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101.
Ž. P. Marinšek N. Nolde I. Kardum‐Skelin R. Nizzoli B. Önal T. Rezanko E. Tani K. T. Ostović P. Vielh F. Schmitt G. Kocjan 《Cytopathology》2013,24(1):7-20
?. P. Marin?ek, N. Nolde, I. Kardum‐Skelin, R. Nizzoli, B. Önal, T. Rezanko, E. Tani, K. T. Ostovi?, P. Vielh, F. Schmitt and G. Kocjan Multinational study of oestrogen and progesterone receptor immunocytochemistry on breast carcinoma fine needle aspirates Objectives: To collect data on the variability of immunocytochemical (ICC) procedures used to detect oestrogen/progesterone receptors (ER/PR) on cytological material; to test the reproducibility of results; and to identify the crucial points in the ICC procedures that affect the result. Methods: Ten laboratories from eight countries participated in a two‐part study. In the first part, one of the participants (the coordinator) prepared and distributed cytospins from a fine needle aspirate of a primary breast carcinoma. Laboratories performed ICC staining for ER/PR according to their own methods on the test slides and in‐house positive controls. Slides were returned to the coordinator together with information on the preparation of positive control slides and the ICC methodology used. In the second part, obligatory methods of fixation and antigen retrieval were specified. Evaluation of results included grading the number of positive cells, staining intensity, background staining, cytoplasmic staining, sample condition and cellularity. Participants evaluated their own results, which were subsequently evaluated by the coordinator. Results: There was great variability in the preparation of slides for in‐house controls and ICC methodology. The outcome of ICC staining of in‐house control slides was excellent in two laboratories, adequate in three, sub‐optimal in four and inadequate in one. Only six obtained a positive reaction on the test slides and not all were of a high quality. Results of the second run were greatly improved in terms of cellularity of in‐house positive control slides, and scores for the percentage of stained cells and staining intensity of control and test slides. Cytospins and monolayer (ThinPrep®) preparations were superior to direct smears; methods of fixation and antigen retrieval were the key points in the staining process. Conclusions: Our experience points to the need for guidelines for hormonal receptor determination and external quality control on cytological material, in order for cytological methods to be used in routine clinical practice with a suitable degree of confidence. 相似文献
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103.
Özge Balkız Ortaç Onmuş Mehmet Sıkı Ömer Döndürenc Orhan Gül Antoine Arnaud 《Zoology in the Middle East.》2013,59(3):201-214
The Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus is a waterbird commonly found in saline and brackish lagoons throughout the Mediterranean Region. We have gathered existing data on Greater Flamingos in Turkey and carried out field surveys to present the most up to date information on wintering (1999–2014) and breeding (1969– 2014). The wintering population of flamingos shows an increasing trend with 54,947±20,794 individuals mainly concentrated in the Gediz, Büyük Menderes and Çukurova deltas, respectively. Breeding attempts were recorded in at least seven wetlands in Turkey in the past, yet after 1999 most of the colonies were abandoned due to basin scale intensive water management practices in Central Anatolia. Currently, only Tuz Lake and Gediz Delta are used as regular breeding sites, while breeding has been recorded sporadically in Ac?göl and Ak?ehir Lakes. The breeding colony of Tuz Lake is of prime importance at the Mediterranean scale, with the number of young chicks in 2011, 2012 and 2013 accounting for the highest number of fledglings in the Mediterranean Region and West Africa (18,418, 20,274 and 20,292 respectively). Finally, building upon the previous findings about Turkey and the western Mediterranean metapopulation links, recent resightings of Turkish flamingos (despite the limited numbers) confirm post-fledging and natal dispersal reaching the western Mediterranean Basin and West Africa. Flamingos from Turkey were also found to disperse to Israel and to a region outside the known flyways of the western Mediterranean and West African flamingos (i.e. to Israel and UAE). Thus, Turkey, due to its geographic position, appears to be a crossroad between the western and eastern Mediterranean Region and southwest Asia. 相似文献
104.
Rhagodes Pocock, 1897 is the most speciose genus within the family Rhagodidae and species diagnosis is often very difficult. We found Rhagodes eylandti (Walter, 1889) for the first time again since the 1930s and redescribe some morphological features of the male and compare them with the literature. The main diagnostic characters are illustrated. 相似文献
105.
S. THORSTEN ELFSTRÖM 《Bioacoustics.》2013,22(4):277-301
ABSTRACT The songs of Anthus spinoletta littoralis and A. pratensis, in sympatric populations in SW Sweden were recorded, analysed in sound spectrographs and tested in the field. The purpose was to investigate: a) if the strophes are species specifically and individually distinct and, if so, whether pipits are able to make such distinctions; b) if the species-specific and individual-specific patterns are concentrated in different sections of the song and, if so, whether the species-specific section transmits individual-specific information and the individual-specific section transmits species-specific information as well. The basic structure of the syllables in the terminating section of the strophe was found to be intraspecifically stereotyped, but varied between the two species. Replay experiments showed that territorial males could discriminate between con- and heterospecific strophes and this ability persisted when the terminating section of the strophe was replayed alone. The terminating part of the strophe did not seem to transmit individual-specific information to conspecific males. On the other hand, the basic structure of the syllables in the first section of the strophe was intraindividually stereotyped but varied between most conspecific males. Playback experiments showed that a territorial male could discriminate his neighbours' song patterns and this ability remained intact when the introductory phrase of the strophe was replayed alone. Both song pattern and position were necessary properties of the identifying signal in these pipits. But the introductory phrase of a total stranger did not seem to transmit unambiguous species-specific information to conspecific males. 相似文献
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107.
