Enthoprotin: a novel clathrin-associated protein identified through subcellular proteomics

Despite numerous advances in the identification of the molecular machinery for clathrin-mediated budding at the plasma membrane, the mechanistic details of this process remain incomplete. Moreover, relatively little is known regarding the regulation of clathrin-mediated budding at other membrane systems. To address these issues, we have utilized the powerful new approach of subcellular proteomics to identify novel proteins present on highly enriched clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs). Among the ten novel proteins identified is the rat homologue of a predicted gene product from human, mouse, and Drosophila genomics projects, which we named enthoprotin. Enthoprotin is highly enriched on CCVs isolated from rat brain and liver extracts. In cells, enthoprotin demonstrates a punctate staining pattern that is concentrated in a perinuclear compartment where it colocalizes with clathrin and the clathrin adaptor protein (AP)1. Enthoprotin interacts with the clathrin adaptors AP1 and with Golgi-localized, gamma-ear-containing, Arf-binding protein 2. Through its COOH-terminal domain, enthoprotin binds to the terminal domain of the clathrin heavy chain and stimulates clathrin assembly. These data suggest a role for enthoprotin in clathrin-mediated budding on internal membranes. Our study reveals the utility of proteomics in the identification of novel vesicle trafficking proteins.     

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the FWS-DBL-1 solar insect killer and its safety with respect to predatory insects in the Turpan grape growing region

本文研究了FWS-DBL-1新型太阳能灭虫器在320～580、360、400、460和520nm 5种不同波长下对吐鲁番葡萄产区害虫的诱捕效果及对天敌安全性.结果表明:在5种波长下,灭虫器诱捕昆虫的种类相似,以鞘翅目、鳞翅目、半翅目、脉翅目、双翅目、直翅目和膜翅目等为主.诱捕的主要昆虫是蜉金龟Aphodius sp.、白云斑鳃金龟Polyphyyla alba vicaria Semenov、额喙丽金龟Adoretus nigriforns Steven、毛喙丽金龟Adoretus hirsutus Ohaus、绣罗夜蛾Leucanitis picta Christoph和淘赏夜蛾Catocala puerpera Gioma等.其中:灭虫器在400nm波长下的诱捕量最多,其次是320～580nm和360nm波长.综合分析比较:400nm波长对鞘翅目害虫的诱捕效果最好,360nm波长对鳞翅目和双翅目害虫的诱捕能力最强,520nm波长对半翅目害虫的诱捕效果最好.对天敌的安全性研究表明:FWS-DBL-1太阳能灭虫器对天敌有一定的诱捕作用,益害比为1:4～1:5.诱捕量较多的是步甲科和草蛉科的天敌,占天敌总诱捕量的85.82％.在这5个波长中,360nm波长下,灭虫器对天敌的诱捕作用最小,对天敌的安全性相对较高.     

利用癌功能类从癌基因组突变谱中识别癌基因

从大规模癌样本基因突变扫查数据中识别癌基因具有重要的意义. 一些重要功能的改变对于癌的发生发展是必需的, 因此将它们定义为癌功能类, 并从GO(Gene Ontology)中选择一组显著富集已知癌基因的细致功能类来代表它们. 为了评价以癌相关功能类作为特征识别癌基因的效果, 将已知的蛋白激酶癌基因定义为阳性金标准, 而将其他的蛋白激酶基因定义为阴性金标准. 结果表明, 与利用选择压力作为特征的方法比较, 利用癌相关功能类作为特征的方法可以更有效地识别癌基因. 进一步结合癌相关功能类与基因非同义突变个数可以产生更可靠的预测结果. 最后, 将46个注释到癌相关功能类并且其非同义突变个数至少为3的蛋白激酶基因预测为癌基因, 预测精确率达到0.42.     

Genomic Analysis of the Mycoparasite Pestalotiopsis sp. PG52

Pestalotiopsis sp. is a mycoparasite of the plant pathogen Aecidium wenshanense. To further understand the mycoparasitism mechanism of Pestalotiopsis sp., we assembled and analyzed its genome. The genome of Pestalotiopsis sp. strain PG52 was assembled into 335 scaffolds and had a size of 58.01 Mb. A total of 20,023 predicted genes and proteins were annotated. This study compared PG52 with the mycoparasites Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma atroviride, and Trichoderma virens. This study reveals the entirely different mycoparasitism mechanism of Pestalotiopsis compared to Trichoderma and reveals this mycoparasite’s strong ability to produce secondary metabolites.     

锡林郭勒盟煤电基地开发生态脆弱性评价

内蒙古锡林郭勒盟国家大型煤电基地的建设,对我国华北和华东区域能源安全具有重要的作用。但随着锡盟大型煤电基地的开发,其对锡林郭勒盟这一具有重要生态屏障功能的典型草原区的生态环境造成不利影响。通过对区域生态敏感性、生态弹性及生态压力的系统研究,建立了基于生态敏感性、生态弹性及生态压力的生态脆弱性评价模型,对该区域生态脆弱性进行了评价。结果表明,锡盟地区总体生态环境质量较好,但呈现由东北向西南递减的特征。研究为锡林郭勒盟国家大型煤电基地的开发建设,区域协调发展与生态环境保护提供理论支持。     

美常安治疗老年人抗生素相关性腹泻的疗效观察

目的:观察美常安治疗老年人抗生素相关性腹泻的疗效.方法:将79例老年人抗生素相关性腹泻患者随机分为2组,对照组为常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用美常安治疗.结果:治疗组患者的总有效率明显高于对照组,2组有显著差异(P＜0.05).结论:美常安治疗老年人抗生素相关性腹泻疗效显著.     

广西灵川县种植业的可持续发展

广西是我国南方农业大省(区),明确其农业发展的制约因素,提出具体的解决措施,实现农业可持续发展,对解决农业、农村和农民问题,促进经济持续、快速、健康发展,实现社会主义现代化建设战略目标具有重要的理论和现实意义。主要采用了参与性农户评估方法(PRA),通过随机入户方式,与农户面对面交流,并结合调查问卷,对广西桂林市灵川县11个乡镇的农户进行了调查访问,为方便研究和数据处理,在数据分析过程中将该县11个乡镇分为3个片区:东部片区、中部片区、北部片区,对比3组农户的文化素质、种植制度、冬季农业现状、农业需求和农田水利设施等方面问题,探讨广西农业可持续发展的制约因素,并提出相应的对策,以期为广西农业可持续发展提供理论依据。调查结果表明,虽然目前灵川县农业取得众多发展成就,但仍存在以下几个方面的问题,严重影响了该县种植业可持续发展的进程。一是种植制度结构单一,二是冬季农业发展薄弱,三是种植技术贫乏,四是基础设施建设不完善等,因此,为促进灵川县种植业可持续发展,亟需采取以下对策和措施:调整作物种植结构,建立合理的种植制度;大力发展冬季农业;满足农民最迫切的农业需求;加强农业基础设施建设等。