The Rise of Textured Perovskite Morphology: Revolutionizing the Pathway toward High‐Performance Optoelectronic Devices

Halide perovskite materials have achieved overwhelming success in various optoelectronic applications, especially perovskite solar cells and perovskite‐based light‐emitting diodes (P‐LEDs), owing to their outstanding optical and electric properties. It is widely believed that flat and mirror‐like perovskite films are imperative for achieving high device performance, while the potential of other perovskite morphologies, such as the emerging textured perovskite, is overlooked, which leaves plenty of room for further breakthroughs. Compared to flat and mirror‐like perovskites, textured perovskites with unique structures, e.g., coral‐like, maze‐like, column‐like or quasi‐core@shell assemblies, are more efficient at light harvesting and charge extraction, thus revolutionizing the pathways toward ultrahigh performance in perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices. Employing a textured perovskite morphology, the record of external quantum efficiency for P‐LEDs is demonstrated as 21.6%. In this research news, recent progress in the utilization of textured perovskite is summarized, with the emphasis on the preparation strategies and prominent optoelectronic properties. The impact of the textured morphology on light harvesting, carrier dynamic management, and device performance is highlighted. Finally, the challenges and great potential of employing these innovative morphologies in fabricating more efficient optoelectronic devices, or creating a new energy harvesting and conversion regime are also provided.     

Precise Control of Phase Separation Enables 12% Efficiency in All Small Molecule Solar Cells

Compared to conjugated polymers, small‐molecule organic semiconductors present negligible batch‐to‐batch variations, but presently provide comparatively low power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in small‐molecular organic solar cells (SM‐OSCs), mainly due to suboptimal nanomorphology. Achieving precise control of the nanomorphology remains challenging. Here, two new small‐molecular donors H13 and H14 , created by fluorine and chlorine substitution of the original donor molecule H11 , are presented that exhibit a similar or higher degree of crystallinity/aggregation and improved open‐circuit voltage with IDIC‐4F as acceptor. Due to kinetic and thermodynamic reasons, H13 ‐based blend films possess relatively unfavorable molecular packing and morphology. In contrast, annealed H14 ‐based blends exhibit favorable characteristics, i.e., the highest degree of aggregation with the smallest paracrystalline π–π distortions and a nanomorphology with relatively pure domains, all of which enable generating and collecting charges more efficiently. As a result, blends with H13 give a similar PCE (10.3%) as those made with H11 (10.4%), while annealed H14 ‐based SM‐OSCs have a significantly higher PCE (12.1%). Presently this represents the highest efficiency for SM‐OSCs using IDIC‐4F as acceptor. The results demonstrate that precise control of phase separation can be achieved by fine‐tuning the molecular structure and film formation conditions, improving PCE and providing guidance for morphology design.     

Nature of FeSe2/N‐C Anode for High Performance Potassium Ion Hybrid Capacitor

Potassium ion hybrid capacitors have great potential for large‐scale energy devices, because of the high power density and low cost. However, their practical applications are hindered by their low energy density, as well as electrolyte decomposition and collector corrosion at high potential in potassium bis(fluoro‐sulfonyl)imide‐based electrolyte. Therefore, anode materials with high capacity, a suitable voltage platform, and stability become a key factor. Here, N‐doping carbon‐coated FeSe₂ clusters are demonstrated as the anode material for a hybrid capacitor, delivering a reversible capacity of 295 mAh g^?1 at 100 mA g^?1 over 100 cycles and a high rate capability of 158 mAh g^?1 at 2000 mA g^?1 over 2000 cycles. Meanwhile, through density functional theory calculations, in situ X‐ray diffraction, and ex situ transmission electron microscopy, the evolution of FeSe₂ to Fe₃Se₄ for the electrochemical reaction mechanism is successfully revealed. The battery‐supercapacitor hybrid using commercial activated carbon as the cathode and FeSe₂/N‐C as the anode is obtained. It delivers a high energy density of 230 Wh kg^?1 and a power density of 920 W kg^?1 (the energy density and power density are calculated based on the total mass of active materials in the anode and cathode).     

