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61.
62.
MCW Chan CY Cheung WH Chui SW Tsao JM Nicholls YO Chan RWY Chan HT Long LLM Poon Y Guan JSM Peiris 《Respiratory research》2005,6(1):135
Background
Fatal human respiratory disease associated with influenza A subtype H5N1 has been documented in Hong Kong, and more recently in Vietnam, Thailand and Cambodia. We previously demonstrated that patients with H5N1 disease had unusually high serum levels of IP-10 (interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10). Furthermore, when compared with human influenza virus subtype H1N1, the H5N1 viruses in 1997 (A/Hong Kong/483/97) (H5N1/97) were more potent inducers of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. tumor necrosis factor-a) and chemokines (e.g. IP-10) from primary human macrophages in vitro, which suggests that cytokines dysregulation may play a role in pathogenesis of H5N1 disease. Since respiratory epithelial cells are the primary target cell for replication of influenza viruses, it is pertinent to investigate the cytokine induction profile of H5N1 viruses in these cells.Methods
We used quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA to compare the profile of cytokine and chemokine gene expression induced by H5N1 viruses A/HK/483/97 (H5N1/97), A/Vietnam/1194/04 and A/Vietnam/3046/04 (both H5N1/04) with that of human H1N1 virus in human primary alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells in vitro.Results
We demonstrated that in comparison to human H1N1 viruses, H5N1/97 and H5N1/04 viruses were more potent inducers of IP-10, interferon beta, RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in primary human alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. Recent H5N1 viruses from Vietnam (H5N1/04) appeared to be even more potent at inducing IP-10 than H5N1/97 virus.Conclusion
The H5N1/97 and H5N1/04 subtype influenza A viruses are more potent inducers of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in primary human respiratory epithelial cells than subtype H1N1 virus. We suggest that this hyper-induction of cytokines may be relevant to the pathogenesis of human H5N1 disease. 相似文献63.
64.
65.
Multidimensional heteronuclear NMR studies have been applied to the
resonance assignment and conformational analysis of 13C-enriched
Neu5Acalpha2-3Galbeta1-4Glc. It is demonstrated that three-dimensional
ROESY-HSQC experiments provide through-space distance restraints which
cannot be observed with conventional homonuclear 1H techniques due to
resonance overlap. In particular, connectivities demonstrating the
existence of the "anti" conformation about the Galbeta1-4Glc glycosidic
linkage are unambiguously observed. It is shown that 13C isotopic
enrichment of the trisaccharide at a level >95% enables straightforward
measurement of trans-glycosidic 1H-13C and 13C-13C coupling constants and a
Karplus-type relation is derived for the latter. In total 15 conformational
restraints were obtained for the trisaccharide in aqueous solution, all of
which were in excellent agreement with theoretical parameters computed from
a 5 ns molecular dynamics simulation of the glycan.
相似文献
66.
S W Barthold 《The Journal of protozoology》1991,38(6):131S-133S
The influence of viruses and bacteria on Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is suspected but not known for certain. A number of adventitious viruses and bacteria are common among commercially available and institutionally raised rodents, which may impact upon, or interfere with, the induction of PCP in rodents in several ways. Based upon the biological behavior and prevalence of certain rodent agents, the potential for such impact is great. Infectious agents can directly interfere with research by inducing severe disease in the immunocompromised host. They may also influence the course of P. carinii infection or disease via direct effects upon the respiratory tract or via indirect effects on lymphoreticular cells or other organ systems. Examples of likely agents and their potential effects are discussed. 相似文献
67.
Susceptibility of laboratory mice to intranasal and contact infection with coronaviruses of other species 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The susceptibility of laboratory mice to intranasal and contact infection with mouse hepatitis virus (MHV)-related coronaviruses was tested in infant CD1 mice. One day old mouse pups were inoculated intranasally with respiratory MHV-S, enteric MHV-Y, rat sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV), human coronavirus OC43 (HCV-OC43) or bovine coronavirus (BCV). Twenty-four hours later, they were placed in direct contact with age matched sham inoculated pups. Indices of infection in virus inoculated mice included lesions by histopathology and viral antigen by immunoperoxidase histochemistry in brain, lung, liver and intestine at 3 days after inoculation. Indices of infection in contact mice included mortality or seroconversion by 21 days after exposure. Infant mice were susceptible to infection with all five viruses. Transmission by direct contact exposure occurred with MHV and SDAV, but not HCV or BCV. Furthermore, adult mice were not susceptible to infection with HCV. Tissue distribution of lesions and antigen varied markedly among viruses, indicating that they do not induce the same disease as MHV. This study demonstrates that although these coronaviruses are antigenically closely related, they are biologically different viruses and disease patterns in susceptible infant mice can be used to differentiate viruses. 相似文献
68.
Mouse hepatitis virus immunofluorescence in formalin- or Bouin's-fixed tissues using trypsin digestion 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Mouse hepatitis viral antigens were demonstrated by immunofluorescence in formalin- and Bouin's-fixed tissues processed routinely for histopathology followed by partial digestion with trypsin. Staining was superior in tissues fixed in formalin and was not diminished in tissue sections from paraffin blocks stored at room temperature as long as 2 years. The relative ease of this procedure and the commercial availability of reagents makes this a useful technique for the definitive diagnosis of mouse hepatitis virus infection. 相似文献
69.
70.