全文获取类型
收费全文 | 515篇 |
免费 | 17篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
533篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 9篇 |
2021年 | 5篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 10篇 |
2018年 | 11篇 |
2017年 | 5篇 |
2016年 | 7篇 |
2015年 | 19篇 |
2014年 | 24篇 |
2013年 | 38篇 |
2012年 | 46篇 |
2011年 | 50篇 |
2010年 | 25篇 |
2009年 | 19篇 |
2008年 | 24篇 |
2007年 | 29篇 |
2006年 | 29篇 |
2005年 | 30篇 |
2004年 | 27篇 |
2003年 | 22篇 |
2002年 | 22篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有533条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
81.
Pernille Nordby Pernille L. Auerbach Mads Rosenkilde Lasse Kristiansen Jan R. Thomasen Lisbeth Rygaard Rasmus Groth Nina Brandt Jørn W. Helge Erik A. Richter Thorkil Ploug Bente Stallknecht 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2012,20(11):2202-2212
Health benefits of physical activity may depend on a concomitant weight loss. In a randomized, controlled trial, we compared the effects of endurance training with or without weight loss to the effect of weight loss induced by an energy‐reduced diet in 48 sedentary, moderately overweight men who completed a 12‐week intervention program of training (T), energy‐reduced diet (D), training and increased diet (T‐iD), or control (C). An energy deficit of 600 kcal/day was induced by endurance training or diet in T and D and a similar training regimen plus an increased dietary intake of 600 kcal/day defined the T‐iD group. Primary end point was insulin sensitivity as evaluated by HOMA‐IR (mainly reflecting hepatic insulin sensitivity) and hyperinsulinemic, isoglycemic clamps (primarily reflecting peripheral insulin sensitivity). Body mass decreased in T and D by 5.9 ± 0.7 and 5.3 ± 0.7 kg, respectively, whereas T‐iD and C remained weight stable. Total and abdominal fat mass were reduced in an additive manner in the T‐iD, D, and T groups by 1.9 ± 0.3/0.2 ± 0.1, 4.4 ± 0.7/0.5 ± 0.1, and 7.7 ± 0.8/0.9 ± 0.1 kg, respectively. HOMA‐IR was improved in T, D, and T‐iD, whereas insulin‐stimulated glucose clearance and suppression of plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) were increased only in the two training groups. Thus, loss of fat mass (diet or training induced) improves hepatic insulin sensitivity, whereas peripheral insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue is increased by endurance training only. This demonstrates that endurance training per se increases various metabolic health parameters and that endurance training should preferably always be included in any intervention regimen for improving metabolic health in moderately overweight men. 相似文献
82.
Bente Vilming Elgaaen Ole Kristoffer Olstad Leiv Sandvik Elin ?degaard Torill Sauer Anne Cathrine Staff Kaare M. Gautvik 《PloS one》2012,7(9)
Background
The oncogenesis of ovarian cancer is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify mRNAs differentially expressed between moderately and poorly differentiated (MD/PD) serous ovarian carcinomas (SC), serous ovarian borderline tumours (SBOT) and superficial scrapings from normal ovaries (SNO), and to correlate these mRNAs with clinical parameters including survival.Methods
Differences in mRNA expression between MD/PD SC, SBOT and SNO were analyzed by global gene expression profiling (n = 23), validated by RT-qPCR (n = 41) and correlated with clinical parameters.Results
Thirty mRNAs differentially expressed between MD/PD SC, SBOT and SNO were selected from the global gene expression analyses, and 21 were verified (p<0.01) by RT-qPCR. Of these, 13 mRNAs were differentially expressed in MD/PD SC compared with SNO (p<0.01) and were correlated with clinical parameters. ZNF385B was downregulated (FC = −130.5, p = 1.2×10−7) and correlated with overall survival (p = 0.03). VEGFA was upregulated (FC = 6.1, p = 6.0×10−6) and correlated with progression-free survival (p = 0.037). Increased levels of TPX2 and FOXM1 mRNAs (FC = 28.5, p = 2.7×10−10 and FC = 46.2, p = 5.6×10−4, respectively) correlated with normalization of CA125 (p = 0.03 and p = 0.044, respectively). Furthermore, we present a molecular pathway for MD/PD SC, including VEGFA, FOXM1, TPX2, BIRC5 and TOP2A, all significantly upregulated and directly interacting with TP53.Conclusions
We have identified 21 mRNAs differentially expressed (p<0.01) between MD/PD SC, SBOT and SNO. Thirteen were differentially expressed in MD/PD SC, including ZNF385B and VEGFA correlating with survival, and FOXM1 and TPX2 with normalization of CA125. We also present a molecular pathway for MD/PD SC. 相似文献83.
