赤红壤早稻田甲烷排放通量及其影响因素

用封闭箱法对广东省赤红壤早稻田CH4排放通量进行了观测。结果表明,CH4排放有明显的季节变化规律,3个排放高峰分别出现在水稻分蘖末期、孕穗抽穗期和乳熟期,平均通量为5.7mg.m-2.h-1。在测定期内,CH4排放与5和10cm土壤温度呈显著正相关,与土壤Eh呈显著负相关,与土壤pH值、水层深浅相关不明显。     

In situ fluorescent nick translation procedure for plant chromosomes

Pectinase and cellulase, which are used to macerate plant material, always show traces of DNase activities that result in DNA nicking. Moreover, the DNA polymerase I usually applied in the in situ nick translation techniques shows both 5' to 3' and 3' to 5' exonuclease activities. As a result, significant nonspecific labeling appears in control preparations that are not digested by a restriction endonuclease. Our procedure includes blocking nonspecific nick labeling before incubation with restriction enzymes (HpaII and HaeIII). This is achieved by incorporation of ddGTP into DNA by the Taq polymerase which lacks 3' to 5' exonuclease activity. This method gives satisfactory results because it eliminates nonspecific nick translation signals that are present after applying the methods described for animal material.     

Phylogenetic relationships in Kerkia and introgression between Hauffenia and Kerkia (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae)

Freshwater truncatelloidean gastropods include numerous minute cryptic species, displaying simple morphologies, all of which hampers their taxonomic research based on morphology. Phylogenetic relationships among all but one extant species of the genus Kerkia from five localities in Croatia and one in Slovenia were therefore analysed based on one mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and three nuclear markers (18S, 28S and H3). Kerkia kusceri (Bole, 1961 ), K. jadertina Ku??er, 1933, K. j. sinjana (Ku??er, 1933), and K. kareli Beran, Bodon et Cianfanelli, 2014, were collected from their type localities. Our analysis confirmed their distinctness, recovering two additional clades that may represent yet undescribed species from Croatia. Apart from Kerkia, Hauffenia media Bole, 1961 , H. subpiscinalis (Ku??er, 1932) and H. erythropomatia (Hauffen, 1856) from Slovenia were analysed. Their distinctness together with the rejection of the eligibility for separate genus Erythropomatiana for the latter species was proven. Interestingly, its sequence divergence exceeded all previous estimates for species‐level divergence within the Truncatelloidea, implying a species‐level separation both for the COI and for nuclear loci. High p‐distances for the COI/nuclear loci (0.128/0.027, respectively) confirmed also the uniqueness of both genera. A comparison of their COI sequences with the reference sequences of Alzoniella Giusti et Bodon, 1984, Avenionia Nicolas, 1882, Fissuria Boeters, 1981, and Agrafia Szarowska et Falniowski, 2011, has shown that Kerkia and Hauffenia are not sister clades. The most striking, however, was the apparent introgression of the ‘Hauffenia’ mtDNA type from central Slovenia (cave Babja luknja) into two Kerkia clades from central (Ljuba?) and southern (Podgra?e) Croatia, that are located 210 km and 360 km away, respectively. The introduced ‘Hauffenia’ mtDNA type and the closest Hauffenia erythropomatia COI differed by 0.8%. Secondary loss of isolating mechanisms between phylogenetically distant organisms and the severe lack of information on distribution of these underground taxa were postulated as possible explanations of this interesting phenomenon.     

A Dutch guideline for the treatment of scoliosis in neuromuscular disorders

Background

Children with neuromuscular disorders with a progressive muscle weakness such as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Spinal Muscular Atrophy frequently develop a progressive scoliosis. A severe scoliosis compromises respiratory function and makes sitting more difficult. Spinal surgery is considered the primary treatment option for correcting severe scoliosis in neuromuscular disorders. Surgery in this population requires a multidisciplinary approach, careful planning, dedicated surgical procedures, and specialized after care.

