乳酸菌微机检索软件的开发

以现有乳酸菌信息为依据,利用汉字foxbase^＋2．10进行数据处理,研制出一套乳酸菌微机检索软件。该软件的特点：检索速度快,途径灵活,增添、修改、删除、打印方便,各模块性能优良,实用性强。     

球形芽孢杆菌C3-41超氧化物岐化酶的特性

本文研究了球形芽孢杆菌（Bacillussphaericus）C3－41超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的产生条件和部分特性。当C3－41菌株处于孢子囊中期时为产SOD酶高峰期,在30℃下的平板培养物及培养基起始pH为中性（pH7．0）时产生的SOD酶比活最高,经硫酸铵分级沉淀,DEAE－32离子交换层析和SephadexG-100凝胶过滤提纯了SOD酶。此酶属Mn－SOD,在25～35℃和pH5～9范围内较稳定,但在55℃下10min完全失活。     

一种快速提取禽源性大肠埃希氏菌外胰蛋白的方法

介绍一种快速提取禽源性大肠埃希氏菌外膜蛋白的方法。该法是对Ｋａｐｕｒ等发表的方法的改进。全过程只需超速离心一次,比Ｋａｐｕｒ等的方法缩短了４ｈ。所得样品可直接用于禽源性大肠埃希氏菌外膜蛋白模式的测定。     

己酸菌LⅡ己酸发酵过程中生理及代谢特点

在了解了产己酸细菌ＬＩＩ的发酵最适条件的基础上,进一步对己酸发酵过程中的生理及代谢特性作了较详细的分析。结果表明,在己酸发酵过程中除产生正常代谢产物己酸外,还产生丁酸、乙酸、戊酸等其它酸类和甲烷,氢气和ＣＯ_２等气体。用１—^１３Ｃ－乙酸钠和未标记的乙醇作为底物发酵,用色质联用仪（ＧＣ／ＭＳ）分析,结果表明：在己酸合成中碳的来源为乙醇和乙酸,中间代谢产物为丁酸。     

Distinct basolateral amygdala excitatory inputs mediate the somatosensory and aversive-affective components of pain

Pain is a multidimensional perception that includes unpleasant somatosensory and affective experiences; however, the underlying neural circuits that mediate different components of pain remain elusive. Although hyperactivity of basolateral amygdala glutamatergic (BLA^Glu) neurons is required for the somatosensory and emotional processing of pain, the precise excitatory inputs to BLA^Glu neurons and their roles in mediating different aspects of pain are unclear. Here, we identified two discrete glutamatergic neuronal circuits in male mice: a projection from the insular cortex glutamatergic (IC^Glu) to BLA^Glu neurons, which modulates both the somatosensory and affective components of pain, and a projection from the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD^Glu) to BLA^Glu neurons, which modulates only the aversive-affective component of pain. Using whole-cell recording and fiber photometry, we found that neurons within the IC→BLA and MD→BLA pathways were activated in mice upon inflammatory pain induced by injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into their paws. Optical inhibition of the IC^Glu→BLA pathway increased the nociceptive threshold and induced behavioral place preference in CFA mice. In contrast, optical inhibition of the MD^Glu→BLA pathway did not affect the nociceptive threshold but still induced place preference in CFA mice. In normal mice, optical activation of the IC^Glu→BLA pathway decreased the nociceptive threshold and induced place aversion, while optical activation of the MD^Glu→BLA pathway only evoked aversion. Taken together, our results demonstrate that discrete IC^Glu→BLA and MD^Glu→BLA pathways are involved in modulating different components of pain, provide insights into its circuit basis, and better our understanding of pain perception.     

不同后作生境对玉米地天敌的冬季保育作用

不同的作物生境可为田间自然天敌提供不同的栖息场所及猎物或寄主,从而影响天敌自身种群的维持及繁衍。在秋收后的玉米地布局不同的作物生境(玉米秸秆生境、叶菜类生境、甘薯生境及杂草带生境),采用目测法和扫网法调查研究其天敌群落组成及时序动态,通过聚类分析探讨了不同作物生境对玉米地自然天敌冬季保育作用的差异性。结果表明,玉米秸秆生境天敌数量最大,共收集天敌555头,约为叶菜类(甘蓝、菜心、油麦菜)生境的2倍,为杂草带和甘薯生境的4.5倍;天敌种类以蜘蛛类群为主,其中甘蓝、甘薯和杂草带生境蜘蛛个体数量占天敌总量的80%以上,而玉米秸秆生境天敌优势种为稻红瓢虫,其种群发生量达30头/100株以上。天敌物种数、多样性指数大小为玉米秸秆生境>叶菜类生境≥杂草带生境>甘薯生境,天敌群落优势度集中性指数与之相反。系统聚类可将6种不同作物生境聚为3类,玉米秸秆生境为一类,叶菜类生境为一类,杂草带和甘薯生境为一类。研究发现,玉米秸秆生境对玉米地天敌的冬季保育作用最佳。     

