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81.
Genetic Fine‐Mapping and Identification of Candidate Genes and Variants for Adiposity Traits in Outbred Rats
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Gregory R. Keele Jeremy W. Prokop Hong He Katie Holl John Littrell Aaron Deal Sanja Francic Leilei Cui Daniel M. Gatti Karl W. Broman Michael Tschannen Shirng‐Wern Tsaih Maie Zagloul Yunjung Kim Brittany Baur Joseph Fox Melanie Robinson Shawn Levy Michael J. Flister Richard Mott Leah C. Solberg Woods 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2018,26(1):213-222
82.
Bruno Baur Lars Fröberg Anette Baur Richard Guggenheim Martin Haase 《Nordic Journal of Botany》2000,20(1):119-128
The identification of damaged lichens is often difficult due to changes in the morphology of regenerating specimens. We examined the Ultrastructure of grazing damages to four species of calcicolous lichens ( Aspicilia calcarea, Physcia adscendens, Tephromela atra and Xanthoria parietina ) and free-living cyanobacteria (family Chroococcaceae) caused by individuals of four species of land snails ( Chondrina clienta, Balea perversa, Clausilia bidentata and Helicigona lapicida ). We also investigated the radular structure of the four lichen-feeding snails to examine whether differences in radular morphology result in species-specific grazing damages. Individuals of all four snail species removed the cyanobacteria layer covering the limestone or lichen surfaces. The four lichen species were grazed to a different extent by the different snail species. SEM-images showed that B. perversa left distinct depressions on the thalli of A. calcarea , whereas H. lapicida grazed off the thalli of this lichen rather evenly. Both snail species left visible radular traces on the lichen surface. In contrast, Ch. clienta left shallow depressions without radular traces on the thalli of A. calcarea. In Tephromela atra , grazing damages were observed on both thallus and ascocarp. Ascocarps of T. atra were partly grazed by B. perversa. Helicigona lapicida grazing on T. atra removed more or less evenly the entire lichen tissue including the ascocarps. In foliose lichens, grazing by Ch. clienta, B. perversa and Cl. bidentata resulted in depressions of different depths, while H. lapicida removed entire pieces of the thalli. In general, radular traces were less distinct in foliose lichens than in crustose lichens. 相似文献
83.
Conversion of l-homocysteine into ethionine and of methionine into S-methylcysteine in apple tissues is demonstrated. 相似文献
84.
Aqueous extracts of yaupon (Ilex vomitoria) fruit inhibited root growth of germinating cucumber seedlings. The inhibitory factor was slightly soluble in 80% ethanol, stable when stored up to 210 days at 22°C in amber bottles and resisted breakdown when stored at -2°C or 6°C. Some loss of activity was evident in boiled extracts. Extraction of fruit of varying degrees of maturity indicated that the concentration of the inhibitor(s) in mature fruit was greater than in green fruit. The data suggest that the factor affects growth of the root rather than inhibiting germination. 相似文献
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86.
Erwin Baur 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1910,3(1):34-98
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
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Delta (δ) subunit containing GABAA receptors are expressed extra‐synaptically and mediate tonic inhibition. In cerebellar granule cells, they often form a receptor together with α6 subunits. We were interested to determine the architecture of these receptors. We predefined the subunit arrangement of 24 different GABAA receptor pentamers by subunit concatenation. These receptors (composed of α6, β3 and δ subunits) were expressed in Xenopus oocytes and their electrophysiological properties analyzed. Currents elicited in response to GABA were determined in presence and absence of 3α, 21‐dihydroxy‐5α‐pregnan‐20‐one and to 4,5,6,7‐tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4‐c]‐pyridin‐3‐ol. α6‐β3‐α6/δ receptors showed a substantial response to GABA alone. Three receptors, β3‐α6‐δ/α6‐β3, α6‐β3‐α6/β3‐δ and β3‐δ‐β3/α6‐β3, were only uncovered in the combined presence of the neurosteroid 3α, 21‐dihydroxy‐5α‐pregnan‐20‐one with GABA. All four receptors were activated by 4,5,6,7‐tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4‐c]‐pyridin‐3‐ol. None of the functional receptors was modulated by physiological concentrations (up to 30 mM) of ethanol. GABA concentration response curves indicated that the δ subunit can contribute to the formation of an agonist site. We conclude from the investigated receptors that the δ subunit can assume multiple positions in a receptor pentamer composed of α6, β3 and δ subunits. 相似文献