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Ryanne JM Lemmens Annick AA Timmermans Yvonne JM Janssen-Potten Rob JEM Smeets Henk AM Seelen 《BMC neurology》2012,12(1):1-17
Background
Loss of arm-hand performance due to a hemiparesis as a result of stroke or cerebral palsy (CP), leads to large problems in daily life of these patients. Assessment of arm-hand performance is important in both clinical practice and research. To gain more insight in e.g. effectiveness of common therapies for different patient populations with similar clinical characteristics, consensus regarding the choice and use of outcome measures is paramount. To guide this choice, an overview of available instruments is necessary. The aim of this systematic review is to identify, evaluate and categorize instruments, reported to be valid and reliable, assessing arm-hand performance at the ICF activity level in patients with stroke or cerebral palsy.Methods
A systematic literature search was performed to identify articles containing instruments assessing arm-hand skilled performance in patients with stroke or cerebral palsy. Instruments were identified and divided into the categories capacity, perceived performance and actual performance. A second search was performed to obtain information on their content and psychometrics.Results
Regarding capacity, perceived performance and actual performance, 18, 9 and 3 instruments were included respectively. Only 3 of all included instruments were used and tested in both patient populations. The content of the instruments differed widely regarding the ICF levels measured, assessment of the amount of use versus the quality of use, the inclusion of unimanual and/or bimanual tasks and the inclusion of basic and/or extended tasks.Conclusions
Although many instruments assess capacity and perceived performance, a dearth exists of instruments assessing actual performance. In addition, instruments appropriate for more than one patient population are sparse. For actual performance, new instruments have to be developed, with specific focus on the usability in different patient populations and the assessment of quality of use as well as amount of use. Also, consensus about the choice and use of instruments within and across populations is needed. 相似文献14.
This investigation examined the exposure of Egyptian infants to Aflatoxin M1 (AfM1) and of lactating mothers to Aflatoxin B1, using AfM1 in human milk as a biomarker for exposure to AfB1. The presence of ochratoxin A (OA) in human milk was also investigated to determine the levels of infants exposure to OA
from human milk. The results indicated that AfM1 was found in 66 (55 %) of 120 human milk samples with a mean of 0.3 ± 0.53 ng/mL (range 0.02 to 2.09 ng/mL). OA was found
in 43 (35.8 %) of 120 human milk samples with a mean of 21.1 ± 13.7 ng/mL (range 5.07 to 45.01 ng/mL), which will cause a
daily intake of OA from human milk exceeding the suggested tolerable dose of 5 ng/kg-1 of OA body weight. On the other side AfM1 was found in 25 % of blood samples (5 out of 20 samples), at a mean of 1.18 ng/mL, but it was detected only in one urine
sample (1 out of 20 samples). OA was detected only in 2 out of 13 blood samples (15.4 %) with an average 3.67 ng/mL. Whereas
OA was not detected in all analyzed urine samples. 相似文献
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I.C. Dodd N.Y. Zinovkina V.I. Safronova A.A. Belimov 《The Annals of applied biology》2010,157(3):361-379
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria are commonly found in the rhizosphere (adjacent to the root surface) and may promote plant growth via several diverse mechanisms, including the production or degradation of the major groups of plant hormones that regulate plant growth and development. Although rhizobacterial production of plant hormones seems relatively widespread (as judged from physico-chemical measurements of hormones in bacterial culture media), evidence continues to accumulate, particularly from seedlings grown under gnotobiotic conditions, that rhizobacteria can modify plant hormone status. Since many rhizobacteria can impact on more than one hormone group, bacterial mutants in hormone production/degradation and plant mutants in hormone sensitivity have been useful to establish the importance of particular signalling pathways. Although plant roots exude many potential substrates for rhizobacterial growth, including plant hormones or their precursors, limited progress has been made in determining whether root hormone efflux can select for particular rhizobacterial traits. Rhizobacterial mediation of plant hormone status not only has local effects on root elongation and architecture, thus mediating water and nutrient capture, but can also affect plant root-to-shoot hormonal signalling that regulates leaf growth and gas exchange. Renewed emphasis on providing sufficient food for a growing world population, while minimising environmental impacts of agriculture because of overuse of fertilisers and irrigation water, will stimulate the commercialisation of rhizobacterial inoculants (including those that alter plant hormone status) to sustain crop growth and yield. Combining rhizobacterial traits (or species) that impact on plant hormone status thereby modifying root architecture (to capture existing soil resources) with traits that make additional resources available (e.g. nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilisation) may enhance the sustainability of agriculture. 相似文献
