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81.
A journey through time: exploring temporal patterns amongst digitized plant specimens from Australia
MD. Mohasinul Haque David A. Nipperess John B. Baumgartner Linda J. Beaumont 《分类学与生物多样性》2018,16(6):604-613
Online access to species occurrence records has opened new windows into investigating biodiversity patterns across multiple scales. The value of these records for research depends on their spatial, temporal, and taxonomic quality. We assessed temporal patterns in records from the Australasian Virtual Herbarium, asking: (1) How temporally consistent has collecting been across Australia? (2) Which areas of Australia have the most reliable records, in terms of temporal consistency and inventory completeness? (3) Are there temporal trends in the completeness of attribute information associated with records? We undertook a multi-step filtering procedure, then estimated temporal consistency and inventory completeness for sampling units (SUs) of 50?km ×?50?km. We found temporal bias in collecting, with 80% of records collected over the period 1970–1999. South-eastern Australia, the Wet Tropics in north-east Queensland, and parts of Western Australia have received the most consistent sampling effort over time, whereas much of central Australia has had low temporal consistency. Of the SUs, 18% have relatively complete inventories with high temporal consistency in sampling. We also determined that 25% of digitized records had missing attribute information. By identifying areas with low reliability, we can limit erroneous inferences about distribution patterns and identify priority areas for future sampling. 相似文献
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Jonas B. Nielsen Lars G. Fritsche Wei Zhou Tanya M. Teslovich Oddgeir L. Holmen Stefan Gustafsson Maiken E. Gabrielsen Ellen M. Schmidt Robin Beaumont Brooke N. Wolford Maoxuan Lin Chad M. Brummett Michael H. Preuss Lena Refsgaard Erwin P. Bottinger Sarah E. Graham Ida Surakka Yunhan Chu Cristen J. Willer 《American journal of human genetics》2018,102(1):103-115
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Beaumont E Lambry JC Wang ZQ Stuehr DJ Martin JL Slama-Schwok A 《Biochemistry》2007,46(47):13533-13540
The function of inducible NO synthase (WT iNOS) depends on the release of NO from the ferric heme before the enzyme is reduced. Key parameters controlling ligand dynamics include the distal and proximal heme pocket amino acids, as well as the inner solvent molecules. In this work, we tested how a point mutation in the distal heme side of WT iNOS affected the geminate rebinding of NO by ultrafast kinetics and molecular dynamics simulations. The mutation sequestered much of the photodissociated NO close to the heme compared to WT iNOS, with a main picosecond phase accounting for 78% of the rebinding to the arginine-bound Val346Ile protein. Consequently, the probability of NO release from Val346Ile decreased as compared to that from WT iNOS, provided the substrate binding site is filled. These data are rationalized by a steric effect of the Ile methyl group inducing events mediated by the substrate, transmitted via the propionates to the NO and the protein. This model is consistent with the role of the H-bonding network involving the heme, the substrate, and the BH4 cofactor in controlling NO release, with a key role of the heme propionates [Gautier et al. (2006) Nitric Oxide 15, 312]. These data support the effect of Val346Ile mutation in decreasing NO release and slowing down NO synthesis compared to WT iNOS determined by single turnover catalysis [Wang et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 19018]. 相似文献
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QTL for resistance to Salmonella carrier state confirmed in both experimental and commercial chicken lines 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
F. Calenge F. Lecerf J. Demars K. Feve F. Vignoles F. Pitel A. Vignal P. Velge N. Sellier C. Beaumont 《Animal genetics》2009,40(5):590-597
The ability of chickens to carry Salmonella without displaying disease symptoms is responsible for Salmonella propagation in poultry stocks and for subsequent human contamination through the consumption of contaminated eggs or meat. The selection of animals more resistant to carrier state might be a way to decrease the propagation of Salmonella in poultry stocks and its transmission to humans. Five QTL controlling variation for resistance to carrier state in a chicken F2 progeny derived from the White Leghorn inbred lines N and 61 had been previously identified using a selective genotyping approach. Here, a second analysis on the whole progeny was performed, which led to the confirmation of two QTL on chromosomes 2 and 16. To assess the utility of these genomic regions for selection in commercial lines, we tested them together with other QTL identified in an [N×61 ] × N backcross progeny and with the candidate genes SLC11A1 and TLR4 . We used a commercial line divergently selected for either low or high carrier-state resistance both in young chicks and in adult hens. In divergent chick lines, one QTL on chromosome 1 and one in the SLC11A1 region were significantly associated with carrier-state resistance variations; in divergent adult lines, one QTL located in the major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 16 and one in the SLC11A1 region were involved in these variations. Genetic studies conducted on experimental lines can therefore be of potential interest for marker-assisted selection in commercial lines. 相似文献