Maria Pedersen Karin Kaereby Pedersen Helle Bruunsgaard Karen Suarez Krabbe Carsten Thomsen Kristine F?rch Bente Klarlund Pedersen Erik Lykke Mortensen 《PloS one》2012,7(12)
Aims
Metabolic disturbances may contribute to cognitive dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. We investigated the relation between cognitive impairment and metabolic deteriorations, low physical fitness, low-grade inflammation and abdominal obesity in middle aged individuals.Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study including 40 to 65 year-old patients with type 2 diabetes and limited co morbidity (N = 56), age-matched individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (N = 56) as well as age-matched controls with normal glucose tolerance (N = 72). Specific cognitive functions were assessed with focus on verbal memory, processing speed, executive functions, and a composite overall mean score. Oral glucose tolerance test, VO2max test, systemic inflammation, DXA scanning and abdominal MRI were measured.Results
Multiple linear regression analyses adjusting for age, gender and verbal intelligence demonstrated that a low score in processing speed, executive functions and overall cognitive function were related to high fasting C-peptide, as well as low insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function and VO2max. Measurements of blood glucose, obesity and inflammation were not associated with cognitive function.Conclusion
Low cognitive scores are seen in middle aged individuals with hyperinsulinemia, low insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function and low aerobic capacity. These findings emphasize the importance of appropriate lifestyle and not only blood glucose control in prevention of cognitive disability. 相似文献84.
A culture of Thaumatomastix was isolated from a sediment sample collected in Oslofjorden and established as a monospecific strain (UIO286). Based on this culture, light and transmission electron microscopy and phylogenetic analyses were carried out. Thaumatomastix species are confined within the order Thaumatomonadida of the class Imbricatea and phylum Cercozoa. They are heterotrophic and their cell bodies are covered with silica scales. Observations of thin sections as well as whole mounts indicate that the morphology and ultrastructure of UIO286 is identical to T. salina, which was initially described from salt pools in Denmark. Detailed examination revealed some new features such as the presence of pseudopodia and silica deposition vesicles producing spine scales. The phylogeny presented here includes ribosomal DNA sequences from both imbricatean cultures and environmental samples. The 18S rDNA phylogenetic tree suggests that (i) Thaumatomastix is paraphyletic within the Thaumatomonadida clade, (ii) there is no close affinity between T. salina and other cultured and sequenced strains, but it is closely related to a sequence obtained from environmental DNA; we propose the present strain to serve as a reference culture of Thaumatomastix species and T. salina. Further, we discuss the distribution, habitats, and evolution of scale formation among euglyphids and thaumatomonads. 相似文献
85.
Jørgensen AD Nøhr J Kastrup JS Gajhede M Sigurskjold BW Sauer J Svergun DI Svensson B Vestergaard B 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2008,283(21):14772-14780
The industrially important glucoamylase 1 is an exo-acting glycosidase with substrate preference for alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 linkages at non-reducing ends of starch. It consists of a starch binding and a catalytic domain interspersed by a highly glycosylated polypeptide linker. The linker function is poorly understood and structurally undescribed, and data regarding domain organization and intramolecular functional cooperativity are conflicting or non-comprehensive. Here, we report a combined small angle x-ray scattering and calorimetry study of Aspergillus niger glucoamylase 1, glucoamylase 2, which lacks a starch binding domain, and an engineered low-glycosylated variant of glucoamylase 1 with a short linker. Low resolution solution structures show that the linker adopts a compact structure rendering a well defined extended overall conformation to glucoamylase. We demonstrate that binding of a short heterobidentate inhibitor simultaneously directed toward the catalytic and starch binding domains causes dimerization of glucoamylase and not, as suggested previously, an intramolecular conformational rearrangement mediated by linker flexibility. Our results suggest that glucoamylase functions via transient dimer formation during hydrolysis of insoluble substrates and address the question of the cooperative effect of starch binding and hydrolysis. 相似文献
86.