Synthesis of Novel Aryloxyethylamine Derivatives and Evaluation of Their in Vitro and in Vivo Neuroprotective Activities

A series of aryloxyethylamine derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their biological activity. Their structures were confirmed by ¹H‐NMR, ¹³C‐NMR, FT‐IR and HR‐ESI‐MS. The preliminary screening of neuroprotection of compounds in vitro was detected by MTT, and the anti‐ischemic activity in vivo was tested using bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in mice. Most of these compounds showed potential neuroprotective effects against the glutamate‐induced cell death in differentiated rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells), especially for (4‐fluorophenyl){1‐[2‐(4‐methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]piperidin‐4‐yl}methanone, {1‐[2‐(4‐methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]piperidin‐4‐yl}(4‐methoxyphenyl)methanone, (4‐bromophenyl){1‐[2‐(4‐methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]piperidin‐4‐yl}methanone, {1‐[2‐(4‐chlorophenoxy)ethyl]piperidin‐4‐yl}(4‐chlorophenyl)methanone, (4‐chlorophenyl)(1‐{2‐[(naphthalen‐2‐yl)oxy]ethyl}piperidin‐4‐yl)methanone, (4‐chlorophenyl){1‐[2‐(4‐methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]piperidin‐4‐yl}methanone and {1‐[2‐(4‐bromophenoxy)ethyl]piperidin‐4‐yl}(4‐chlorophenyl)methanone, which exhibited potent protection of PC12 cells at three doses (0.1, 1.0, 10 μM). Compounds (4‐fluorophenyl){1‐[2‐(4‐methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]piperidin‐4‐yl}methanone, (4‐fluorophenyl){1‐[2‐(naphthalen‐2‐yloxy)ethyl]piperidin‐4‐yl}methanone, {1‐[2‐(4‐methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]piperidin‐4‐yl}(4‐methoxyphenyl)methanone and {1‐[2‐(4‐chlorophenoxy)ethyl]piperidin‐4‐yl}(4‐chlorophenyl)methanone possessed the significant prolongation of the survival time of mice subjected to acute cerebral ischemia and decreased the mortality rate at all five doses tested (200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 mg/kg) and had significant neuroprotective activity. In addition, (4‐fluorophenyl){1‐[2‐(4‐methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]piperidin‐4‐yl}methanone, {1‐[2‐(4‐methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]piperidin‐4‐yl}(4‐methoxyphenyl)methanone and {1‐[2‐(4‐chlorophenoxy)ethyl]piperidin‐4‐yl}(4‐chlorophenyl)methanone possessed outstanding neuroprotection in vitro and in vivo. These compounds can be used as a promising neuroprotective agents for future development of new anti‐ischemic stroke agents. Basic structure–activity relationships are also presented.     

Optimized Catalytic WS2–WO3 Heterostructure Design for Accelerated Polysulfide Conversion in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

The lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery is a next generation high energy density battery, but its practical application is hindered by the poor cycling stability derived from the severe shuttling of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Catalysis is a promising way to solve this problem, but the rational design of relevant catalysts is still hard to achieve. This paper reports the WS₂–WO₃ heterostructures prepared by in situ sulfurization of WO₃, and by controlling the sulfurization degree, the structure is controlled, which balances the trapping ability (by WO₃) and catalytic activity (by WS₂) toward LiPSs. As a result, the WS₂–WO₃ heterostructures effectively accelerate LiPS conversion and improve sulfur utilization. The Li–S battery with 5 wt% WS₂–WO₃ heterostructures as additives in the cathode shows an excellent rate performance and good cycling stability, revealing a 0.06% capacity decay each cycle over 500 cycles at 0.5 C. By building an interlayer with such heterostructure‐added graphenes, the battery with a high sulfur loading of 5 mg cm^?2 still shows a high capacity retention of 86.1% after 300 cycles at 0.5 C. This work provides a rational way to prepare the metal oxide–sulfide heterostructures with an optimized structure to enhance the performance of Li–S batteries.     

