639篇 |
2015年 | 2454篇 |
2014年 | 2859篇 |
2013年 | 3133篇 |
2012年 | 3588篇 |
2011年 | 3219篇 |
2010年 | 1976篇 |
2009年 | 1733篇 |
2008年 | 2026篇 |
2007年 | 1779篇 |
2006年 | 1541篇 |
2005年 | 1291篇 |
2004年 | 1107篇 |
2003年 | 911篇 |
2002年 | 788篇 |
2001年 | 629篇 |
2000年 | 575篇 |
1999年 | 575篇 |
1998年 | 338篇 |
1997年 | 371篇 |
1996年 | 351篇 |
1995年 | 325篇 |
1994年 | 284篇 |
1993年 | 198篇 |
1992年 | 289篇 |
1991年 | 191篇 |
1990年 | 162篇 |
1989年 | 153篇 |
1988年 | 98篇 |
1987年 | 93篇 |
1986年 | 61篇 |
1985年 | 74篇 |
1984年 | 33篇 |
1983年 | 34篇 |
1982年 | 30篇 |
1981年 | 15篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1950年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
麦蛾的求偶行为与区分等级的方法 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
求偶行为是麦蛾的本能,主要由自身生理状态决定,雌蛾全是自发行为,雄蛾多是对异性信息刺激的反应。两性求偶行为都有固定发生程序,有明显的阶段性。本文按其阶段程序特点把两性求偶行为各分为3等9级。非求偶行为概作0等0级。等级数值大小反映了性兴奋强度,统计分析级别数值,就能确定个体或蛾群求偶行为的动态。 相似文献
52.
Summary A method was developed for the introduction of plasmids into Clostridium botulinum by electroporation. A 4.4 kb plasmid vector, pGK12, which contains genes for resistance to erythromycin (Emr) and chloramphenicol (Cmr) was electroporated into C. botulinum type A (Hall A). The highest transformation efficiency was obtained using midlog phase cells, 10% PEG 8000 as the electroporation solution, and 2.5 kV field strength. The transformation efficiency was highest (103 transformants/g of DNA) when 1 g of plasmid DNA and 4 × 108 CFU/ml of recipient cells were used. Plasmid DNA recovered from the transformants was indistinguishable from that introduced on the basis of restriction enzyme digestion and agarose gel electrophoresis. 相似文献
53.
54.
衣藻(Chlamydomonas sp)是属于绿藻门的最低等单细胞植物,为典型的真核生物。迄今以衣藻为材料所作的有关细胞骨架方面的研究多集中在微管蛋白(tubulin)。C.J.Miller等曾以衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)全蛋白与几种中间纤维抗体进行免疫印迹实验有阳性反应,但是衣藻中是否存在中间纤维与核纤层是不清楚的问题。衣藻中间纤维与核纤层的形态研究更未见报道。目前认为中间纤维-核纤 相似文献
55.
56.
川西峨眉晚白垩世夹关期河流沉积中的痕迹化石群落* 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
晚白垩世夹关组中的痕迹化石群落至少由12个痕迹属17个痕迹种组成,其中包括5个新痕迹种,即Cystichrtium cuwatitivum,Steinichnus laryus,Paradidymaulichnus emeiertsis,Monmorphichnus lineates和Rusophycus univalvis.这一化石群落主要是无脊椎动物的进食迹、觅食迹、爬迹、停息迹和居住迹,其中多数呈下浮痕和全浮痕保存,并形成于经常干旱的河流环境(大多出现在泛滥平原沉积中).该群落可识别出两个痕迹化石组合,即1) Scoyenia-Steinichnus-Rusophycus组合,它主要产自泛滥平原和漫滩环境;2)Skolithos-Arenicolites组合,它代表一种水道砂坝或曲流砂坝环境. 相似文献
57.
58.
