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121.
TRAIL signalling: decisions between life and death 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Falschlehner C Emmerich CH Gerlach B Walczak H 《The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology》2007,39(7-8):1462-1475
The TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, TRAIL, has been shown to selectively kill tumour cells. This property has made TRAIL and agonistic antibodies against its death inducing receptors (TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2) to some of the most promising novel biotherapeutic agents for cancer therapy. Here we review the signalling pathways initiated by the apoptosis- as well as the non-apoptosis-inducing receptors, TRAIL-R3 and TRAIL-R4. The TRAIL "death-inducing signalling complex" (DISC) transmits the apoptotic signal. DISC formation leads to activation of a protease cascade, finally resulting in cell death. The TRAIL death receptor-mediated "extrinsic" pathway and the "intrinsic" pathway, which is controlled by the interaction of members of the Bcl-2 family, interact with each other in the decision about life or death of a cell. Apoptotic and non-apoptotic signalling is influenced by the NF-kappaB, PKB/Akt and the MAPK signalling pathways. In this review we intend to summarise the most important findings on the TRAIL signalling network and the interplay in the decisions between life and death of a tumor cell. 相似文献
122.
Véronique Picard Jian-Min Chen Brigitte Tardy Marie-Françoise Aillaud Christine Boiteux-Vergnes Marie Dreyfus Joseph Emmerich Cécile Lavenu-Bombled Ulrike Nowak-Göttl Nathalie Trillot Martine Aiach Martine Alhenc-Gelas 《Human genetics》2010,127(1):45-53
Methods routinely used for investigating the molecular basis of antithrombin (AT) deficiency do not detect large SERPINC1 rearrangements. Between 2000 and 2008, 86 probands suspected of having AT-inherited type I deficiency were screened for SERPINC1 mutations in our laboratory. Mutations causally linked to the deficiency were identified by sequencing analysis in 63 probands. We present here results of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis performed in 22 of the 23 remaining probands, in whom sequencing had revealed no mutation. Large deletions, present at the heterozygous state, were detected in 10 patients: whole gene deletions in 5 and partial deletions removing either exon 6 (n = 2), exons 1–2 (n = 1) or exons 5–7 (n = 2) in 5 others. Exon 6 partial deletions are a 2,769-bp deletion and a 1,892-bp deletion associated with a 10-bp insertion, both having 5′ and/or 3′ breakpoints located within Alu repeat elements. In addition, we identified the 5′ breakpoint of a previously reported deletion of exons 1–2 within an extragenic Alu repeat. Distinct mutational mechanisms explaining these Alu sequence-related deletions are proposed. Overall, in this series, large deletions detected by MLPA explain almost half of otherwise unexplained type I AT-inherited deficiency cases. 相似文献
123.
Ultraviolet-Induced Cross-Links in the Deoxyribonucleic Acid of Single-Stranded Deoxyribonucleic Acid Viruses as a Probe of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Packaging
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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated phiX174 sediments in alkali at rates up to 1.7 times that of unirradiated phiX174 DNA and is observed as a condensed, cross-linked structure when examined in the electron microscope by the formamide spreading technique. This structure appears to result from multiple cross-links induced in the tightly coiled DNA contained within the spherical phiX174 capsid. In contrast, the DNA extracted after UV irradiation of the filamentous bacteriophage M13 is not strikingly altered in its sedimentation properties and appears by electron microscopy to be rod-shaped as a result of side-to-side association of the circular DNA. The differences in these UV-induced structures reflect the differences in the packaging of the single-stranded DNA in the two virions. 相似文献
124.