孑遗濒危植物矮扁桃叶绿体全基因组特征分析及亲缘关系鉴定

对第三纪孑遗濒危植物矮扁桃（Amygdalus nana）叶绿体全基因组进行结构特征分析,并探究其与近缘物种之间的系统进化关系。利用Illumina HiSeq Xten测序技术获取叶绿体全基因组序列,对其进行组装、注释和特征分析。结果表明：①矮扁桃叶绿体全基因组总长度为158 596 bp,其中LSC长度为86 771 bp,SSC长度为19 037 bp,2个IRs均为26 394 bp,为环状四分体结构。共注释130个基因,包括85个PCGs、37个tRNA和8个rRNA。②对6种植物进行IR边界区扩张和收缩分析,发现在4个边界区的基因类型和基因分布情况存在一定差异,并且亲缘关系越紧密差异程度越小。③在矮扁桃叶绿体全基因组中共预测了71个SSRs位点。④系统发育分析结果显示,在扁桃亚属中,矮扁桃在亲缘关系上与蒙古扁桃更近,而与长柄扁桃和榆叶梅的亲缘关系稍远。本研究对矮扁桃叶绿体全基因组进行了深度剖析,并且涉及大量被子植物的叶绿体全基因组资料,为桃属植物之间的进化关系和植物鉴定提供参考依据。     

尿源干细胞对神经源性膀胱大鼠膀胱功能及Notch1、Jagged1蛋白表达的影响

目的:研究尿源干细胞对神经源性膀胱大鼠膀胱功能及Notch1、Jagged1蛋白表达的影响。方法:纳入60只健康雌性清洁SD大鼠作为实验对象,将其按照随机抽签法分为正常对照组、研究组以及损伤组,每组各20只。其中研究组和损伤组大鼠均建立神经源性膀胱模型,研究组在造模成功后予以尿源性干细胞尾静脉注射。28 d后,比较三组大鼠膀胱功能相关指标水平,膀胱湿质量和膀胱湿质量/体质量,Notch1、Jagged1蛋白表达水平。结果:损伤组收缩时间、排尿量、膀胱峰压均低于正常对照组,而研究组收缩时间、排尿量、膀胱峰压均高于损伤组(均P0.05);损伤组膀胱基压高于正常对照组,而研究组膀胱基压低于损伤组(均P0.05)。损伤组膀胱湿质量和膀胱湿质量/体质量均高于正常对照组,而研究组膀胱湿质量和膀胱湿质量/体质量低于损伤组(均P0.05)。损伤组Notch1、Jagged1蛋白表达水平均高于正常对照组,而研究组Notch1、Jagged1蛋白表达水平低于损伤组(均P0.05)。结论:尿源干细胞的应用可显著改善神经源性膀胱大鼠膀胱功能,同时可下调Notch1、Jagged1蛋白表达水平。     

孕妇分娩机构选择及其影响因素分析

目的:调查孕妇分娩机构选择情况,并对影响分娩机构选择的因素进行分析,为加强分娩机构建设,合理配置助产机构医疗资源提供参考。方法:本研究调查对象均为2019年5月-2019年9月期间在我院办理建档立册的孕产妇,随机抽取420例孕妇进行自制问卷调查,实际发放问卷420份,获得有效问卷为395份。采用EpiData3.1软件建立数据库,统计孕妇基本资料、选择分娩机构考虑因素,多元Logistic回归分析影响选择分娩机构的因素。结果:90%以上的孕妇认为医疗技术水平、仪器设备水平、是否有新生儿科、医院声誉、服务态度、环境比较重要,是选择医疗机构会考虑的因素;大多数孕妇选择三级分娩机构、专科分娩机构进行分娩;经单因素和多因素分析显示,专家门诊、费用、医院级别可能是孕妇选择分娩机构类别的独立影响因素(P0.05)。结论:孕妇趋向于选择三级、专科分娩机构进行分娩,增强二级和民营助产机构的核心竞争力,有助于合理配置助产机构医疗资源,更好保障母婴安全。