Methods

The guideline is based on scientific evidence and expert opinions. A multidisciplinary working group representing experts from all relevant specialties performed the research. A literature search was conducted to collect scientific evidence in answer to specific questions posed by the working group. Literature was classified according to the level of evidence.

Results

For most aspects of the treatment scientific evidence is scarce and only low level cohort studies were found. Nevertheless, a high degree of consensus was reached about the management of patients with scoliosis in neuromuscular disorders. This was translated into a set of recommendations, which are now officially accepted as a general guideline in the Netherlands.

Conclusion

In order to optimize the treatment for scoliosis in neuromuscular disorders a Dutch guideline has been composed. This evidence-based, multidisciplinary guideline addresses conservative treatment, the preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative care of scoliosis in neuromuscular disorders.     

Antibodies to mutated citrullinated vimentin and disease activity score in early arthritis: a cohort study

Introduction  

The aim of our study was to investigate the association between arthritic disease activity and antibodies to mutated citrullinated vimentin (anti-MCV), because such a relation has been suggested.     

Spargelstangenuntersuchungen zur Haupterntezeit auf Infektionen mitFusarium spp. und Kontaminationen mit Fumonisin B1

Asparagus spears collected from a total of six commercial plantings in Austria during the main harvest periods in May and June of 2003 and 2004 were examined for endophytic colonization byFusarium spp., particularlyF. proliferatum. Potentially toxigenic fungi such asF. proliferatum were isolated and identified by morphological characteristics using light microscopy. Fumonisin B₁ inF. proliferatum-infected asparagus spears was detected with IAS-HPLC-FLD or HPLC-MS/MS. The identity of endophytic fungi colonizing of a total of 816 individual spears was determined. The incidence of infection byF. proliferatum and otherFusarium spp. was highly dependent on location and sampling date. The dominantFusarium species among the endophytic microflora wasF. oxysporum. Other frequently isolated species includedF. proliferatum, F. sambucinum, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum andF. equiseti. The incidence ofF. proliferatum-infected asparagus spears was less than 10% at four of the six sampling locations. At the two remaining locations, 20–47% of the spears examined were infected withF. proliferatum. Further exploration of FB₁ generation in asparagus is required because the low levels of FB₁ (10–50 (μg/kg) detected in harvested spears in 2003 and 2004 cannot be explained by the results of this study.

     

Strain persistence of invasive Candida albicans in chronic hyperplastic candidosis that underwent malignant change

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess persistence and tissue invasion of Candida albicans strains isolated from a 65 year‐old patient with chronic hyperplastic candidosis (CHC), that subsequently developed into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Materials and Methods: C. albicans (n=7) were recovered from the oral cavity of the patient over seven years. Confirmation of CHC and SCC in this patient was achieved by histopathological examination of incisional biopsy tissue. DNA fingerprinting was performed on the seven isolates from the CHC patient together with a further eight isolates from patients with normal oral mucosa (n=2), chronic atrophic candidosis (n=1), SCC (n=1) and CHC (n=4). Genotyping involved the use of inter‐repeat PCR using the eukaryotic repeat primer 1251. Characterisation of the tissue invasive abilities of the isolates was achieved by infecting a commercially available reconstituted human oral epithelium (RHE; SkinEthic, Nice, France). After 24 h. C. albicans tissue invasion was assessed by histopathological examination. Results: DNA fingerprinting demonstrated strain persistence of C. albicans in the CHC patient over a seven year period despite provision of systemic antifungal therapy. The strain of C. albicans isolated from this patient was categorised as a high invader within the RHE compared to other isolates. Conclusions: Candidal strain persistence was evident in a patient with CHC over seven years. This persistence may be due to incomplete eradication from the oral cavity following antifungal therapy or subsequent recolonisation from other body sites or separate exogenous sources. The demonstration of enhanced in vitro tissue invasion by this particular strain may, in part, explain the progression to carcinoma.