中国潜叶蜂族研究(膜翅目:叶蜂科)(英文)

本文记述了中国潜叶蜂族Fenusini 8属14种,其中新种8种:金眼榉潜叶蜂Profenusa chrysichloritasp. nov.、中华拟潜叶蜂Nefusa sinica sp.nov.、短距拟潜叶蜂Nefusa brevis sp.nov.、四川昧潜叶蜂Metallus sichuanensis sp.nov.、王氏昧潜叶蜂Metallus wangi sp.nov.、马氏昧潜叶蜂Metallus mai sp.nov.、大室缅潜叶蜂Birmella discoidalisa sp.nov.、北京舌潜叶蜂Okutanius pekingensis sp.nov.;中国新记录种3种:日本榉潜叶蜂Profenusa hirashima Togashi、榆潜叶蜂Fenusa pusilla(Lepel.)、金露梅小潜叶蜂Fenella monilicornis Thomson。本文所记述各属除缅潜叶蜂属Birmindia Malaise和丝潜叶蜂属Messa Leach以外均为中国新记录属。新种均附有形态特征图,并编制了潜叶蜂族中国已知属检索表和各属中国已知种类或世界种类检索表。模式标本均保存于中国科学院动物研究所昆虫标本馆。     

Coupled Single-Cell CRISPR Screening and Epigenomic Profiling Reveals Causal Gene Regulatory Networks

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荔枝果皮多酚氧化酶酶促褐变的研究

从荔枝果皮分别提取多酚氧化酶及其天然底物,两者相作用,形成褐色产物,酶促褐变是荔枝果皮变褐的原因。 从荔枝果皮提取的酚类物质中分离出多酚氧化酶的天然底物。此底物的紫外吸收光谱分别在215和280 nm有一强的和一弱的吸收峰,它的红外吸收光谱在3190、1600、1500 cm~(-1)有很强的吸收峰。     

北京山区封山育林试验研究效果

 本文报道了1984年在北京密云县古石峪进行的封山育林试验研究。五年中进行了三次复查,证明在植被盖度、灌木草本生物量、多样性指数方面都有增加。四类样地更新较好;两类阳坡干旱型样地更新不良,但引种栓皮栎获得成功。本研究还进行了山杨移根的试验。     

利用人摄金蛋白(METALLOTHIONEIN)启动子和牛乳突瘤病毒在哺乳动物细胞中表达乙型肝炎表面抗原

用人Metallothioenin-Ⅱ启动子、乙型肝炎表面抗原基因,SV40早期基因的编接位点和多聚A位点构成了表达组件,然后插入到经改造过的BpV-1质粒中。所得质粒pdMTsAg-5转染小鼠C127细胞得到转化克隆。Ausria Ⅱ检测证明13株中有12株能产生HBsAg。对其中一株进行HBsAg收率观察,隔天收获为292.6～525.8μg/升,每天收获为200.9～369.0μg/升,可连续收获60天以上。经重金属离子诱导后,收率增至583～854.4μg/升。培养液经超滤浓缩和两次密梯离心后,可集中为一个狭窄的峰,顶峰的Ausria Ⅱ cpm为1.05×10~7,密度为1.20g/ml。     

Genetic associations of adult height with risk of cardioembolic and other subtypes of ischemic stroke: A mendelian randomization study in multiple ancestries

