Background
Cancer patients when treated with different chemotherapeutic drugs often develop mild to severe sight threatening diseases during or after chemotherapy. The mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of ocular toxicities is poorly understood. Oxidative stress, inflammation and MMPs (angiogenic factor) are involved in the progression of chemotherapy related ocular disorders.Materials and methods
The concentration of oxidative stress markers such as MDA, NO and levels of different antioxidant molecules such as SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx, GPr, VIT A, VIT E and VIT C present in the serum of chemotherapy treated patients (n?=?50) and in normal persons (n?=?20) were estimated by the direct spectrophotometric method while the concentration of TNF-α and MMP-9 activity were determined using human TNF-α and MMP-9 ELISA kits.Results
The concentration of SOD and CAT (0.356?±?0.05?μg/dl and 1.26?±?0.01?μmol/mol of protein) was significantly lower as compared to that (1.09?±?0.03?μg/dl and 3.99?±?0.04?μmol/mol of protein) in controls. The levels of GPx (0.06?±?0.01?mmol/dl) in the cancer patients were much lower than those in the controls (0.78?±?0.06?mmol/dl). Lower level of GSH (0.96?±?0.003?μg/dl) in serum of the diseased group was observed as compared to healthy group (7.26?±?1.40?μg/dl). The level of Vit A, Vit C and Vit E was lower in systemic circulation of cancer patients (109.99?±?6.35?μg/ml, 1.26?±?0.36?μg/ml and 1.29?±?0.191?μg/ml) as compared to control subjects (166.35?±?14.26?μg/ml, 3.25?±?0.099?μg/ml and 6.354?±?2.26?μg/ml) respectively. The concentration of nitric oxide was significantly higher in the cancer patients (45.26?±?6.35?ng/ml) than that in the normal subjects (16.35?±?3.26?ng/ml). The higher concentration of MDA (8.65?±?3.26?nmol/ml) was observed in the patients than normal ones (1.254?±?0.065?nmol/ml). The quantity of TNF-α was significantly higher in chemotherapy treated patients (32.68?±?4.33?pg/ml) as compared to the control group (20.979?±?1.98?pg/ml). Significantly higher concentration of MMP-9 (40.26?±?3.26?ng/ml) was observed in the cancer patients than the controls (7.256?±?1.95?ng/ml).Conclusion
Lower levels of antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic small molecules and higher levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory clinical parameters such as NO, MDA, TNF-α and MMP-9 may be involved in the pathogenesis of systemic chemotherapy related ocular complications such as cataract, glaucoma, blepharitis, retinitis pigmentosa, macular degeneration, pterygium and retinal degeneration. 相似文献Background
Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) is a rare low-grade tumour of salivary glands that was first described as a distinct entity in 1994 by Milchgrub et al. EWSR1-ATF1 fusion was found to be specific for this tumour. The majority of the reported cases of HCCC arise from minor salivary glands within the oral cavity. Primary HCCC of the paranasal sinus is extremely uncommon. To our knowledge, only three cases have been reported in the English literature. Herein, we present a case of HCCC of the posterior ethmoid/maxillary sinus.Case presentation
A 63-year-old lady who presented with a long history of epistaxis. CT scan revealed a destructive mass in the left ethmoid/posterior maxillary sinus extending to the nasal cavity. Surgical excision was done and microscopic evaluation showed a tumour composed mainly of nests of clear epithelial cells separated by fibrocellular and hyalinized septa with extensive bone destruction. The tumour cells expressed CK5/6, EMA and p63 immunohistochemically but were negative for S100 protein, PAX-8, RCC and CK7. Sinonasal renal cell–like adenocarcinomas, myoepithelial carcinoma and metastatic renal cell carcinoma were excluded by radiological and immunohistochemical studies. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed an EWSR1 gene rearrangement. Postoperative radiation was administrated and the patient did not show recurrence or distant metastasis 4 months after the surgery.Conclusion
Head and neck region have many tumours that demonstrate clear cell changes on histology. Thus, the differential diagnosis for HCCC is wide. Awareness of this rare entity and the possibility of it is arising in unusual location is necessary. EWSR1-AFT1 fusion, a consistent finding in HCCC, can be used to confirm the diagnosis.Depression and Anxiety are two important public health problems that are known to be associated with viral infections. The association between the intake of nutrients such as zinc and copper with symptoms of depression has been studied previously. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between depression with human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection and serum content of zinc and copper in a large Iranian population cohort. The study population consisted of 279 HTLV-1-positive patients who were identified after recruitment as part of a large cohort study: the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Association Disorder (MASHAD) study. They were divided into two groups of diagnosed with or without depression based on their symptoms. Serum zinc and copper levels of all subjects were measured using the flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The population sample comprised of 279 individuals infected with HTLV-1 of whom 192 (68.8%) were women. The mean serum zinc in the group with and without depression was 78.69 ± 13.79 μg/dl and 86.87 ± 19.44 μg/dl, respectively (p < 0.001). Also, the serum copper level was higher in the depressive group (116.75 ± 39.56) than in the non-depressive group (104.76 ± 30.77) (p 0.004). The association between serum zinc and copper with depression in HTLV-1-infected patients which was shown in this study could be considered in the treatment strategies in these patients.
相似文献Caucasian apple trees (Malus orientalis) grow individually or in small groups with a scattered distribution pattern throughout the Hyrcanian forest. The wild gene pool in such trees has a high genetic diversity which is highly important for apple breeders. Micropropagation can be advantageous due to its quick propagation for apple breeders as well as its maintenance of in vitro and in vivo germplasm collection and exchange. Here, for the first time, we investigated the in vitro propagation of M. orientalis from three populations by collecting axillary buds and established a micropropagation protocol. Two strengths of Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium (full and half) in combination with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) were tested for optimal multiplication. The interaction among the BA concentrations, MS strength, and populations was effective in the promotion of shoot development across the three populations. The average number of the produced shoots, shoot length, and number of leaves was significantly affected by this triple interaction. As a result, BA at the concentration of 0.4 mg L−1 worked for all the populations. The results showed that a rooting percentage of 77.8% was obtained on half strength Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) medium in combination with 0.9 mg L−1 3-indole butyric acid (IBA). However, the subculture of shoots on half strength LS medium supplemented with 0.9 mg L−1 IBA increased rooting percentage up to 96% and produced the highest number of roots (7.18 roots per shoot).
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