Die zeitliche Dauer der Isocitrat-Lyase-Synthese in Kotyledonen von Wassermelonenkeimlingen 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bertold Hock 《Planta》1970,93(1):26-38
Summary Previously, it was deduced from inhibitor experiments that isocitrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.1.) is synthesized de novo in watermelon cotyledons during the first 3 days of germination, which explains the sharp increase of activity during this period. The following decrease of activity was interpreted as the result of a limited half life of the enzyme molecule (Hock and Beevers, 1966).This hypothesis has been confirmed now by density labeling experiments of isocitrate lyase with deuterium. Seedlings grown from day 0 on D2O (80 vol. %) contained a heavier enzyme at the time of maximum activity than control seedlings grown on H2O (Fig. 6). No incorporation of deuterium into isocitrate lyase, however, was detectable when the cotyledons were labeled only from day 3 1/2 on, i.e. after the stage of maximum activity had been passed (Fig. 10), in spite of the fact that D2O was taken up from the cotyledons in considerable quantities. —These results prove at the same time that density labeling of the isocitrate lyase during early stages of germination was a result of de novo synthesis rather than a mere artifact produced by isotopic exchange.An improved method for the purification of isocitrate lyase from higher plants is introduced. 相似文献
125.
126.
Gerd Gellissen Esther Wajc Efraim Cohen Hans Emmerich Shalom W. Applebaum J. Flossdorf 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1976,108(3):287-301
1. | A simple and rapid method is described for the isolation and purification of oocyte vitellin ofLocusta migratoria. The isolated protein has been shown to be homogenous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, sedimentation analysis and in the Ouchterlony test. |
2. | The yolk protein stains with Sudan black and lipid crimson, it reacts with the PAS-reagent and is thus a lipo-glycoprotein. Its isoelectric point is at pH 6.9. At neutral pH the protein is poorly soluble in solutions of low ionic strength, but is easily soluble at alkaline pH. At neutral or acidic pH the yolk protein tends to aggregate to a dimer and a trimer. |
3. | The amino acid composition shows a high content of aspartic and glutamic acid or their amides and a low percentage of sulphur containing amino acids. As N-terminal amino acids alanine and aspartic acid are found. |
4. | The yolk protein consists of several non-identical subunits. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulphate subunits of 55,000, 65,000, 110,000, 120,000 and 130,000 Daltons are found. The molecular weight was determined to 530,000±30,000 Daltons, the sedimentation coefficient ass 20,w=16.3±0.02 (corrected). The frictional ratio isf/f 0=1.105, the molar extinction coefficient at 280 nm is 4.2×105 (=0.91 per mg protein). |
127.
J. A. Zoladz A. J. Sargeant J. Emmerich J. Stoklosa A. Zychowski 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1993,67(1):71-76
Four top-class runners who regularly performed marathon and long-distance races participated in this study. They performed a graded field test on an artificial running track within a few weeks of a competitive marathon. The test consisted of five separate bouts of running. Each period lasted 6 min with an intervening 2-min rest bout during which arterialized capillary blood samples were taken. Blood was analysed for pH, partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide (P02 and PCO2) and lactate concentration ([la–]b). The values of base excess (BE) and bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3
–]) were calculated. The exercise intensity during the test was regulated by the runners themselves. The subjects were asked to perform the first bout of running at a constant heart rate f
c which was 50 beats · min–1 below their own maximal f
c. Every subsequent bout, each of which lasted 6 min, was performed with an increment of 10 beats · min–1 as the target f
c. Thus the last, the fifth run, was planned to be performed with fc amounting to 10 beats · min–1 less than their maximal f
c. The results from these runners showed that the blood pH changed very little in the bouts performed at a running speed below 100% of mean marathon velocity (
m). However, once
mwas exceeded, there were marked changes in acid-base status. In the bouts performed at a velocity above the
mthere was a marked increase in [la–]b and a significant decrease in pH, [HCO3
–], BE and PCO2. The average marathon velocity (
m) was 18.46 (SD 0.32) km·h–1. The [la–]b at a mean running velocity of 97.1 (SD 0.8) % of
mwas 2.33 (SD 1.33) mmol ·l–1 which, compared with a value at rest of 1.50 (SD 0.60) mmol·l–1, was not significantly higher. However, when running velocity exceeded the vm by only 3.6 (SD 1.9) %, the [la–]b increased to 6.94 (SD 2.48) mmol·l-1 (P<0.05 vs rest). We concluded from our study that the highest running velocity at which the blood pH still remained constant in relation to the value at rest and the speed of the run at which [la–]b began to increase significantly above the value at rest is a sensitive indicator of capacity for marathon running. 相似文献
128.
