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71.
Oviposition by Lucilia cuprina Wiedemann (Diptera, Calliphoridae) was examined in relation to period of oviposition site-deprivation and egg-load. Effects of oviposition site-deprivation were examined by comparing oviposition performance of individual females that had matured their batch of oocytes within the previous 24 h with that of females which had reached ovarian maturity 8 days previously. Egg-load was manipulated by causing females of this anautogenous species to consume different amounts of protein-rich material. In no-choice experiments, individual females of the different categories were given access for 4 h to oviposition substrate, soaked with (i) liver exudate, (ii) the exudate diluted 16-fold or (iii) the undilated exudate containing the oviposition deterrent sodium chloride at a concentration of 2 M. These solutions elicited oviposition from different proportions of females, but neither these proportions, nor the interval between introduction of the oviposition site and the initiation of oviposition, was significantly affected by the period of oviposition site-deprivation or the number of eggs matured by the females.
Résumé L'effet de la privation de lieu de ponte a été étudié en comparant les pontes de femelles isolées ayant formé leurs ufs mûrs dans les 24 heures précédentes, à celles de femelles ayant atteint leur maturité sexuelle 8 jours avant. La rétention ovocytaire est provoquée en faisant consommer aux femelles de cette espèce anautogène différentes quantités d'aliments riches en protéines. La ponte de femelles dont le contingent total de leurs ovocytes s'est développé, — c'est-à-dire 260 —, après consommation ad libitum de foie de mouton pendant 48 heures, a été comparée à celle de femelles ayant formé 190 ovocytes mûrs après ingestion d'une quantité limitée de jus de foie.Dans des expériences sans choix, les femelles isolées de différences catégories ont eu accès pendant 4 heures au substrat de ponte trempé: 1) dans du jus de foie, 2) dans du jus dilué 16 fois, 3) dans du jus de foie non dilué mais contenant NaCl (inhibiteur de la ponte) à la concentration de 2 M. Le jus non dilué a provoqué une forte stimulation, induisant la ponte de 80% des femelles. Le jus dilué et celui contenant NaCl n'ont induit la ponte que de 40% des femelles avec des niveaux de stimulation bien plus faibles. La date d'introduction du lieu de ponte et le taux de rétention des ovocytes mûrs n'ont eu auçun effet sur la proportion de femelles réagissant à ces 3 types de stimulation.
  相似文献   
72.
Mouse embryos at the 2-cell stage were cultured in the presence of cytochalasin B (CB), cytochalasin D (CD), colchicine (COL) or colcemid (COM) for up to 72 h. Cleavage was arrested in the 2-cell and 8-cell embryos cultured in CB or CD but the blastomeres continued to differentiate, since chromosome replication occurred in the blastomeres at approximately the same time as control embryos underwent cleavage; an increase in the incorporation of [3H]uridine into RNA was also detected. Furthermore, the cleavage-arrested embryos acquired the necessary information to undergo morphogenesis; these embryos when explanted to fresh medium after 48 h culture in CB or CD underwent compaction within 15–60 min and started to cavitate to produce trophoblastic vesicles within 5–6 h at the same time as when the control embryos were undergoing compaction and beginning to form blastocoelic cavities. In contrast, the embryos arrested in the presence of COM or COL showed none of these differentiative, biochemical or morphogenetic changes. Hence, differentiation of blastomeres and morphogenesis is apparently coupled with nuclear divisions and the information does not reside within the blastomeres at the 2-cell or 8-cell stage. The trophoblastic vesicles produced after cleavage arrest subsequently gave rise to only trophoblast giant cells and no embryonic derivatives were detected.  相似文献   
73.
Nucleotide-metabolizing enzymes and lymphocyte differentiation   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Summary Inherited deficiencies of adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase have been found to be associated with certain immunodeficiency syndromes which are characterized by deficiencies of mature peripheral lymphocytes. The immunodeficiency states associated with these enzyme deficiencies are thought to arise from blocks in lymphocyte differentiation. Deficiencies of these enzymes have profound and apparently selective effects on lymphocyte differention. Their discovery has focused attention on previously unknown relationships between purine nucleotide metabolism and lymphocyte development and function. In this article three aspects of nucleotide-metabolizing enzymes and lymphocyte differentiation will be discussed: 1) the distribution of the enzymes among lymphocyte populations at differing stages of differentiation; 2) the possible biochemical mechanisms which give rise to the immunodeficiencies; 3) the stages of lymphocyte differentiation which are affected by the enzyme deficiencies.  相似文献   
74.
Sizes of meals of 0·5 M sucrose taken by adults of either sex of Chortoicetes terminifera showed a strong positive correlation with the weight loss of the insects during the preceding 24 hr period of food deprivation. The relationship was less marked in males fed water, and there was no relationship in those fed 1·0 M sucrose. Meal size in females fed water was as strongly weight loss dependent as in those fed 0·5 M sucrose, but was less so in those fed 1·0 M sucrose. The results indicated that changes occurring after the completion of gut emptying influence meal size.  相似文献   
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A general monomer-dimer equilibrium system involving ligand interactions ispresented. Cooperativity features of specific limited models are analyzed by selecting the appropriate family of equilibrium constants from this general scheme. Each system is then characterized in terms of Hill coefficient dependency on alterations in values of equilibrium constants and total acceptor concentration. This method permits comparison of predicted cooperativity trends between systems. Contrasting reports concerning cooperativity dependencies for certain defined equilibrium systems are compared and the discrepancies resolved. Characteristics of cooperativity binding patterns are shown to include symmetry about dimerization association constant values, both positive and negative cooperativity for a single set of parameters, and significant changes in cooperativity features with relatively small changes in equilibrium parameters.  相似文献   
79.
In order to test for the specific therapeutic effects of thermal biofeedback (TBF) for hand warming on vascular headache (HA), 70 patients with chronic vascular HA were randomly assigned to TBF for hand warming, TBF for hand cooling, TBF for stabilization of hand temperature, or biofeedback to suppress alpha in the EEG. Patients in each condition initially had high levels of expectation of therapeutic benefit and found the treatment rationales highly credible. Participants in each condition received 12 treatment sessions on a twice-per-week basis. Based on daily HA diary data gathered for 4 weeks prior to treatment and 4 weeks after treatment, HA Index was significantly (p=.003) reduced as was HA medication consumption. There were no differential reducations in HA Index or Medication Index among the four conditions. Global self-reports of improvement gathered at the end of the post-treatment monitoring period also did not differ among the four conditions. We were unable to demonstrate a specific effect of TBF for hand warming on vascular HA activity.  相似文献   
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