Anu Vehmaa Hedvig Hogfors Elena Gorokhova Andreas Brutemark Towe Holmborn Jonna Engström‐Öst 《Ecology and evolution》2013,3(13):4548-4557
Zooplankton are an important link between primary producers and fish. Therefore, it is crucial to address their responses when predicting effects of climate change on pelagic ecosystems. For realistic community‐level predictions, several biotic and abiotic climate‐related variables should be examined in combination. We studied the combined effects of ocean acidification and global warming predicted for year 2100 with toxic cyanobacteria on the calanoid copepod, Acartia bifilosa. Acidification together with higher temperature reduced copepod antioxidant capacity. Higher temperature also decreased egg viability, nauplii development, and oxidative status. Exposure to cyanobacteria and its toxin had a negative effect on egg production but, a positive effect on oxidative status and egg viability, giving no net effects on viable egg production. Additionally, nauplii development was enhanced by the presence of cyanobacteria, which partially alleviated the otherwise negative effects of increased temperature and decreased pH on the copepod recruitment. The interactive effects of temperature, acidification, and cyanobacteria on copepods highlight the importance of testing combined effects of climate‐related factors when predicting biological responses. 相似文献
108.
Özlem Biçen Ünlüer Arzu Ersöz Ridvan Say Özlem Tomsuk Hülya Sivas 《Biotechnology progress》2013,29(2):472-479
This study describes preparation and use of novel labeled and antibodious polymeric nanolabels (anti‐alpha fetoprotein cross‐linked nanolabels) as an immunogenic and semisynthetic nanolabel with potential prognostic and therapeutic roles for hepatoma cancer. Specificity, uptake, and binding efficiencies of the nanolabel have been examined in a human hepatosarcoma cell line HepG2, a human colorectal cell line DLD‐1, and a mouse myoblast cell line C2. Labeling of the cells has been performed by treating live and fixed cells with varying concentrations of the nanolabels and then, the cells have been examined under a fluorescence microscope. In addition, all cell lines have also been labeled using FITC‐conjugated nanotrastuzumab to compare the results obtained with those of the binding of the FITC‐nanoanti‐alpha fetoprotein nanolabels. Results show that FITC‐conjugated anti‐alpha fetoprotein cross‐linked nanolabels have been taken up by both live and fixed cells and have efficiently and specifically labeled HepG2 cells at a quite low concentration. Taken all together, the results indicate that the novel targeted nanoimaging tools and technique demonstrated their ability to detect the distribution of the nanolabels as probes in hepatoma cells. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29: 472–479, 2013 相似文献
109.
Serkan Öncü 《中国病毒学》2013,28(4):193-201
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic viral infection that is a serious threat to humans. The disease is widely distributed in Africa, Asia, and Europe and has developed into a serious public health concern. Humans become infected through the bites of ticks, by contact with a patient with CCHF, or by contact with blood or tissues from viremic livestock. Microvascular instability and impaired hemostasis are the hallmarks of the infection. Infection in human begins with nonspecific febrile symptoms, but may progress to a serious hemorrhagic syndrome with high mortality rates. Enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are the most used and specific tests for the diagnosis. The mainstay of treatment is supportive. Although definitive studies are not available, ribavirin is suggested to be effective especially at the earlier phase of the infection. Uses of universal protective measures are the best way to avoid the infection. In this review, all aspects of CCHF are overviewed in light of the current literature. 相似文献
110.
Origin of the S‐Shaped JV Curve and the Light‐Soaking Issue in Inverted Organic Solar Cells
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Anton Sundqvist Oskar J. Sandberg Mathias Nyman Jan‐Henrik Smått Ronald Österbacka 《Liver Transplantation》2016,6(6)
Inverted organic solar cells generally exhibit a strong s‐shaped kink in the current–voltage characteristics (JV curve) that may be removed by exposure to UV light (light‐soaking) leading to a drastically improved performance. Using in‐device characterization methods the origin of the light‐soaking issue in inverted solar cells employing titanium dioxide (TiO2) as an electron selective layer is clarified. An injected hole reservoir accumulated at the TiO2/organic interface of the pristine device is observed from extraction current transients; the hole reservoir increases the recombination and results in an s‐shape in the JV curve of pristine devices. The hole reservoir and the s‐shape is a result of the energetics at the selective contact in the pristine device; the effect of UV exposure is to decrease the work function of the indium tin oxide/TiO2‐contact, increasing the built‐in potential. This hinders the build‐up of the hole reservoir and the s‐shape is removed. The proposed model is in excellent agreement with drift‐diffusion simulations. 相似文献