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21.
Erickson RP Kiela M Garver WS Krishnan K Heidenreich RA 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2001,284(2):326-330
It remains controversial whether deficiency of the Niemann-Pick C1 (npc1) protein results in altered cholesterol signaling at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In this report, we have measured the processed, nuclear form of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1 in livers of npc1 wild-type, heterozygous, and homozygous deficient mice, alone, and in combination with deficiencies of the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) or the multiple drug resistant (mdr)1a, P-glycoprotein. Cleavage of SREBPs to activated forms normally occurs when the ER is deficient in cholesterol. A large decrease in processed SREBP-1 was evident in fasted npc1(-/-) mice and npc1(-/-), mdr1a(-/-) mice, with no decrease evident in npc1(-/-), LDLR(-/-) mice. These results suggest that the increase in cellular cholesterol which occurs in npc1(-/-) and in npc1(-/-), mdr1a(-/-) mice includes the sites responsible for cholesterol signaling, while the similar increase in cholesterol found in npc1(-/-), LDLR(-/-) mice does not. 相似文献
22.
The protonmotive force in several sulfate-reducing bacteria has been determined by means of radiolabelled membrane-permeant probes (tetraphenyl-phosphonium cation, TPP+, for , and benzoate for pH). In six of ten freshwater strains tested only the pH gradient could be determine, while the membrane potential was not accessible due to nonspecific binding of TPP+. The protonmotive force of the other four strains was between –110 and –155 mV, composed of a membrane potential of –80 to –140 mV and a pH gradient between 0.25 and 0.8 (inside alkaline) at pHout=7. In Desulfobulbus propionicus the pH gradient decreased with rising external pH values. This decrease, however, was compensated by an increasing membrane potential. Sulfate, which can be highly accumulated by the cells, did not affect the protonmotive force, if added in concentrations of up to 4 mM. The highest sulfate accumulation observed (2500-fold), which occurred at external sulfate concentrations below 5 M, could be explained by a symport of three protons per sulfate, if equilibrium with the protonmotive force was assumed. At higher sulfate concentrations the accumulation decreased and suggested an electroneutral symport of two protons per sulfate. At sulfate concentrations above 500 M, the cells stopped sulfate uptake before reaching an equilibrium with the protonmotive force.Abbreviations CCCP
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone
- MOPS
morpholinopropanesulfonic acid
- TPP+
tetraphenylphosphonium cation
- EDTA
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- pH
transmembrane pH gradient (pHin-pHout)
-
transmembrane electrical potential difference 相似文献
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Raffaele Teperino Sabine Amann Martina Bayer Sean L. McGeeAndrea Loipetzberger Timothy ConnorCarsten Jaeger Bernd KammererLilli Winter Gerhard WicheKevin Dalgaard Madhan SelvarajMichael Gaster Robert S. Lee-YoungMark A. Febbraio Claude KnaufPatrice D. Cani Fritz AbergerJosef M. Penninger J. Andrew Pospisilik Harald Esterbauer 《Cell》2012,151(2):414-426
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Gesslbauer B Poljak A Handwerker C Schüler W Schwendenwein D Weber C Lundberg U Meinke A Kungl AJ 《Proteomics》2012,12(6):845-858
The versatility of the surface of Borrelia, the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis, is very important in host-pathogen interactions allowing bacteria to survive in ticks and to persist in a mammalian environment. To identify the surface proteome of Borrelia, we have performed a large comparative proteomic analysis on the three most important pathogenic Borrelia species, namely B. burgdorferi (strain B31), B. afzelii (strain K78), and B. garinii (strain PBi). Isolation of membrane proteins was performed by using three different approaches: (i) a detergent-based fractionation of outer membrane proteins; (ii) a trypsin-based partial shedding of outer cell surface proteins; (iii) biotinylation of membrane proteins and preparation of the biotin-labelled fraction using streptavidin. Proteins derived from the detergent-based fractionation were further sub-fractionated by heparin affinity chromatography since heparin-like molecules play an important role for microbial entry into human cells. All isolated proteins were analysed using either a gel-based liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS technique or by two-dimensional (2D)-LC-MS/MS resulting in the identification of 286 unique proteins. Ninety seven of these were found in all three Borrelia species, representing potential targets for a broad coverage vaccine for the prevention of Lyme borreliosis caused by the different Borrelia species. 相似文献
29.
Measurement of Monosaccharides and Conversion of Glucose to Acetate in Anoxic Rice Field Soil 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Degradation of glucose has been implicated in acetate production in rice field soil, but the abundance of glucose, the temporal change of glucose turnover, and the relationship between glucose and acetate catabolism are not well understood. We therefore measured the pool sizes of glucose and acetate in rice field soil and investigated the turnover of [U-14C]glucose and [2-14C]acetate. Acetate accumulated up to about 2 mM during days 5 to 10 after flooding of the soil. Subsequently, methanogenesis started and the acetate concentration decreased to about 100 to 200 μM. Glucose always made up >50% of the total monosaccharides detected. Glucose concentrations decreased during the first 10 days from 90 μM initially to about 3 μM after 40 days of incubation. With the exception at day 0 when glucose consumption was slow, the glucose turnover time was in the range of minutes, while the acetate turnover time was in the range of hours. Anaerobic degradation of [U-14C]glucose released [14C]acetate and 14CO2 as the main products, with [14C]acetate being released faster than 14CO2. The products of [2-14C]acetate metabolism, on the other hand, were 14CO2 during the reduction phase of soil incubation (days 0 to 15) and 14CH4 during the methanogenic phase (after day 15). Except during the accumulation period of acetate (days 5 to 10), approximately 50 to 80% of the acetate consumed was produced from glucose catabolism. However, during the accumulation period of acetate, the rate of acetate production from glucose greatly exceeded that of acetate consumption. Under steady-state conditions, up to 67% of the CH4 was produced from acetate, of which up to 56% was produced from glucose degradation. 相似文献
30.
RAGE mediates amyloid-beta peptide transport across the blood-brain barrier and accumulation in brain 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
Deane R Du Yan S Submamaryan RK LaRue B Jovanovic S Hogg E Welch D Manness L Lin C Yu J Zhu H Ghiso J Frangione B Stern A Schmidt AM Armstrong DL Arnold B Liliensiek B Nawroth P Hofman F Kindy M Stern D Zlokovic B 《Nature medicine》2003,9(7):907-913
Amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) interacts with the vasculature to influence Abeta levels in the brain and cerebral blood flow, providing a means of amplifying the Abeta-induced cellular stress underlying neuronal dysfunction and dementia. Systemic Abeta infusion and studies in genetically manipulated mice show that Abeta interaction with receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)-bearing cells in the vessel wall results in transport of Abeta across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and expression of proinflammatory cytokines and endothelin-1 (ET-1), the latter mediating Abeta-induced vasoconstriction. Inhibition of RAGE-ligand interaction suppresses accumulation of Abeta in brain parenchyma in a mouse transgenic model. These findings suggest that vascular RAGE is a target for inhibiting pathogenic consequences of Abeta-vascular interactions, including development of cerebral amyloidosis. 相似文献