Alex Odermatt Peter E.M. Taschner Stephen W. Scherer Barbara Beatty Vijay K. Khanna David R. Cornblath Vinay Chaudhry Won-Chee Yee Bertold Schrank George Karpati Martijn H. Breuning Nine Knoers David H. Maclennan 《Genomics》1997,45(3):541
Sarcolipin (SLN) is a low-molecular-weight protein that copurifies with the fast-twitch skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ATPase (SERCA1). Genomic DNA and cDNA encoding human sarcolipin (SLN) were isolated and characterized and theSLNgene was mapped to chromosome 11q22–q23. Human, rabbit, and mouse cDNAs encode a protein of 31 amino acids. Homology of SLN with phospholamban (PLN) suggests that the first 7 hydrophilic amino acids are cytoplasmic, the next 19 hydrophobic amino acids form a single transmembrane helix, and the last 5 hydrophilic amino acids are lumenal. The cytoplasmic and transmembrane sequences are not well conserved among the three species, but the lumenal sequence is highly conserved. Like SERCA1, SLN is highly expressed in rabbit fast-twitch skeletal muscle, but it is expressed to a lower extent in slow-twitch muscle and to an even lower extent in cardiac muscle, where SERCA2a and PLN are highly expressed. It is expressed in only trace amounts in pancreas and prostate.SLNandPLNgenes resemble each other in having two small exons, with their entire coding sequences lying in exon 2 and a large intron separating the two segments. Brody disease is an inherited disorder of skeletal muscle function, characterized by exercise-induced impairment of muscle relaxation. Mutations in theATP2A1gene encoding SERCA1 have been associated with the autosomal recessive inheritance of Brody disease in three families, but not with autosomal dominant inheritance of the disease. A search for mutations in theSLNgene in five Brody families, four of which were not linked toATP2A1,did not reveal any alterations in coding, splice junction or promoter sequences. The homozygous deletion of C438 in the coding sequence ofATP2A1in Brody disease family 3, leading to a frameshift and truncation following Pro147in SERCA1, is the fourthATP2A1mutation to be associated with autosomal recessive Brody disease. 相似文献
129.
Effect of polyethylene glycol exclusion on the water potential of solution-saturated filter paper 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
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Solutions of high molecular weight polyethylene glycol are often used to control water potential in seed germination studies. There is an implicit assumption that the seed support materials do not alter the water potential of the osmotic solution. Filter paper, however, contains a hydrophylic volume fraction that is inaccessible to high molecular weight polymers. Water absorbed by filter paper fibers was found to concentrate polyethylene glycol and lower water potential in solution-filter paper mixtures. The magnitude of this concentration effect is a function of the original concentration of polyethylene glycol and the ratio of solution volume to filter paper weight. 相似文献
130.
SYFPEITHI: database for MHC ligands and peptide motifs 总被引:97,自引:14,他引:83
The first version of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) databank SYFPEITHI: database for MHC ligands and peptide
motifs, is now available to the general public. It contains a collection of MHC class I and class II ligands and peptide motifs
of humans and other species, such as apes, cattle, chicken, and mouse, for example, and is continuously updated. All motifs
currently available are accessible as individual entries. Searches for MHC alleles, MHC motifs, natural ligands, T-cell epitopes,
source proteins/organisms and references are possible. Hyperlinks to the EMBL and PubMed databases are included. In addition,
ligand predictions are available for a number of MHC allelic products. The database content is restricted to published data
only. 相似文献