黑线毛足鼠年龄和种群密度与肝毛细线虫感染率的关系

2004—2005年,在内蒙古锡林郭勒盟阿巴嘎旗和东乌珠穆沁旗研究了肝毛细线虫病对黑线毛足鼠种群感染情况,分析肝毛细线虫对黑线毛足鼠的感染率与鼠体年龄以及种群密度的关系。结果表明,黑线毛足鼠达到一定的年龄(或体质量)才可感染肝毛细线虫病,最低感染个体体质量为14.6g。肝毛细线虫对低龄鼠的感染检出率比较低,而对成体鼠感染检出率较高,其感染率和感染度均随着个体年龄的增长而增高(感染率与年龄:r=0.97,P<0.05;感染度与年龄:r=0.93,P<0.05)。此外,黑线毛足鼠体质量与肝毛细线虫感染率和感染度也存在显著的相关关系(感染率与体质量:r=0.99,P<0.05;感染度与体质量:r=0.95,P<0.05),黑线毛足鼠的种群密度则对肝毛细线虫的感染率(r=0.27,P>0.05)和平均感染度(r=0.41,P>0.05)没有明显的影响,其感染率可能与地区不同有关。     

用19个生化基因位点研究普通级Z:ZCLA长爪沙鼠的遗传多样性

目的调查Z:ZCLA长爪沙鼠原种群普通级长爪沙鼠的遗传多样性。方法用本实验室自行建立的长爪沙鼠19个生化基因位点的乙酸纤维素膜电泳技术并结合基本群体遗传学指标研究了普通级Z:ZCLA长爪沙鼠100个家系的遗传多态性。结果Z:ZCLA长爪沙鼠在Es-1、Car-2、Hbb、Gpi-1、Cs-1、Ce-2I、dh-l、Mod-1呈单态,在Es-2、Es-3、Es-4、Es-6、Es-8、Es-9、Es-10、pd-1、gm-1、Trf、Akp-1个位点上呈现多态性,等位基因从2~4个不等,平均等位基因数3.0,平均杂合度0.512,平均多态信息量0.455。结论提示目前本群遗传多样性水平处于中度多态。     

A modular treatment of molecular traffic through the active site of cholinesterase

We present a model for the molecular traffic of ligands, substrates, and products through the active site of cholinesterases (ChEs). First, we describe a common treatment of the diffusion to a buried active site of cationic and neutral species. We then explain the specificity of ChEs for cationic ligands and substrates by introducing two additional components to this common treatment. The first module is a surface trap for cationic species at the entrance to the active-site gorge that operates through local, short-range electrostatic interactions and is independent of ionic strength. The second module is an ionic-strength-dependent steering mechanism generated by long-range electrostatic interactions arising from the overall distribution of charges in ChEs. Our calculations show that diffusion of charged ligands relative to neutral isosteric analogs is enhanced approximately 10-fold by the surface trap, while electrostatic steering contributes only a 1.5- to 2-fold rate enhancement at physiological salt concentration. We model clearance of cationic products from the active-site gorge as analogous to the escape of a particle from a one-dimensional well in the presence of a linear electrostatic potential. We evaluate the potential inside the gorge and provide evidence that while contributing to the steering of cationic species toward the active site, it does not appreciably retard their clearance. This optimal fine-tuning of global and local electrostatic interactions endows ChEs with maximum catalytic efficiency and specificity for a positively charged substrate, while at the same time not hindering clearance of the positively charged products.     

三种啮齿类动物非酒精性脂肪肝形成及机制探讨

目的 分析物种差异对NAFLD模型复制的影响,探讨不同鼠种NAFLD形成及其机制.方法 长爪沙鼠、SD大鼠、ICR小鼠各20只,按种属随机分为对照组及模型组,对照组给予普通饲料,模型组给予高脂饲料.16周后,观察肝脏HE及Mallory三色染色病理变化,计算肝指数,检测血清血脂(CHO、TG、LDL-c、HDL-c)、肝功能(GOP、GPT)及肝组织中抗氧化酶(SOD、GSH-PX、CAT)活性及羟脯氨酸(Hyp)、丙二醛(MDA)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)水平.结果 与对照组比较,各模型组:沙鼠Hyp、CHO、TG、LDL-c、HDL-c、肝指数、GOP、GPT、MDA、FFA均升高,SOD、GSH-PX、CAT活性降低(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),肝脏出现纤维化;大鼠CHO、肝指数、GOP、GPT、FFA、SOD活性升高,MDA含量、GSH-PX、CAT活性降低(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01),有局灶性脂肪肝炎;小鼠CHO、LDL-c、HDL-c、肝指数、CAT活性升高,MDA含量降低(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01),肝脏病理正常.结论 三种动物在脂质代谢、肝功能、氧化应激等方面有显著的差异,并形成了不同的NAFLD模型:沙鼠形成伴高TG、CHO血症的肝纤维化模型、大鼠形成伴高CHO血症的局灶性脂肪肝炎模型、小鼠形成高胆固醇血症模型但肝脏未发生明显的病理改变.     

