Different tissue distribution and hormonal regulation of messenger RNAs encoding rat insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins-1 and -2.

The insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 are low mol wt IGFBPs that are similar in structure. They are not glycosylated and have a homologous amino acid sequence, including the number and position of 18 cysteine residues and a carboxyl-terminal Arg-Gly-Asp sequence that can be recognized by cell adhesion receptors. The present study demonstrates that expression of mRNAs encoding the two BPs differs in some fetal rat tissues and in the livers of adult rats after hypophysectomy, fasting, or streptozotocin-induced diabetes. As determined by Northern blot hybridization using cDNA probes for rat IGFBP-2 or human IGFBP-1, both mRNAs are expressed at high levels in liver of 21-day gestation and 1-day-old rats and at lower levels in 21- and 65-day-old rat liver. Levels of both mRNAs are higher in liver than in other fetal rat tissues. The relative abundance of the two mRNAs in most fetal tissues is similar to that in liver, except that kidney and brain have 8-fold and more than 25-fold higher relative levels of IGFBP-2 mRNA, respectively. IGFBP-2 mRNA is about 10- to 20-fold increased after hypophysectomy or fasting, whereas IGFBP-1 mRNA is relatively unchanged. IGFBP-2 mRNA levels are decreased completely by refeeding fasted rats for 3 days, but only partially decreased by treatment of hypophysectomized rats with GH, cortisone acetate, T4, and testosterone for 4 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The isolation and partial characterization of neutrophil chemotactic factors from Escherichia coli.

Heat-stable, chemotactically active peptides have been obtained from Escherichia coli culture filtrates. They range in size between 150 and 1500 daltons and are anionic at neutral pH. Free carboxyl groups but not free amino groups appear to be required for activity. The N-terminal group may be blocked. There do not appear to be internal aromatic or basic residues in the chemotactically active fractions. A highly purified, not completely characterized, fraction was found to contain aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, alanine, and glycine.     

Metabolism of the obligatory aerobic yeast Rhodotorula gracilis

Summary D-Glucose and D-xylose addition to not-growing Rhodotorula gracilis cells brings about alterations in pyruvate kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activities characteristic for glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, respectively.Abbreviations used PK Pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) - PEPCK Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.32) - PFK Phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11)     

Diabetic Ketoacidosis—A Review of Cases at a University Medical Center

Twenty-five cases of diabetic ketoacidosis were studied retrospectively with respect to clinical characteristics and results of therapy. In this series (as with all 88 patients admitted in the last five years with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis) there were no deaths. Infection was found to be the most common precipitating event, documented by physical findings and cultures in one-third of these cases.In about two-thirds of the cases, electrocardiograms which were read as abnormal on admission reverted to normal after therapy.In all patients serum potassium levels decreased from admission values; one patient became symptomatically hypokalemic.Low serum potassium levels on admission and early vigorous bicarbonate therapy are emphasized as major predisposing factors of symptomatic hypokalemia. None of the patients had overt hyperosmolar coma, lactic acidosis or cerebral edema during therapy.     

Studies on the Developmental Cycle of Chlamydia trachomatis: Selective Inhibition by Hydroxyurea

Hydroxyurea, a potent inhibitor of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, inhibits the development of trachoma agent when applied at a concentration of 5 x 10(-2) M. At a lower concentration, 5 x 10(-4) M, hydroxyurea permits the development of the trachoma inclusion bodies and initial bodies, but arrests the formation of elementary bodies, the infectious entity of the agent. The inhibitory effect of 5 x 10(-4) M hydroxyurea is reversible and can be used to synchronize the development of the agent. The synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, and proteins takes place in the initial bodies after the removal of the inhibitor.     

Vagal influence on respiratory and cardiac responses of coturnix quail to heat

Measurements of heart rate, respiratory rate, surface temperature (T_s) and rectal temperature (T_re) of mature Coturnix quail were continuously recorded for 30 min at 25° and 38°C environmental temperatures. T_s and T_re increased to a maximum level within 16 and 20 min after exposure to the 38°C environment. Thermal panting was initiated after a 1.3°C rise in rectal temperature and 12 min of exposure to 38°C. Heart rate decreased consistently during the first 20 min at 38°C, then remained at the decreased level. The increase in heart rate at 38°C following atropine injection (0.1 mg/100 g body weight) and subsequent bilateral vagotomy indicated that the decrease in heart rate is the result of an increase in vagal tone and that both efferent and afferent vagi are involved in the decreased heart rate.

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Zusammenfassung Herz- und Atemfrequenz, Oberflächen- und Rektaltemperatur erwachsener Wachteln wurden bei 25° und 38°C Raumtemperatur fortlaufend während 30 Min gemessen. T_s und T_re stiegen bei 38°C innerhalb 16–20 Min zu einem maximalen Wert an. Hecheln wurde nach 1,3°C Anstieg der T_re, 12 Min nach Exponierung bei 38°C gemessen. Die Herzfrequenz fiel gleichmässig während der ersten 20 Min bei 38°C und blieb auf diesem Niveau während der weiteren Expositionszeit. Der Anstieg der Herzfrequenz nach Injektion von Atropinsulfat (0,1 mg/100 g Kp.Gew.) und nachfolgender bilateraler Vagotomie zeigte, dass der Abfall der Herzfrequenz Folge eines erhöhten Vagotonus ist, und dass sowohl die afferenten als auch die efferenten Ä ste des Vagus beteiligt sind.

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Resume On a enregistré de façon continue durant 30 min la fréquence des pulsations et de la respiration ainsi que les températures cutanée (T_S) et rectale (T_re) de cailles adultes maintenues à des températures ambiantes de 25° et de 38°C. Les deux températures (T_s et T_re) augmentent durant 16 à 20 min après que les volailles aient été mises à 38°C, pour atteindre alors leur maximum. Les oiseaux commencent à haleter après que T_re ait augmenté de 1, 3°C, soit 12 min après le début de l'exposition à 38°C. La fréquence des pulsations diminue régulièrement durant les 20 premières minutes de l'exposition à 38°C et se maintient constante par la suite. La hausse de la fréquence des pulsations à 38°C consécutive à l'injection de sulfate d'atropine (0, 1 mg pour 100 g de poids du corps), suivie de vagotomie bilatérale, montre que la diminution observée de la dite fréquence est le résultat d'une augmentation du vagotonus et que les deux branches (afférente et efférente) du nerf vague y participant.

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Scientific Paper No. 3454. College of Agriculture, Washington State University, Pullman. Project 1915.This investigation was supported in part by funds for medical and biological research by State of Washington Initiative Measure No. 171 and the Graduate School Research Funds.