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Anat Fields Peter P. Li Stephen J. Kish & Jerry J. Warsh 《Journal of neurochemistry》1999,73(4):1704-1710
Previous observations of reduced [3H]cyclic AMP binding in postmortem brain regions from bipolar affective disorder subjects imply cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase function may be altered in this illness. To test this hypothesis, basal and stimulated cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity was determined in cytosolic and particulate fractions of postmortem brain from bipolar disorder patients and matched controls. Maximal enzyme activity was significantly higher (104%) in temporal cortex cytosolic fractions from bipolar disorder brain compared with matched controls. In temporal cortex particulate fractions and in the cytosolic and particulate fractions of other brain regions, smaller but statistically nonsignificant increments in maximal enzyme activity were detected. Basal cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity was also significantly higher (40%) in temporal cortex cytosolic fractions of bipolar disorder brain compared with controls. Estimated EC50 values for cyclic AMP activation of this kinase were significantly lower (70 and 58%, respectively) in both cytosolic and particulate fractions of temporal cortex from bipolar disorder subjects compared with controls. These findings suggest that higher cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity in bipolar disorder brain may be associated with a reduction of regulatory subunits of this enzyme, reflecting a possible adaptive response of this transducing enzyme to increased cyclic AMP signaling in this disorder. 相似文献
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Daniela Ben‐Tov Anat Idan‐Molakandov Anat Hugger Ilan Ben‐Shlush Markus Günl Bo Yang Björn Usadel Smadar Harpaz‐Saad 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2018,94(3):497-512
The production of hydrophilic mucilage along the course of seed coat epidermal cell differentiation is a common adaptation in angiosperms. Previous studies have identified COBRA‐LIKE 2 (COBL2), a member of the COBRA‐LIKE gene family, as a novel component required for crystalline cellulose deposition in seed coat epidermal cells. In recent years, Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells (SCEs), also called mucilage secretory cells, have emerged as a powerful model system for the study of plant cell wall components biosynthesis, secretion, assembly and de muro modification. Despite accumulating data, the molecular mechanism of COBL function remains largely unknown. In the current research, we utilized genetic interactions to study the role of COBL2 as part of the protein network required for seed mucilage production. Using correlative phenotyping of structural and biochemical characteristics, unique features of the cobl2 extruded mucilage are revealed, including: ‘unraveled’ ray morphology, loss of primary cell wall ‘pyramidal’ organization, reduced Ruthenium red staining intensity of the adherent mucilage layer, and increased levels of the monosaccharides arabinose and galactose. Examination of the cobl2cesa5 double mutant provides insight into the interface between COBL function and cellulose deposition. Additionally, genetic interactions between cobl2 and fei1fei2 as well as between each of these mutants to mucilage‐modified 2 (mum2) suggest that COBL2 functions independently of the FEI‐SOS pathway. Altogether, the presented data place COBL2 within the complex protein network required for cell wall deposition in the context of seed mucilage and introduce new methodology expending the seed mucilage phenotyping toolbox. 相似文献
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Shir Zer-Krispil Hila Zak Lisha Shao Shir Ben-Shaanan Lea Tordjman Assa Bentzur Anat Shmueli Galit Shohat-Ophir 《Current biology : CB》2018,28(9):1445-1452.e3
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Abstract: Various glycolipid-binding toxins are internalized from the cell surface to the Golgi apparatus. Prominent among these is cholera toxin (CT), which consists of a pentameric B subunit that binds to ganglioside GM1 and an A subunit that mediates toxicity. We now demonstrate that rhodamine (Rh)-CT can be further internalized from the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in cultured hippocampal neurons and in neuroblastoma N18TG-2 cells and that the A subunit is essential for retrograde transport to the ER. In addition, the rate of internalization of Rh-CT to the Golgi apparatus and ER decreases dramatically as hippocampal neurons mature. The Golgi apparatus was labeled in almost all 1-day-old neurons after <1 h of incubation with Rh-CT but was labeled in <10% of 14-day-old neurons after 1 h. During the first 14 days in culture, there was a 15-fold increase in the number of 125 I-CT-binding sites per cell, indicating that the decrease in the rate of internalization of Rh-CT is not due to reduced levels of cell surface GM1 in older neurons. These results imply that the rate of retrograde transport of CT from the plasma membrane to the Golgi apparatus and ER is regulated during neuronal development and differentiation. 相似文献
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Anat Erdreich-Epstein Ming Liu Yenbou Liu Donald L. Durden 《Experimental cell research》1997,237(2):288
Fc-receptor stimulation in myeloid cells results in increased oxygen consumption, termed the respiratory burst, which is coupled to a rapid and transient increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins. In a previous paper in this journal we showed that the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) inhibitors sodium orthovanadate and phenylarsine oxide (PAO) block the FcγRI-induced respiratory burst in interferon-γ-differentiated U937 cells (U937IF) while augmenting the FcγRI-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins. Herein we examine the effects of PTPase inhibitors on specific molecules involved in FcγRI signaling. We show that orthovanadate and PAO augmented the FcγRI-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the adaptor protein CBL. CBL interactions with other phosphoproteins, among them SHC and CRKL, were also augmented in response to pretreatment with the PTPase inhibitors. SHC was tyrosine phosphorylated in response to FcγRI stimulation of U937IF cells and bound to the SH2 domain of GRB2 in a stimulation-dependent manner. In fusion protein pull-down experiments the interaction of SHC with the SH2 domain of GRB2 was increased in PTPase inhibitor pretreated U937IF cells in response to FcγRI stimulation. Our data support the hypothesis that a tyrosine dephosphorylation event is required for effective transmission of the FcγRI signal to result in activation of the myeloid respiratory burst response. 相似文献
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