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161.
Valentine Trotter Daniel Vinella Laurent Loiseau Sandrine Ollagnier De Choudens Marc Fontecave Frédéric Barras 《Molecular microbiology》2009,74(6):1527-1542
Cysteine desulphurases are primary sources of sulphur that can eventually be used for Fe/S biogenesis or thiolation of various cofactors and tRNA. Escherichia coli contains three such enzymes, IscS, SufS and CsdA. The importance of IscS and SufS in Fe/S biogenesis is well established. The physiological role of CsdA in contrast remains uncertain. We provide here additional evidences for a functional redundancy between the three cysteine desulphurases in vivo. In particular, we show that a deficiency in isoprenoid biosynthesis is the unique cause of the lethality of the iscS sufS mutant. Moreover, we show that CsdA is engaged in two separate sulphur transfer pathways. In one pathway, CsdA interacts functionally with SufE–SufBCD proteins to assist Fe/S biogenesis. In another pathway, CsdA interacts with CsdE and a newly discovered protein, which we called CsdL, resembling E1‐like proteins found in ubiquitin‐like modification systems. We propose this new pathway to allow synthesis of an as yet to be discovered thiolated compound. 相似文献
162.
163.
Krief S Huffman MA Sévenet T Hladik CM Grellier P Loiseau PM Wrangham RW 《American journal of primatology》2006,68(1):51-71
We measured the biological activities of a selected sample (84 crude extracts) of 24 species eaten by wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in the Kibale National Park, western Uganda, to assess their potential chemotherapeutic values. Antibacterial, antimalarial, and/or antileishmania activities were observed in some crude extracts, and five of these extracts showed a significant cytotoxicity against human tumor cells. Active compounds isolated from three plant parts occasionally ingested by chimpanzees (Diospyros abyssinica (Ebenaceae) bark, Uvariopsis congensis (Annonaceae) leaves, and Trichilia rubescens (Meliaceae) leaves) showed highly significant medicinal properties. Two novel antiparasitic limonoids were isolated from Trichilia rubescens and their molecular structures were determined. In addition to elucidating the natural equilibrium maintained between hosts and pathogens, our investigation of the diet of wild chimpanzees may serve as a guideline to discovering plants with bioactive properties that should be preserved from destruction because of their health maintenance value for great ape populations. 相似文献
164.
Perennial ryegrass swards were grown in large containers on a soil and were exposed during two years to elevated (700 L L-1) or ambient atmospheric CO2 concentration at outdoor temperature and to a 3 °C increase in air temperature in elevated CO2. The nitrogen nutrition of the grass sward was studied at two sub-optimal (160 and 530 kg N ha-1 y-1) and one non-limiting (1000 kg N ha-1 y-1) N fertilizer supplies. At cutting date, elevated CO2 reduced by 25 to 33%, on average, the leaf N concentration per unit mass. Due to an increase in the leaf blade weight per unit area in elevated CO2, this decline did not translate for all cuts in a lower N concentration per unit leaf blade area. With the non-limiting N fertilizer supply, the leaf N concentration (% N) declined with the shoot dry-matter (DM) according to highly significant power models in ambient (% N=4.9 DM-0.38) and in elevated (%N=5.3 DM-0.52) CO2. The difference between both regressions was significant and indicated a lower critical leaf N concentration in elevated than in ambient CO2 for high, but not for low values of shoot biomass. With the sub-optimal N fertilizer supplies, the nitrogen nutrition index of the grass sward, calculated as the ratio of the actual to the critical leaf N concentration, was significantly lowered in elevated CO2. This indicated a lower inorganic N availability for the grass plants in elevated CO2, which was also apparent from the significant declines in the annual nitrogen yield of the grass sward and in the nitrate leaching during winter. For most cuts, the harvested fraction of the plant dry-matter decreased in elevated CO2 due, on average, to a 45–52% increase in the root phytomass. In the same way, a smaller share of the plant total nitrogen was harvested by cutting, due, on average, to a 25–41% increase in the N content of roots. The annual means of the DM and N harvest indices were highly correlated to the annual means of the nitrogen nutrition index. Changes in the harvest index and in the nitrogen nutrition index between ambient and elevated CO2 were also positively correlated. The possible implication of changes in the soil introgen cycle and of a limitation in the shoot growth potential of the grass in elevated. CO2 is discussed.Abbreviations 350
outdoor climate
- 700
outdoor climate +350 L L-1[CO2]
- 700+
outdoor climate +350 L L-1 (CO2) and +3 °C
- N--
low N fertilizer supply
- N+
high N fertilizer supply
- N++
non-limiting N fertilizer supply
- DM
dry-matter 相似文献
165.
Tournaire-Arellano C Hage SY Valès P Caujolle R Sanon A Bories C Loiseau PM 《Carbohydrate research》1998,314(1-2):47-63
Ureido and thioureido derivatives of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucose, 1-amino-1-deoxy-D-glucitol and 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol were prepared as N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase (NAHase) inhibitors and were evaluated on Trichomonas vaginalis NAHase. Although none showed complete inhibition of the enzyme at 100 microM, 1-amino-1-deoxy-D-glucitol derivatives acted as competitive inhibitors of the NAHase of T. vaginalis. 相似文献
166.