MDR1基因单靶点双荧光素酶报告基因系统的建立

目的通过构建以MDR1启动子为启动序列的双荧光素酶报告基因系统并进行活性分析,为MDR1基因表达的单靶点调控研究和逆转剂的筛选提供一种有效的方法。方法从HCT-8细胞中提取DNA并克隆含有MDR1基因启动子中Y—box序列。将该序列重组到萤光素酶报告基因载体pGL-3．Basic的启动区域中,从而构建报告基因载体pGL-MDR1。将pGL-MDR1和pRL-TK载体共转染到HCT-8和HCT-8／VCR细胞中。通过调节不同载体的比例来优化转染效率。利用MDRI基因激活剂（热诱导）和抑制剂（EGCG）等处理来分析其启动转录活性受外界因素的影响。结果通过直接测序法验证了pGL-MDR1含有MDR1基因启动子Y—box序列且没有出现碱基突变。在pGL-MDR1和pRL-TK的转染比例为5：5时,转染效率最高并具有最高的萤光素酶活性。通过MDR1基因激活处理后表现为时间依赖性地激活MDR1基因的表达,而MDR1基因抑制剂的作用则相反。结论MDR1启动子为启动序列的双荧光素酶报告基因系统建立成功。该系统不但可以用于研究活体生物发光成像和MDRI基因表达的机理,而且可用于单靶点的多药耐药抑制剂的筛选。     

海藻酸微囊替代DMSO和FBS的STO细胞冷冻保存研究

目的:改进现有的细胞冷冻保存方法,建立一个不含二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和血清(FBS)的高效冷冻保存方法,为细胞治疗等临床实践提供优质细胞.方法:海藻酸微囊包埋鼠胚成纤维细胞(STO细胞)后用不含DMSO和FBS的冷冻保存液进行冷冻保存.设四个对照组:添加10％DMSO和20％FBS的组、仅添加10％DMSO的组、仅添加20％FBS、DMSO和FBS均不添加组.在冷冻前后对各实验组细胞用台盼兰染色,进行细胞计数,计算细胞存活率,同时利用溴乙锭的二聚物(EthD)、钙黄绿素-AM(Calcein-AM)进行染色观察细胞的形态,且进一步验证细胞存活率;解冻复苏后用MTT法评估细胞的增殖速度和生长活力.结果:冷冻保存30天后对各组的细胞数量、细胞存活率、细胞形态和解冻复苏后细胞的生长活力进行比较发现,海藻酸微囊包埋冷冻组的细胞数、细胞存活率、细胞形态和生长活力均与添加DMSO和FBS的组之间无显著性差异,而与其它三个对照组呈显著性差异.结论:使用海藻酸微囊替代DMSO和FBS保存STO细胞,能有效的维持细胞形态、数量、存活率,同时不影响细胞的生长活力,从而建立了一个不含DMSO和FBS的高效冷冻保存方法.     

榆科榉属模式的考证

长期以来,Zelkova crenata Spach被认为是榉属(Zelkova)的模式。作者基于国际植物命名法规中的模式指定原则,并通过有关文献的考证,确认Zelkova carpinifolia(Pall.) K. Koch为榉属的合法模式,而并非Z. crenata Spach或Z. carpinifolia(Pall.) Dipp.。     

Zerumbone induced apoptosis in liver cancer cells via modulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio

Background  

Zerumbone is a cytotoxic component isolated from Zingiber zerumbet Smith, a herbal plant which is also known as lempoyang. This new anticancer bioactive compound from Z. zerumbet was investigated for its activity and mechanism in human liver cancer cell lines.     

NREM2 and Sleep Spindles Are Instrumental to the Consolidation of Motor Sequence Memories

Although numerous studies have convincingly demonstrated that sleep plays a critical role in motor sequence learning (MSL) consolidation, the specific contribution of the different sleep stages in this type of memory consolidation is still contentious. To probe the role of stage 2 non-REM sleep (NREM2) in this process, we used a conditioning protocol in three different groups of participants who either received an odor during initial training on a motor sequence learning task and were re-exposed to this odor during different sleep stages of the post-training night (i.e., NREM2 sleep [Cond-NREM2], REM sleep [Cond-REM], or were not conditioned during learning but exposed to the odor during NREM2 [NoCond]). Results show that the Cond-NREM2 group had significantly higher gains in performance at retest than both the Cond-REM and NoCond groups. Also, only the Cond-NREM2 group yielded significant changes in sleep spindle characteristics during cueing. Finally, we found that a change in frequency of sleep spindles during cued-memory reactivation mediated the relationship between the experimental groups and gains in performance the next day. These findings strongly suggest that cued-memory reactivation during NREM2 sleep triggers an increase in sleep spindle activity that is then related to the consolidation of motor sequence memories.     

A statistical test that supports a human/chimpanzee clade based on noncoding DNA sequence data

Using the aligned DNA sequence data of Miyamoto et al. and Maeda et al., all noncoding genetic material, and a simple statistical test, we show that a Homo/Pan clade is supported at approximately the 3% level of significance. The method accommodates polymorphism and different evolutionary rates for different sites. All assumptions on which the statistical study is based are made explicit. (See the Note added in proof, which--adding recently published data--improves the significance level to about 1%.