WIREWORM POPULATIONS IN RELATION TO CROP PRODUCTION: IV. POPULATION CHANGES DURING A BARE FALLOW

Changes in wireworm populations during a bare fallow were studied on twenty-three fields in 1943 and 1944. In every case populations were much reduced, sometimes to less than 10% of the original level. Wireworms of all sizes were affected, but the larvae less than 5 mm. in length were practically eliminated from the populations.
Evidence is presented that the reduction achieved is greater in fields ploughed in February and March than in fields ploughed in May.
As the populations in the grass 'controls' decline during the same period the entire reduction cannot be attributed to the fallow. The reduction in the bare fallow, however, differs from that in the controls in that it is permanent and continues through the autumn when the counts on the 'controls' are rising.
The practical implications of the results are discussed.     

Effect of ciprofloxacin on steady state pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in rabbits.

Present study was undertaken to determine if an interaction exists during co-administration of ciprofloxacin with phenytoin. Eight healthy male rabbits received oral phenytoin, 40 mg/kg, od, for 7 days. On day 7, phenytoin blood sampling was done at times 0, 0.1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 24 hr. From day 8 to 14, phenytoin was co-administered with oral ciprofloxacin, 70 mg/kg, od. On day 14, blood samples were collected as previously described. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed significant decrease in steady state maximum concentration (Cmax), through concentration (Cmin), elimination half life (t 1/2 e) and the area under plasma time concentration curve (AUC0-24) of phenytoin when co-administered with ciprofloxacin. It warrants close monitoring of levels when these two agents are given simultaneously.     

Saprophytic occurrence of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum gypseum in the coats of healthy laboratory animals

A group of 199 healthy laboratory animals, comprising 63 guinea pigs; 58 white mice. 47 rats and 31 rabbits, was sampled for the presence of pathogenic dermatophytes. T. mentagrophytes, var. granulare, was isolated in 10% (5-guinea pigs, 6 mice, 6 rats and 2 rabbits) and M. gypseum was found in 7 animals (3 guinea pigs, 3 mice and one rat). No ringworm lesions were observed in the respective animals. This is the first report on such findings in Israel.     

THE USE OF TOXIC POLYNITRO DERIVATIVES IN PEST CONTROL

3:5-Dinitro- ortho -cresol ( d.n.c. ) and stock emulsions of this substance in petroleum oil are available commercially and winter washes based on d.n.c. -petroleum are becoming increasingly popular with the fruit grower. These washes can replace the separate application of tar and of petroleum-oil emulsions, while the risk of bud injury which attends the use of combined tar-petroleum washes is avoided (Kearns & Martin, 1941). In view of the increasing importance of d.n.c. the chemistry of this substance becomes of interest and further, suitable methods of analysis, both for the compound itself and as a constituent of oil emulsions, are urgently required. In this paper a number of molecular compounds and derivatives of d.n.c. , and two simple methods of analysis are described. The application of the methods to the estimation of d.n.c. in compounded products will be communicated at a later date.