The phospholipid analogue miltefosine or hexadecylphosphocholine (HePC) is a drug of high interest in the treatment for fatal visceral leishmaniasis (VL) due to Leishmania donovani particularly because of its activity by oral route. In this study, the interaction of HePC with a monolayer of β-palmitoyl-γ-oleyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) as membrane model or sterol (ergosterol or cholesterol) was investigated. At a constant pressure of 25 mN/m, the adsorption kinetics of HePC into the monolayers showed that HePC molecules are inserted into the monolayer of lipids as monomers until the critical micellar concentration (CMC). At HePC concentrations superior to the CMC, the micelles of HePC are deployed at the interface as groups of monomers into the POPC or sterol monolayer. The study of mixture of HePC/(POPC or sterol), spread at the air-water interface, shows that a simple miscibility between HePC and POPC is observed, whereas a high condensation appears between HePC and sterols showing a high affinity between HePC and sterols. In addition, HePC does not act as detergent disturbing membrane integrity. 相似文献
167.
Torrence PF Fan X Zhang X Loiseau PM 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2006,16(19):5047-5051
The following structurally diverse 5-substituted-2'-deoxyuridine nucleosides displayed potent in vitro antileishmanial activity: 5-formyl, 5-(2,2,-dicyanovinyl)-, 5-(2-cyano-2-ethoxycarbonylvinyl), 5-(2-cyano-2-methoxycarbonylvinyl)-, 5-(2-amino-3-cyano-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromen-4-yl)- and related congeners, and the 5-(3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazol-4-ylidene) group. 相似文献
168.
T. Franson S. Bardet C. Loiseau O. Switsers D. Allouache N. Allouache K. Gunzer N. Aide 《Médecine Nucléaire》2008,32(5):273-280
AimTo evaluate the usefulness of a low dose SPECT/CT and the added value of an additional “diagnostic” centred CT-scan in cancer patients with a solitary focus observed on planar whole-body bone scintigraphy (PWBS) and classified as indeterminate or suspicious.Material and methodsSixty consecutive patients underwent a low dose SPECT/CT acquisition (120 kV, 30 mAs, 3 mm slice thickness) followed by a “diagnostic” CT-scan (120 kV, 100 mAs, 1.25 mm slice thickness) centred on the focus. The first observer considered prospectively WBS, low-dose SPECT/CT and finally the centred SPECT/CT. A blinded review was performed by a second observer.ResultsPWBS depicted solitary indeterminate or suspicious foci in 38 and 22 patients, respectively. SPECT/CT acquisitions clarified 73% (44/60) of the foci. Additional diagnostic CT-scan altered low-dose SPECT/CT results in nine patients. Additional foci (not found by PWBS) located outside the scanning area of the centred diagnostic CT-scan were found in 20 patients. Inter observer agreement for PWBS, low-dose SPECT/CT and diagnostic SPECT/CT was equal to 0.542, 0.68 and 0.694, respectively. ROC analysis showed no difference between low-dose SPECT/CT and diagnostic SPECT/CT for observer 1 and observer 2.ConclusionThis study shows that a conventional low-dose SPECT/CT in patients presenting with a solitary focus on PWBS is sufficient to improve both accuracy and inter observer variability of bone scanning. A CT volume session should not be limited to the area of the solitary focus since additional foci located outside the centred CT-scan frequently occurred. 相似文献
169.
We report herein the synthesis and the in vitro antileishmanial evaluation of 5-substituted-2'-deoxyuridine nucleosides. The most active compound against Leishmania donovani promastigotes was Thia-dU (3a) with an IC50 =3 microM. This compound exhibited the same activity as zidovudine (3'-azido-2'-deoxythymidine) used as nucleoside reference compound. Considering the cytotoxicity of synthetic compounds on peritoneal murine macrophages, the most toxic compound was MeThio-dU (3d) with a MTC at 10 microM. Only Methia-dU (3b) was active against intramacrophagic amastigotes with an IC50 =6.5 microM. This latter can now be evaluated in vivo, for further investigations through structure-based drug design. 相似文献
170.
Ollagnier-de Choudens S Nachin L Sanakis Y Loiseau L Barras F Fontecave M 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2003,278(20):17993-18001
SufA is a component of the recently discovered suf operon, which has been shown to play an important function in bacteria during iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis and resistance to oxidative stress. The SufA protein from Erwinia chrysanthemi, a Gram-negative plant pathogen, has been purified to homogeneity and characterized. It is a homodimer with the ability to assemble rather labile [2Fe-2S] and [4Fe-4S] clusters as shown by M?ssbauer spectroscopy. These clusters can be transferred to apoproteins such as ferredoxin or biotin synthase during a reaction that is not inhibited by bathophenanthroline, an iron chelator. Cluster assembly in these proteins is much more efficient when iron and sulfur are provided by holoSufA than by free iron sulfate and sodium sulfide. We propose the function of SufA is that of a scaffold protein for [Fe-S] cluster assembly and compare it to IscA, a member of the isc operon also involved in cluster biosynthesis in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Mechanistic and physiological implications of these results are also discussed. 相似文献