The effects of radiofrequency fields on human health are not well understood, and public concern about negative health effects has been rising. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between workers exposed to electromagnetic fields and their reproductive health. We obtained data using a questionnaire in a cross-sectional study of naval military men, response rate 63% (n = 1487). We asked the respondents about exposure, lifestyle, reproductive health, previous diseases, work and education. An expert group categorized the work categories related to electromagnetic field exposure. We categorized the work categories "tele/communication," "electronics" and "radar/sonar" as being exposed to electromagnetic fields. Logistic regression adjusted for age, ever smoked, military education, and physical exercise at work showed increased risk of infertility among tele/communication odds ratio (OR = 1.72, 95% confidence interval 1.04-2.85), and radar/sonar odds ratio (OR = 2.28, 95% confidence interval 1.27-4.09). The electronics group had no increased risk. This study shows a possible relationship between exposure to radiofrequency fields during work with radiofrequency equipment and radar and reduced fertility. However, the results must be interpreted with caution. 相似文献
87.
Nørgaard Toft K Larsen N Steen Jørgensen F Højrup P Houen G Vestergaard B 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》2008,1784(9):1265-1270
Calreticulin plays a central role in vital cell processes such as protein folding, Ca(2+) homeostasis and immunogenicity. Even so, only limited three-dimensional structural information is presently available. We present a series of Small-Angle X-ray Scattering data on human placenta calreticulin. The data from the calreticulin monomer reveal the shape of calreticulin in solution: The previously structurally un-described C-terminal is seen as a globular domain, and the P-domain beta-hairpin extends from the N-domain in a spiral like conformation. In the calreticulin solution dimer, the N-, C-, and P-domains are easily identified, and the P-domain is in an extended conformation connecting to the second calreticulin molecule. The SAXS solution data enables the construction of a medium-resolution model of calreticulin. In the light of the unresolved chaperone mechanism of calreticulin and calnexin, we discuss the functional consequences of the conformational plasticity of the calreticulin P-domain. 相似文献
88.
The Gram-positive bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus is the causal agent of bacterial wilt and ring rot of potato. So far, only two proteins have been shown to be essential for
virulence, namely a plasmid-encoded cellulase CelA and a hypersensitive response-inducing protein. We have examined the relative
expression of CelA and eight putative virulence factors during infection of potato and in liquid culture, using quantitative
real-time PCR. The examined putative virulence genes were celB, a cellulase-encoding gene and genes encoding a pectate lyase, a xylanase and five homologues of the Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis pathogenicity factor Pat-1 thought to encode a serine protease. Six of the nine assayed genes were up-regulated during infection
of potato, including celA, celB, the xylanase gene, and two of the pat genes. The pectate lyase gene showed only slightly elevated expression, whereas three of the five examined pat genes were down-regulated during infection in potato. Interestingly, the two up-regulated pat genes showed a noticeable sequence
difference compared to the three down-regulated pat genes. These results reveal several new proteins that are likely to be
involved in Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus pathogenicity. 相似文献
89.
90.
Bente Edvardsen Wenche Eikrem Kamran Shalchian‐Tabrizi Ingvild Riisberg Geir Johnsen Lars Naustvoll Jahn Throndsen 《Journal of phycology》2007,43(5):1054-1070
Since 1998, a heterokont flagellate initially named Chattonella aff. verruculosa has formed recurrent extensive blooms in the North Sea and the Skagerrak, causing fish mortalities. Cells were isolated from the 2001 bloom off the south coast of Norway, and monoalgal cultures were established and compared with the Chattonella verruculosa Y. Hara et Chihara reference strain NIES 670 from Japan. The cells in Norwegian cultured isolates were very variable in size and form, being large oblong (up to 34 μm long) to small rounded (5–9 μm in diameter) with two unequal flagella, numerous chloroplasts, and mucocysts. The SSU and partial LSU rDNA sequences of strains from Norway and Japan were compared and differed by 0.4% (SSU) and 1.3% (LSU), respectively. Five strains from Norway were identical in the LSU rDNA region. Phylogenetic analyses based on heterokont SSU and concatenated SSU + LSU rDNA sequences placed C. aff. verruculosa and the Japanese C. verruculosa within the clade of Dictyochophyceae, with the picoflagellate Florenciella parvula Eikrem as the closest relative. Ultrastructure, morphology, and pigment composition supported this affinity. We propose the name Verrucophora farcimen sp. et gen. nov. for this flagellate and systematically place it within the class Dictyochophyceae. Our studies also show that C. verruculosa from Japan is genetically and morphologically different but closely related to V. farcimen. The species is transferred from the class Raphidophyceae to the class Dictyochophyceae and renamed Verrucophora verruculosa. We propose a new order, Florenciellales, to accommodate V. farcimen, V. verruculosa, and F. parvula. 相似文献