Huili Feng Jiahuan Guo Changhui Peng Daniel Kneeshaw Gabrielle Roberge Chang Pan Xuehong Ma Dan Zhou Weifeng Wang 《Global Change Biology》2023,29(14):3970-3989
A significant increase in reactive nitrogen (N) added to terrestrial ecosystems through agricultural fertilization or atmospheric deposition is considered to be one of the most widespread drivers of global change. Modifying biomass allocation is one primary strategy for maximizing plant growth rate, survival, and adaptability to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, there is much uncertainty as to whether and how plant biomass allocation strategies change in response to increased N inputs in terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we synthesized 3516 paired observations of plant biomass and their components related to N additions across terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Our meta-analysis reveals that N addition (ranging from 1.08 to 113.81 g m−2 year−1) increased terrestrial plant biomass by 55.6% on average. N addition has increased plant stem mass fraction, shoot mass fraction, and leaf mass fraction by 13.8%, 12.9%, and 13.4%, respectively, but with an associated decrease in plant reproductive mass (including flower and fruit biomass) fraction by 3.4%. We further documented a reduction in plant root-shoot ratio and root mass fraction by 27% (21.8%–32.1%) and 14.7% (11.6%–17.8%), respectively, in response to N addition. Meta-regression results showed that N addition effects on plant biomass were positively correlated with mean annual temperature, soil available phosphorus, soil total potassium, specific leaf area, and leaf area per plant. Nevertheless, they were negatively correlated with soil total N, leaf carbon/N ratio, leaf carbon and N content per leaf area, as well as the amount and duration of N addition. In summary, our meta-analysis suggests that N addition may alter terrestrial plant biomass allocation strategies, leading to more biomass being allocated to aboveground organs than belowground organs and growth versus reproductive trade-offs. At the global scale, leaf functional traits may dictate how plant species change their biomass allocation pattern in response to N addition. 相似文献
59.
Ziliang Li Weijie Xu Luyao Kang Yakov Kuzyakov Leiyi Chen Mei He Futing Liu Dianye Zhang Wei Zhou Xuning Liu Yuanhe Yang 《Global Change Biology》2023,29(22):6367-6382
Mineralization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in thermokarst lakes plays a non-negligible role in the permafrost carbon (C) cycle, but remains poorly understood due to its complex interactions with external C and nutrient inputs (i.e., aquatic priming and nutrient effects). Based on large-scale lake sampling and laboratory incubations, in combination with 13C-stable-isotope labeling, optical spectroscopy, and high-throughput sequencing, we examined large-scale patterns and dominant drivers of priming and nutrient effects of DOM biodegradation across 30 thermokarst lakes along a 1100-km transect on the Tibetan Plateau. We observed that labile C and phosphorus (P) rather than nitrogen (N) inputs stimulated DOM biodegradation, with the priming and P effects being 172% and 451% over unamended control, respectively. We also detected significant interactive effects of labile C and nutrient supply on DOM biodegradation, with the combined labile C and nutrient additions inducing stronger microbial mineralization than C or nutrient treatment alone, illustrating that microbial activity in alpine thermokarst lakes is co-limited by both C and nutrients. We further found that the aquatic priming was mainly driven by DOM quality, with the priming intensity increasing with DOM recalcitrance, reflecting the limitation of external C as energy sources for microbial activity. Greater priming intensity was also associated with higher community-level ribosomal RNA gene operon (rrn) copy number and bacterial diversity as well as increased background soluble reactive P concentration. In contrast, the P effect decreased with DOM recalcitrance as well as with background soluble reactive P and ammonium concentrations, revealing the declining importance of P availability in mediating DOM biodegradation with enhanced C limitation but reduced nutrient limitation. Overall, the stimulation of external C and P inputs on DOM biodegradation in thermokarst lakes would amplify C-climate feedback in this alpine permafrost region. 相似文献
60.
Cheng Jianxin Xia Yuqing Zhou Cheng Li Xiaohao Liu Pengfei 《Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)》2023,25(2):291-313
Marine Biotechnology - Takifugu rubripes is important commercially fish species in China and it is under serious threat from white spot disease (cyptocaryoniasis), which leads to heavy economic... 相似文献