几种念珠菌DNA总含量的流式细胞分析

应用流式细胞术(FCM)对处于稳定生长阶段的念珠菌属(Candida)的7种8株念珠菌进行了DNA总含量的流式细胞(FCM)分析。这8株念珠菌是:白念珠菌(C.albicans)2株,热带念珠菌(C.tropicalis),克柔念珠菌(C.krusei),近平滑念珠菌(C.parapsiolosis),乳酒念珠菌(C.kefyr),白念珠菌星形变种(C.stellatoidea),即血清B型白念珠菌,季也蒙念珠菌(C.guilliermondii)各一株。应用EB一步插入法染色,用鸡红细胞(CRBC)作为内参标准进行DNA总含量测定。分析结果表明:稳定生长阶段的组方图上,大多数念珠菌细胞处于DNA合成周期的G_0/G_1期;DNA总含量有明显的种间和种内差异。     

Long-term exposure to a continuous 900 MHz electromagnetic field disrupts cerebellar morphology in young adult male rats

The pathological effects of exposure to an electromagnetic field (EMF) during childhood and adolescence may be greater than those from exposure during adulthood. We investigated possible pathological changes in the cerebellum of adolescent rats exposed to 900 MHz EMF daily for 25 days. We used three groups of six 21-day-old male rats as follows: unexposed control group (Non-EG), sham-exposed group (Sham-EG) and an EMF-exposed group (EMF-EG). EMF-EG rats were exposed to EMF in an EMF cage for 1 h daily from postnatal days 21 through 46. Sham-EG rats were placed in the EMF cage for 1 h daily, but were not subjected to EMF. No procedures were performed on the Non-EG rats. The cerebellums of all animals were removed on postnatal day 47, sectioned and stained with cresyl violet for histopathological and stereological analyses. We found significantly fewer Purkinje cells in the EMF-EG group than in the Non-EG and Sham-EG groups. Histopathological evaluation revealed alteration of normal Purkinje cell arrangement and pathological changes including intense staining of neuron cytoplasm in the EMF-EG group. We found that exposure to continuous 900 MHz EMF for 1 h/day during adolescence can disrupt cerebellar morphology and reduce the number of Purkinje cells in adolescent rats.     

周期型马来丝虫微丝蚴寿命的观察

将实验感染周期型马来丝虫的长爪沙鼠的微丝蚴蚴阳性腹腔稀释液,移注于正常沙鼠腹腔内,微丝蚴除能在腹腔内长期生存外,还可出现于外周血液中,其在外周血液内末次阳性检出时间最长可超过32周,在腹腔液内末次阳性检出时间最长为77周,故马来微丝蚴在沙鼠外周血液中的最长寿命不短于7.5月,而在腹腔液内的最长寿命可超过1.5年以上。     

Comparing global models of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP): importance of vegetation structure on seasonal NPP estimates

Estimates of the seasonal absorbed fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) and net primary productivity (NPP) are compared among four production efficiency models (PEMs) and seven terrestrial biosphere models simulating canopy development. In addition, the simulated FPARs of the models are compared to the FASIR-FPAR derived from NOAA-AVHRR satellite observations. All models reproduce observed summergreen phenology of temperate deciduous forests rather well, but perform less well for raingreen phenology of savannas. Some models estimate a much longer active canopy in savannas than indicated by satellite observations. As a result, these models estimate high negative monthly NPP during the dry season. For boreal and tropical evergreen ecosystems, several models overestimate LAI and FPAR. When the simulated canopy does respond to unfavourable periods, the seasonal NPP is largely determined by absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR). When the simulated canopy does not respond to unfavourable periods, the light use efficiency (LUE) influences the seasonal NPP more. However, the relative importance of APAR and LUE can change seasonally.     

The status of the otter (L. lutra L.) in Britain in 1977

Two surveys based on otter hunt records showed a 40% fall in the otter population 1957–1967, arrested and in places reversed by 1971 save in the central Midlands. The possible causes of that decline and of its apparent continuation in the Midlands are discussed. While accepting those two surveys most conservationists have since then refused to accept or consider any evidence from otter hunts: the writer does not. Reports of the presence of otters by naturalists are shown plotted on a map and suggest that they are present in sufficient numbers and at a sufficient density over the whole of Great Britain, save the central Midlands, to ensure a recovery to the pre-1960 density. Positive evidence found by hunts in a number of places in which naturalists had found none suggest that negative evidence should be accepted with caution.     

International guide to prescribing psychotropic medication for the management of problem behaviours in adults with intellectual disabilities

Psychotropic medications are used regularly to manage problem behaviours among people with intellectual disabilities. This causes concern because often these medications are used out of their licensed indications in this context. The WPA Section on Psychiatry of Intellectual Disability has recently developed an evidence and consensus-based international guide for practitioners for the use of psychotropic medications for problem behaviours among adults with intellectual disabilities. This guide advises on assessment of behaviours, producing a formulation, initiation of treatment, assessment of out-come and adverse effects, follow-up arrangements, and possibility of discontinuation of treatment.     

OBSERVATIONS ON NOCTULE BATS (NYCTALUS NOCTULA) CAPTURED WHILE FEEDING

In the summer and early autumn of 1960, 1961 and 1962, noctule bats flying low, taking house crickets as these flew from a municipal rubbish tip, were captured in mist nets, ringed, released and in many cases recaptured a number of times. The flying bats showed no fear of human beings or predatory birds and did not learn to avoid the net. In June and July of each year the majority of bats caught were adult females, the flying young of the year first appearing in August though some did not fly until September and October. Young males did not reach sexual maturity in the year of their birth, though five out of fourteen females recaptured at a year old did. There was a considerable movement of adult males in the late summer, adult bats being captured in approximately equal numbers of both sexes during August and September. In October the females seemed to disappear, the majority of the bats caught during that month being males: by November the crickets had ceased to fly and no more bats could be captured though a few wero still flying on warm nights. There was a marked difference in feeding behaviour over these three years, the bats concentrating more on crickets in 1960 than in 1961 and 1962. Though the differences are not statistically significant there were indications of an increase in body weight between July and October in the years when less cricket feeding was occurring. About 50 per cent of the females captured in each of the years 1960 and 1961 were recaptured feeding on the same site in the following year: the recovery rate of males was about 30 per cent in 1961, 60 per cent in 1962.     

HIV risk behaviors among outpatients with severe mental illness in Rio de Janeiro,Brazil

We conducted the first study to examine rates of sexual activity, sexual risk behaviors, sexual protective behaviors, injection drug use (IDU), needle sharing, and knowledge about HIV/AIDS among outpatients with severe mental illness (SMI) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Using a measure with demonstrated reliability, we found that 42% of 98 patients engaged in vaginal or anal sex within the past three months. Comorbid substance use disorder was significantly associated with sexual activity. Only 22% of sexually active patients used condoms consistently, despite having better HIV knowledge than those who were sexually abstinent. Overall, 45% of patients reported not engaging in any HIV protective behaviors. There were no reports of drug injection. Adults with SMI in Brazil are in need of efficacious HIV prevention programs and policies that can sustain these programs within mental health treatment settings.