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21.
To improve biocontrol of the cassava green mite, Mononychellus tanajoa, a series of screenhouse experiments were conducted on cassava to determine the effects of single and combined releases of the predatory mite Typhlodromalus aripo and the entomopathogenic fungus Neozygites tanajoae on the suppression of M. tanajoa. We showed that, separately or in combination, T. aripo and N. tanajoae significantly reduced M. tanajoa populations. Moreover, combined release of T. aripo and N. tanajoae on the same cassava plants improved M. tanajoa control. However, our data suggest between T. aripo and N. tanajoae an asymmetric competition that significantly affected N. tanajoae only. This interference is indirect, probably mediated by their common prey or host mite, M. tanajoa since N. tanajoae is not pathogenic to T. aripo. We conclude that adding N. tanajoae to T. aripo populations in Africa would not negatively affect T. aripo and would further promote biocontrol of M. tanajoa. 相似文献
22.
Uedson Pereira Jacobina Marcelo Ricardo Vicari Pablo Ariel Martinez Marcelo de Bello Cioffi Luiz Antonio Carlos Bertollo Wagner Franco Molina 《Helgoland Marine Research》2013,67(3):499-506
Fish of the genus Selene, known as lookdowns or moonfish, are one of the most morphologically derived groups of the family Carangidae, whose phylogenetic relationships are still largely unknown. In this study, we discuss karyoevolutionary aspects of three representatives of this genus from the Western Atlantic: Selene brownii (2n = 48; FN = 48), Selene setapinnis (2n = 46; FN = 48), and Selene vomer (2n = 48; FN = 50). Their body patterns were also investigated and compared to one another and in relation to two other species of different genera. Two mechanisms of karyotypic evolution seem to have acted in the diversification of this genus, namely pericentric inversions and centric fusions. Mapping of rDNA sequences showed that chromosome pairs bearing 5S rDNA sites are similar, whereas those bearing 18 rDNA sites are morphologically distinct while apparently also exhibiting interspecies synteny. Although the nucleolar organizer-bearing chromosomes are extremely efficient cytotaxonomic markers among Selene species, others cytogenetic patterns of these species are relatively conserved. Hybridization with telomeric probes (TTAGGG)n did not exhibit interstitial telomeric sites (ITS), especially in S. setapinnis, where, along with a reduction in diploid number, a large metacentric pair derived from centric fusion is present. Data obtained by geometric morphometrics enable a clear morphological distinction among the three species, as well as in relation to two other species of the genus Caranx and Oligoplites. Data obtained suggest that morphologic evolution in Selene species was primarily dissociated from visible changes that occurred at the chromosomal level. 相似文献
23.
Agostina Puppo Alexander Bello Anna Manfredi Giulia Cesi Elena Marrocco Michele Della Corte Settimio Rossi Massimo Giunti Maria Laura Bacci Francesca Simonelli Enrico Maria Surace Gary P. Kobinger Alberto Auricchio 《PloS one》2013,8(3)
Recombinant adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors are known to safely and efficiently transduce the retina. Among the various AAV serotypes available, AAV2/5 and 2/8 are the most effective for gene transfer to photoreceptors (PR), which are the most relevant targets for gene therapy of inherited retinal degenerations. However, the search for novel AAV serotypes with improved PR transduction is ongoing. In this work we tested vectors derived from five AAV serotypes isolated from porcine tissues (referred to as porcine AAVs, four of which are newly identified) for their ability to transduce both the murine and the cone-enriched pig retina. Porcine AAV vectors expressing EGFP under the control of the CMV promoter were injected subretinally either in C57BL/6 mice or Large White pigs. The resulting retinal tropism was analyzed one month later on histological sections, while levels of PR transduction were assessed by Western blot. Our results show that all porcine AAV transduce murine and porcine retinal pigment epithelium and PR upon subretinal administration. AAV2/po1 and 2/po5 are the most efficient porcine AAVs for murine PR transduction and exhibit the strongest tropism for pig cone PR. The levels of PR transduction obtained with AAV2/po1 and 2/po5 are similar, albeit not superior, to those obtained with AAV2/5 and AAV2/8, which evinces AAV2/po1 and 2/po5 to be promising vectors for retinal gene therapy. 相似文献
24.
25.
L. Y. Bello P. S. Chindo M. D. Alegbejo 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(4):253-257
Abstract The inhibitory effect of water extract of seed, leaf and bark of five plants, viz., Tamarindus indica, Cassia siamea, Isoberlinia doka, Dolnix regia and Cassia sieberiana was evaluated on larval hatch of Meloidogyne incognita in the laboratory. All the plant parts inhibited larval hatch of M. incoginta Percentage inhibition was higher in the seeds followed by the leaves and bark. Degree of inhibition observed, was directly related to the concentration of the extract. The standard suspensions inhibited hatching by about 97% while dilutions of S/100 inhibited larval hatch by 3%. Nematicidal activity of the plant parts of the five plants showed that C. siamea was the most effective followed by C. sieberiana, I. doka, T. indica and D. regia. 相似文献
26.