Age‐dependent aneuploidy in mammalian oocytes instigated at the second meiotic division

Ageing severely affects the chromosome segregation process in human oocytes resulting in aneuploidy, infertility and developmental disorders. A considerable amount of segregation errors in humans are introduced at the second meiotic division. We have here compared the chromosome segregation process in young adult and aged female mice during the second meiotic division. More than half of the oocytes in aged mice displayed chromosome segregation irregularities at anaphase II, resulting in dramatically increased level of aneuploidy in haploid gametes, from 4% in young adult mice to 30% in aged mice. We find that the post‐metaphase II process that efficiently corrects aberrant kinetochore‐microtubule attachments in oocytes in young adult mice is approximately 10‐fold less efficient in aged mice, in particular affecting chromosomes that show small inter‐centromere distances at the metaphase II stage in aged mice. Our results reveal that post‐metaphase II processes have critical impact on age‐dependent aneuploidy in mammalian eggs.     

Effect of a Functional Phospholipid Metabolome-Protein Association Pathway on the Mechanism of COVID-19 Disease Progression

This study aimed to explore the clinical practice of phospholipid metabolic pathways in COVID-19. In this study, 48 COVID-19 patients and 17 healthy controls were included. Patients were divided into mild (n=40) and severe (n=8) according to their severity. Phospholipid metabolites, TCA circulating metabolites, eicosanoid metabolites, and closely associated enzymes and transfer proteins were detected in the plasma of all individuals using metabolomics and proteomics assays, respectively. 30 of the 33 metabolites found differed significantly (P<0.05) between patients and healthy controls (P<0.05), with D-dimmer significantly correlated with all of the lysophospholipid metabolites (LysoPE, LysoPC, LysoPI and LPA). In particular, we found that phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) could identify patients from healthy controls (AUC 0.771 and 0.745, respectively) and that the severity of the patients could be determined (AUC 0.663 and 0.809, respectively). The last measurement before discharge also revealed significant changes in both PI and PC. For the first time, our study explores the significance of the phospholipid metabolic system in COVID-19 patients. Based on molecular pathway mechanisms, three important phospholipid pathways related to Ceramide-Malate acid (Cer-SM), Lysophospholipid (LPs), and membrane function were established. Clinical values discovered included the role of Cer in maintaining the inflammatory internal environment, the modulation of procoagulant LPA by upstream fibrinolytic metabolites, and the role of PI and PC in predicting disease aggravation.     

Long COVID and its Management

The pandemic of COVID-19 is the biggest public health crisis in 21^st Century. Besides the acute symptoms after infection, patients and society are also being challenged by the long-term health complications associated with COVID-19, commonly known as long COVID. While health professionals work hard to find proper treatments, large amount of knowledge has been accumulated in recent years. In order to deal with long COVID efficiently, it is important for people to keep up with current progresses and take proactive actions on long COVID. For this purpose, this review will first introduce the general background of long COVID, and then discuss its risk factors, diagnostic indicators and management strategies. This review will serve as a useful resource for people to understand and prepare for long COVID that will be with us in the foreseeable future.     

Root developmental responses to phosphorus nutrition

Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Root system architecture (RSA) affects a plant's ability to obtain phosphate, the major form of phosphorus that plants uptake. In this review, I first consider the relationship between RSA and plant phosphorus-acquisition efficiency, describe how external phosphorus conditions both induce and impose changes in the RSA of major crops and of the model plant Arabidopsis, and discuss whether shoot phosphorus status affects RSA and whether there is a universal root developmental response across all plant species. I then summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing root developmental responses to phosphorus deficiency. I also explore the possible reasons for the inconsistent results reported by different research groups and comment on the relevance of some studies performed under laboratory conditions to what occurs in natural environments.