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101.
102.
J. T. Costa 《Theorie in den Biowissenschaften》2013,132(4):225-237
Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913) and Charles Darwin (1809–1882) are honored as the founders of modern evolutionary biology. Accordingly, much attention has focused on their relationship, from their independent development of the principle of natural selection to the receipt by Darwin of Wallace’s essay from Ternate in the spring of 1858, and the subsequent reading of the Wallace and Darwin papers at the Linnean Society on 1 July 1858. In the events of 1858 Wallace and Darwin are typically seen as central players, with Darwin’s friends Charles Lyell (1797–1875) and Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817–1911) playing supporting roles. This narrative has resulted in an under-appreciation of a more central role for Charles Lyell as both Wallace’s inspiration and foil. The extensive anti-transmutation arguments in Lyell’s landmark Principles of Geology were taken as the definitive statement on the subject. Wallace, in his quest to solve the mystery of species origins, engaged with Lyell’s arguments in his private field notebooks in a way that is concordant with his engagement with Lyell in the 1855 and 1858 papers. I show that Lyell was the object of Wallace’s Sarawak Law and Ternate papers through a consideration of the circumstances that led Wallace to send his Ternate paper to Darwin, together with an analysis of the material that Wallace drew upon from the Principles. In this view Darwin was, ironically, intended for a supporting role in mediating Wallace’s attempted dialog with Lyell. 相似文献
103.
早期人胚胎cDNA文库构建及目的基因筛选 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
收集受精后3、4和5周龄药物流产胚胎,用改良一步法提取总RNA,oligo(dT)纤维素柱纯化mRNA,逆转录合成一链cDNA,完成二链cDNA的合成后,经碱变性电泳检测,合成cDNA的大小为0.4~9.0kb之间,且主要集中在1.0~2.0kb。除去多余的接头,收集大于400bp的cDNA片段,与载体pSPORT1和和γZipLox连接,分别得到3、4、5周龄人胚胎质粒文加和噬菌体文库。另外,采 相似文献
104.
Pelletier L Ozlü N Hannak E Cowan C Habermann B Ruer M Müller-Reichert T Hyman AA 《Current biology : CB》2004,14(10):863-873
BACKGROUND: The centrosome is composed of a centriole pair and pericentriolar material (PCM). By marking the site of PCM assembly, the centrioles define the number of centrosomes present in the cell. The PCM, in turn, is responsible for the microtubule (MT) nucleation activity of centrosomes. Therefore, in order to assemble a functional bipolar mitotic spindle, a cell needs to control both centriole duplication and PCM recruitment. To date, however, the molecular mechanisms that govern these two processes still remain poorly understood. RESULTS: Here we show that SPD-2 is a novel component of the C. elegans centrosome. SPD-2 localizes to the centriole throughout the cell cycle and accumulates on the PCM during mitosis. We show that SPD-2 requires SPD-5 for its accumulation on the PCM and that in the absence of SPD-2, centrosome assembly fails. We further show that centriole duplication is also defective in spd-2(RNAi) embryos, but not in spd-5(RNAi) embryos, where PCM recruitment is efficiently blocked. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results suggest that SPD-2 may link PCM recruitment and centriole duplication in C. elegans. SPD-2 shares homology with a human centrosome protein, suggesting that this key component of the C. elegans centrosome is evolutionarily conserved. 相似文献
105.
106.
107.
多发性骨髓瘤细胞中一个表达上调基因的克隆与分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据GenBank收录的多发性骨髓瘤细胞株 (ARH 77)表达上调ESTAF4 2 5 30 0设计引物 ,运用RT PCR检测了 5例多发性骨髓瘤患者及 4例正常人骨髓细胞中该EST的表达水平 .Northern印迹杂交分析该EST在多种组织中的表达 .进一步利用该EST作探针 ,筛选ARH 77cDNA文库 ,获得全长cDNA克隆 ,对该序列进行了分析 .结果显示 ,该EST在多发性骨髓瘤患者骨髓细胞中亦有较高的表达 ,而在正常人骨髓细胞中低表达 .经测序证实 ,该cDNA全长为 4 5 2bp(GenBank收录号 :AF4 87338) .预测其编码一个 5 7个氨基酸的小分子量蛋白质 ,属于与DNA复制有关的解旋酶 引物酶基因家族的新成员 .该基因在多发性骨髓瘤细胞中表达上调 ,其表达水平的改变可能与多发性骨髓瘤的发生与发展有关 相似文献
108.
建立了纯化光合膜蛋白质复合体Cytb6f的新方法。与现有方法相比,新方法简单明了,只包括透析离心和用硫酸铵分级沉淀两个步骤,而且适于大批量制备。按此方法从菠菜叶绿体分离纯化的制剂含9.8nmolCytf·mg-1;SDSPAGE显示4条主要区带及1条低分子量区带,背景干净;Cytb6(b型血红素)∶Cytf=2∶1(mol∶mol),Chla∶Cytf=1∶1(mol∶mol);酶活性(PQ2H2→Cytc)80μmolCytc·nmolCytf-1·h-1左右;产率可达38%。 相似文献
109.
Summary The distribution patterns of peptide-containing neurons and endocrine cells were mapped in sections of oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine of the rabbit, by use of standard immunohistochemical techniques. Whole mounts of separated layers of ileum were similarly examined. Antibodies raised against vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP), somatostatin (SOM), neuropeptide Y (NPY), enkephalins (ENK) and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) were used, and for each of these antisera distinct populations of immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibres were observed. Endocrine cells were labelled by the SP, SOM or NPY antisera in some regions.VIP-IR nerve fibres were common in each layer throughout the gastrointestinal tract. With the exception of the oesophagus, GRP-IR nerve fibres also occurred in each layer of the gastrointestinal tract; they formed a particularly rich network in the mucosa of the stomach and small intestine. Fewer nerve fibres containing NPY-IR or SOM-IR were seen in all areas. SOM-IR nerve fibres were very scarce in the circular and longitudinal muscle layers of each area and were absent from the gastric mucosa. The SP-IR innervation of the external musculature and ganglionated plexuses in most regions was rather extensive, whereas the mucosa was only very sparsely innervated. ENK-IR nerve fibres were extremely rare or absent from the mucosa of all areas, although immunoreactive nerve fibres were found in other layers.These studies illustrate the differences in distribution patterns of peptide-containing nerve fibres and endocrine cells along the gastrointestinal tract of the rabbit and also show that there are some marked differences in these patterns, in comparison with other mammalian species. 相似文献
110.
蛋白质核心设计的序列组合文库筛选方法 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
本文提出一种新的蛋白质序列组合文库筛选方法,异型自系统最优法,用于从头设计蛋白质核心。经λ-阻遏蛋白、噬菌体434CRO蛋白、白介素-4、硫氧还蛋白、泛肽等的检验,表明此方法用于从头设计蛋白质的核心是可行的。 相似文献