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TO Sogbanmu AO Osibona OA Oguntunde AA Otitoloju 《African Journal of Aquatic Science》2018,43(3):281-292
Physiological, biochemical and histological indices in Clarias gariepinus broodstock, and teratogenic indices in embryos exposed to sublethal concentrations of naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene were investigated in 2014 using a static-renewal bioassay protocol. Phenanthrene (1.41 mg l?1) was the most toxic, followed by pyrene (1.53 mg l?1) and naphthalene (7.21 mg l?1), based on 96 h LC50 values. Hepatosomatic indices were significantly higher in naphthalene- and pyrene-treated males compared with solvent controls, whereas fecundity in females was significantly lower by factors of 2.4 (naphthalene), 2.8 (phenanthrene) and 2.4 (pyrene), compared with controls. Catalase levels were lower in female phenanthrene-treated fish compared with controls. Histological alterations observed in PAH-treated fish include oedema, inflammatory cells, epithelial lifting and hyperplasia in the gills, vacuolation, haemosiderin pigments and sinusoidal congestion in the liver, and degenerated zona radiata in the ovary. Teratogenic effects were not observed, as evidenced by the lack of histological alterations in embryos spawned from pre-exposed broodstock. Sex-specific responses and the utility of biomarkers at cellular and individual levels of organisation are therefore demonstrated for holistic evaluations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ecotoxicological studies. 相似文献
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Samuel J Atkinson Aleksander M Gontarczyk Abdullah AA Alghamdi Tim S Ellison Robert T Johnson Wesley J Fowler Benjamin M Kirkup Bernardo C Silva Bronwen E Harry Jochen G Schneider Katherine N Weilbaecher Mette M Mogensen Mark D Bass Maddy Parsons Dylan R Edwards Stephen D Robinson 《EMBO reports》2018,19(7)
Integrin β3 is seen as a key anti‐angiogenic target for cancer treatment due to its expression on neovasculature, but the role it plays in the process is complex; whether it is pro‐ or anti‐angiogenic depends on the context in which it is expressed. To understand precisely β3's role in regulating integrin adhesion complexes in endothelial cells, we characterised, by mass spectrometry, the β3‐dependent adhesome. We show that depletion of β3‐integrin in this cell type leads to changes in microtubule behaviour that control cell migration. β3‐integrin regulates microtubule stability in endothelial cells through Rcc2/Anxa2‐driven control of active Rac1 localisation. Our findings reveal that angiogenic processes, both in vitro and in vivo, are more sensitive to microtubule targeting agents when β3‐integrin levels are reduced. 相似文献
18.
Natalia E. Kichigina Jan V. Puhalsky Aleksander I. Shaposhnikov Tatiana S. Azarova Natalia M. Makarova Svyatoslav I. Loskutov Vera I. Safronova Igor A. Tikhonovich Margarita A. Vishnyakova Elena V. Semenova Irina A. Kosareva Andrey A. Belimov 《Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants》2017,23(4):851-863
Our study aimed to evaluate intraspecific variability of pea (Pisum sativum L.) in Al tolerance and to reveal mechanisms underlying genotypic differences in this trait. At the first stage, 106 pea genotypes were screened for Al tolerance using root re-elongation assay based on staining with eriochrome cyanine R. The root re-elongation zone varied from 0.5 mm to 14 mm and relationships between Al tolerance and provenance or phenotypic traits of genotypes were found. Tolerance index (TI), calculated as a biomass ratio of Al-treated and non-treated contrasting genotypes grown in hydroponics for 10 days, varied from 30% to 92% for roots and from 38% to 90% for shoots. TI did not correlate with root or shoot Al content, but correlated positively with increasing pH and negatively with residual Al concentration in nutrient solution in the end of experiments. Root exudation of organic acid anions (mostly acetate, citrate, lactate, pyroglutamate, pyruvate and succinate) significantly increased in several Al-treated genotypes, but did not correlate with TI. Al-treatment decreased Ca, Co, Cu, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, S and Zn contents in roots and/or shoots, whereas contents of several elements (P, B, Fe and Mo in roots and B and Fe in shoots) increased, suggesting that Al toxicity induced substantial disturbances in uptake and translocation of nutrients. Nutritional disturbances were more pronounced in Al sensitive genotypes. In conclusion, pea has a high intraspecific variability in Al tolerance and this trait is associated with provenance and phenotypic properties of plants. Transformation of Al to unavailable (insoluble) forms in the root zone and the ability to maintain nutrient uptake are considered to be important mechanisms of Al tolerance in this plant species. 相似文献
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Geert Zegels Geert AA Van Raemdonck Edmond P Coen Wiebren AA Tjalma Xaveer WM Van Ostade 《Proteome science》2009,7(1):17-16