BackgroundTaller adult height is associated with lower risks of ischemic heart disease in mendelian randomization (MR) studies, but little is known about the causal relevance of height for different subtypes of ischemic stroke. The present study examined the causal relevance of height for different subtypes of ischemic stroke.Methods and findingsHeight-associated genetic variants (up to 2,337) from previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were used to construct genetic instruments in different ancestral populations. Two-sample MR approaches were used to examine the associations of genetically determined height with ischemic stroke and its subtypes (cardioembolic stroke, large-artery stroke, and small-vessel stroke) in multiple ancestries (the MEGASTROKE consortium, which included genome-wide studies of stroke and stroke subtypes: 60,341 ischemic stroke cases) supported by additional cases in individuals of white British ancestry (UK Biobank [UKB]: 4,055 cases) and Chinese ancestry (China Kadoorie Biobank [CKB]: 10,297 cases). The associations of genetically determined height with established cardiovascular and other risk factors were examined in 336,750 participants from UKB and 58,277 participants from CKB. In MEGASTROKE, genetically determined height was associated with a 4% lower risk (odds ratio [OR] 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94, 0.99; p = 0.007) of ischemic stroke per 1 standard deviation (SD) taller height, but this masked a much stronger positive association of height with cardioembolic stroke (13% higher risk, OR 1.13 [95% CI 1.07, 1.19], p < 0.001) and stronger inverse associations with large-artery stroke (11% lower risk, OR 0.89 [0.84, 0.95], p < 0.001) and small-vessel stroke (13% lower risk, OR 0.87 [0.83, 0.92], p < 0.001). The findings in both UKB and CKB were directionally concordant with those observed in MEGASTROKE, but did not reach statistical significance: For presumed cardioembolic stroke, the ORs were 1.08 (95% CI 0.86, 1.35; p = 0.53) in UKB and 1.20 (0.77, 1.85; p = 0.43) in CKB; for other subtypes of ischemic stroke in UKB, the OR was 0.97 (95% CI 0.90, 1.05; p = 0.49); and for other nonlacunar stroke and lacunar stroke in CKB, the ORs were 0.89 (0.80, 1.00; p = 0.06) and 0.99 (0.88, 1.12; p = 0.85), respectively. In addition, genetically determined height was also positively associated with atrial fibrillation (available only in UKB), and with lean body mass and lung function, and inversely associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in both British and Chinese ancestries. Limitations of this study include potential bias from assortative mating or pleiotropic effects of genetic variants and incomplete generalizability of genetic instruments to different populations.ConclusionsThe findings provide support for a causal association of taller adult height with higher risk of cardioembolic stroke and lower risk of other ischemic stroke subtypes in diverse ancestries. Further research is needed to understand the shared biological and physical pathways underlying the associations between height and stroke risks, which could identify potential targets for treatments to prevent stroke.

In a Mendelian randomization study, Andrew B. Linden and colleagues study the relationship between height and risk of stroke subtypes among individuals from the MEGASTROKE consortium, China Kadoorie Biobank, and UK Biobank.     

向日葵根石油醚萃取部分化学成分研究

利用75%乙醇对向日葵根化学成分进行提取;再用萃取法将向日葵根化学成分乙醇提取物分为石油醚萃取物浸膏、乙酸乙酯萃取物漫膏、正丁醇萃取物浸膏;最后用常压硅胶色谱从石油醚萃取物漫膏中分离得到1个甾体类化合物A,经质谱、碳核磁共振和氢核磁共振谱鉴定,确定出其结构为β-谷甾醇。     

中国狭腹叶蜂属系统分类研究(膜翅目,叶蜂科)

厘订了中国狭腹叶蜂属种类,共报道14种,其中包括4新种:黄氏狭腹叶蜂Athlophorus huangae Wei et Nie,sp. nov.,亮翅狭腹叶蜂Athlophorus hyalopterus Wei et Nie,sp.nov.,烟翅狭腹叶蜂Athlophorus infuscatus Wei,sp.nov.,汪氏狭腹叶蜂Athlophorus wangae Nie et Wei,sp nov.,以及4个中国新纪录种:斑头狭腹叶蜂Athlophorus pilifrons(Cameron),黄褐狭腹叶蜂Athlophorus caprae Forsius,长斑狭腹叶蜂Athlophorus mimicarius Malaise和黑唇狭腹叶蜂Athlophorus gracilis(Konow).编制了中国种类检索表,新种模式标本分别保存于中南林学院昆虫标本室和中国科学院动物研究所.     

SRIF及CSH对斜带石斑鱼脑垂体生长激素合成和分泌的调控

斜带石斑鱼 (Epinepheluscoioides)属于雌性先成熟、具有性转变的雌雄同体鱼类。生长激素释放抑制因子 (SRIF)是鱼类生长激素 (GH)分泌的主要抑制性调节剂 ,半胱胺 (CSH)可抑制SRIF的作用。本文采用静态孵育系统 ,应用RPA及RIA研究SRIF及CSH对斜带石斑鱼GHmRNA表达及GH分泌的调节。结果显示 ,SRIF能以剂量依存方式抑制斜带石斑鱼脑垂体释放GH ,时间越长作用越强。但SRIF作用 2 4h对GHmR NA水平的影响不显著 ,表明SRIF是斜带石斑鱼GH释放的抑制性调节剂 ,对GHmRNA的表达没有明显影响。较低剂量的CSH (10 -4- 10 -2 mol/L)使斜带石斑鱼的GH释放量增加 ,较高剂量 (10 -1mol/L)的CSH引起的GH增加趋势减缓 ,这种现象可能与较高剂量的CSH不仅抑制下丘脑SRIF的释放 ,同时影响GHRH的释放 ,使得GH的分泌量增幅下降有关 ;无论是较高剂量还是较低剂量的CSH都不能使GHmRNA的水平增加 ,表明CSH只能引起GH的释放量增加 ,不影响GH的合成。GnRH与CSH共同作用引起的GH释放量明显高于CSH单独作用的效应 ,其主要原因是由于GnRH促进GHmRNA的表达所致