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171.
Five species of mouse or forest shrews (Myosorex) are endemic to South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland, four of which (Myosorex varius, Myosorex cafer, Myosorex longicaudatus and Myosorex cf. tenuis) are associated with montane or temperate grassland, fynbos and/or forest habitats while a fifth (Myosorex sclateri) is associated with lowland subtropical forests. Due to their small size, specialised habitat, low dispersal capacity, high metabolism and sensitivity to temperature extremes, we predicted that, particularly for montane species, future climate change should have a negative impact on area of occupancy (AOO) and ultimately extinction risks. Species distribution models (SDMs) indicated general declines in AOO of three species by 2050 under the A1b and A2 climate change scenarios (M. cafer, M. varius, M. longicaudatus) while two species (M. sclateri and M. cf. tenuis) remained unchanged (assuming no dispersal) or increased their AOO (assuming dispersal). While temperate species such as M. varius appear to be limited by temperature maxima (preferring cooler temperatures), the subtropical species M. sclateri appears to be limited by temperature minima (preferring warmer temperatures). Evidence for declines in AOO informed the uplisting (to a higher category of threat) of the Red List status of four Myosorex species to either vulnerable or endangered as part of a separate regional International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessment. 相似文献
172.
Joseph S. Baxter Nichola Johnson Katarzyna Tomczyk Andrea Gillespie Sarah Maguire Rachel Brough Laura Fachal Kyriaki Michailidou Manjeet K. Bolla Qin Wang Joe Dennis Thomas U. Ahearn Irene L. Andrulis Hoda Anton-Culver Natalia N. Antonenkova Volker Arndt Kristan J. Aronson Annelie Augustinsson Olivia Fletcher 《American journal of human genetics》2021,108(7):1190-1203
173.
Jordan DM Kiezun A Baxter SM Agarwala V Green RC Murray MF Pugh T Lebo MS Rehm HL Funke BH Sunyaev SR 《American journal of human genetics》2011,(2):770-192
Assessing the significance of novel genetic variants revealed by DNA sequencing is a major challenge to the integration of genomic techniques with medical practice. Many variants remain difficult to classify by traditional genetic methods. Computational methods have been developed that could contribute to classifying these variants, but they have not been properly validated and are generally not considered mature enough to be used effectively in a clinical setting. We developed a computational method for predicting the effects of missense variants detected in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We used a curated clinical data set of 74 missense variants in six genes associated with HCM to train and validate an automated predictor. The predictor is based on support vector regression and uses phylogenetic and structural features specific to genes involved in HCM. Ten-fold cross validation estimated our predictor's sensitivity at 94% (95% confidence interval: 83%-98%) and specificity at 89% (95% confidence interval: 72%-100%). This corresponds to an odds ratio of 10 for a prediction of pathogenic (95% confidence interval: 4.0-infinity), or an odds ratio of 9.9 for a prediction of benign (95% confidence interval: 4.6-21). Coverage (proportion of variants for which a prediction was made) was 57% (95% confidence interval: 49%-64%). This performance exceeds that of existing methods that are not specifically designed for HCM. The accuracy of this predictor provides support for the clinical use of automated predictions alongside family segregation and population frequency data in the interpretation of new missense variants and suggests future development of similar tools for other diseases. 相似文献
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Insaidoo FK Borbulevych OY Hossain M Santhanagopolan SM Baxter TK Baker BM 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2011,286(46):40163-40173
Modification of the primary anchor positions of antigenic peptides to improve binding to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins is a commonly used strategy for engineering peptide-based vaccine candidates. However, such peptide modifications do not always improve antigenicity, complicating efforts to design effective vaccines for cancer and infectious disease. Here we investigated the MART-1(27-35) tumor antigen, for which anchor modification (replacement of the position two alanine with leucine) dramatically reduces or ablates antigenicity with a wide range of T cell clones despite significantly improving peptide binding to MHC. We found that anchor modification in the MART-1(27-35) antigen enhances the flexibility of both the peptide and the HLA-A*0201 molecule. Although the resulting entropic effects contribute to the improved binding of the peptide to MHC, they also negatively impact T cell receptor binding to the peptide·MHC complex. These results help explain how the "anchor-fixing" strategy fails to improve antigenicity in this case, and more generally, may be relevant for understanding the high specificity characteristic of the T cell repertoire. In addition to impacting vaccine design, modulation of peptide and MHC flexibility through changes to antigenic peptides may present an evolutionary strategy for the escape of pathogens from immune destruction. 相似文献
177.
Andrew Smith Gordon Smith David F. Lappin Helen C. Baxter Anita Jones Robert L. Baxter 《Biofouling》2014,30(1):29-39
Dental handpieces (DHPs) become biofouled internally with patient derived material that is difficult to access for removal and inactivation. This study undertook a quantitative and qualitative investigation of protein contamination of internal components from three different types of DHP: the turbine, slow speed contra-angle and surgical. Eluates from the high speed turbine, low speed spray channels and surgical gear were assayed for protein using an orthophthaldehyde assay. Eluates concentrated by Amicon ultrafiltration were also analysed by SDS-PAGE, mass spectroscopy, Western blotting and ELISA. The surfaces of handpiece components were also investigated by SEM, EFSCAN and EDAX microscopy. Surgical gears contained highest levels of protein (403?μg), followed by low speed spray channels (17.7?μg) and the high speed turbine (<5?μg). Mass spectroscopy of surgical gears demonstrated mostly serum derived proteins. Decontamination of the DHPs using an automated washer disinfector and handpiece irrigator showed a significant reduction in residual protein levels. 相似文献
178.
Audun Midthassel Simon R. Leather Denis J. Wright Ian H. Baxter 《Biocontrol Science and Technology》2014,24(3):361-374
The whitefly and thrips predator Typhlodromips swirskii (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) can be reared on the factitious astigmatid mite Suidasia medanensis (Oudemans) (Acari: Suidasiidae). The predator–prey relationship allows the system to be incorporated into a breeding sachet which releases predators into a crop over several weeks ensuring predator presence on arrival of the target pests and increased predator numerical response on the crop through immigration from the breeding sachet. This study investigated whether the prey preference and functional and numerical response of T. swirskii to different development stages of S. medanensis can provide understanding of the predator–prey interactions sustaining such a breeding sachet. T. swirskii elicited a strong preference to egg stages of S. medanensis, exhibited a Type II functional response and increased oviposition rate with increasing prey density. The relevance of these attributes to a balanced breeding sachet is discussed. 相似文献
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Alize J. Ferrari Rosana E. Norman Greg Freedman Amanda J. Baxter Jane E. Pirkis Meredith G. Harris Andrew Page Emily Carnahan Louisa Degenhardt Theo Vos Harvey A. Whiteford 《PloS one》2014,9(4)