C. Mónaco G. Dal Bello M. C. Rollán L. Ronco G. Lampugnani N. Arteta 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(8):729-737
Abstract In order to evaluate the potential of naturally occurring filamentous fungi having potential as biocontrol agents effective against grey mould and post-harvest fruit rot caused by Botrytis cinerea on tomato, fungal saprophytes were isolated. They were obtained from leaves, fruits and flowers belonging to different species of cultivated and spontaneous Solanaceous plants collected at the horticultural area of La Plata, Argentina. Of 300 isolates screened for inhibition of B. cinerea using the dual culture technique on agar plate, 12 strains inhibited strongly mycelial growth of the pathogen. Among the antagonists one isolate of Epicoccun nigrum (126), four of Trichoderma harzianum (110, 118, 248 and 252) and four isolates of Fusarium spp. decreased the spore germination of B. cinerea between 30 and 70%. These isolates were probed on tomato fruits to evaluate their biocontrol activity against post-harvest grey mould. In growth chamber tests, E. nigrum (27), F. equiseti (22, 105) and T. harzianum (118, 252) reduced the diameter of fruit lesions by 50 – 90% and were selected for further biocontrol assays of tomato plants in the greenhouse. Although there were not significant differences between the treatments and the control, F. equiseti (105), E. nigrum (27) and T. harzianum (118) reduced by 20, 22 and 22 respectively the disease on whole plants. The targeted application of isolates of E. nigrum, T. harzianum and F. equiseti provides a promising alternative to the use of fungicide spray to control B. cinerea on tomatoes. 相似文献
27.
Sabrina Duranti Francesca Turroni Christian Milani Elena Foroni Francesca Bottacini Fabio Dal Bello Alberto Ferrarini Massimo Delledonne Douwe van Sinderen Marco Ventura 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2013,79(1):336-346
In the current work, we describe genome diversity and core genome sequences among representatives of three bifidobacterial species, i.e., Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, by employing a polyphasic approach involving analysis of 16S rRNA gene and 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) assays. 相似文献
28.
J. L. Abal‐Fabeiro X. Maside X. Bello J. Llovo C. Bartolomé 《Molecular ecology》2013,22(18):4723-4732
Cryptosporidium is an apicomplexan protozoan that lives in most vertebrates, including humans. Its gp60 gene is functionally involved in its attachment to host cells, and its high level of genetic variation has made it the reference marker for sample typing in epidemiological studies. To understand the origin of such high diversity and to determine the extent to which this classification applies to the rest of the genome, we analysed the patterns of variation at gp60 and nine other nuclear loci in isolates of three Cryptosporidium species. Most loci showed low genetic polymorphism (πS <1%) and similar levels of between‐species divergence. Contrastingly, gp60 exhibited very different characteristics: (i) it was nearly ten times more variable than the other loci; (ii) it displayed a significant excess of polymorphisms relative to between‐species differences in a maximum‐likelihood Hudson–Kreitman–Aguadé test; (iii) gp60 subtypes turned out to be much older than the species they were found in; and (iv) showed a significant excess of polymorphic variants shared across species from random expectations. These observations suggest that this locus evolves under balancing selection and specifically under negative frequency‐dependent selection (FDS). Interestingly, genetic variation at the other loci clusters very well within the groups of isolates defined by gp60 subtypes, which may provide new tools to understand the genome‐wide patterns of genetic variation of the parasite in the wild. These results suggest that gp60 plays an active and essential role in the life cycle of the parasite and that genetic variation at this locus might be essential for the parasite's long‐term success. 相似文献
29.
Francesca Orlandi Marcella Coronnello Cristina Bellucci Silvia Dei Luca Guandalini Dina Manetti Cecilia Martelli Maria Novella Romanelli Serena Scapecchi Milena Salerno Hayette Menif Ivan Bello Enrico Mini Elisabetta Teodori 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2013,21(2):456-465
As a continuation of previous research on a new series of potent and efficacious P-gp-dependent multidrug resistant (MDR) reversers with a N,N-bis(cyclohexanol)amine scaffold, we have designed and synthesized several analogs by modulation of the two aromatic moieties linked through ester functions to the N,N-bis(cyclohexanol)amine, aiming to optimize activity and to extend structure–activity relationships (SAR) within the series. This scaffold, when esterified with two different aromatic carboxylic acids, gives origin to four geometric isomers (cis/trans, trans/trans, cis/cis and trans/cis).The new compounds were tested on doxorubicin-resistant erythroleukemia K562 cells (K562/DOX) in the pirarubicin uptake assay. Most of them resulted in being potent modulators of the extrusion pump P-gp, showing potency values ([I]0.5) in the submicromolar and nanomolar range. Of these, compounds 2b, 2c, 3d, 5a–d and 6d, showed excellent efficacy with a αmax close to 1. Selected compounds (2d, 3a, 3b, 5a–d) were further studied to evaluate their doxorubicin cytotoxicity potentiation (RF) on doxorubicin-resistant erythroleukemia K562 cells and were found able to enhance significantly doxorubicin cytotoxicity on K562/DOX cells.The results of both pirarubicin uptake and the cytotoxicity assay, indicate that the new compounds of the series are potent P-gp-mediated MDR reversers. They present a structure with a mix of flexible and rigid moieties, a property that seems critical to allow the molecules to choose the most productive of the several binding modes possible in the transporter recognition site.In particular, compounds 5c and 5d, similar to the already reported analogous isomers 1c and 1d,29 are potent and efficacious modulators of P-gp-dependent MDR and may be promising leads for the development of MDR-reversal drugs. 相似文献
30.
Vitantonio Di Bello Iacopo Fabiani Lorenzo Conte Valentina Barletta Maria Grazia Delle Donne Cucco Cuono Laura Anna Leo Frank Lloyd Dini Mario Marzilli Aldo Pinchera Ferruccio Santini 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2013,21(5):881-892