Hyaluronic acid salt — a mechanoelectrical transducer

Hyaluronic acid transduces a very gentle pressure into an electrical potential. Such pressure, depending on its direction, changes the optical rotary dispersion properties of the salt, either increasing the rotation in the direction already shown by the unpressured salt or changing and increasing the rotation in the opposite direction. These findings have implications for understanding the funtion of the cochlear and vestibular fluids, renal function, and the approximation to frictionless motion of normal joints.     

Hospital pharmacy committees in England: Their structure,function, and development.

A total of 150 chief and group chief pharmacists in England took part in a survey of the structure and role of pharmacy committees in hospitals. Just over half of the hospitals had such a committee. About two-thirds of these dealt only with pharmacy matters and one-third dealt also with other matters. The number of new committees set up increased slowly until 1967 and then showed a sharp rise. Their terms of reference, membership, and manner of appointment varied greatly. Among subjects dealt with the cost of drugs and the introduction of new prescribing sheets were prominent. Many of the respondents believed that the work of the committees, often with the help of smaller, more specialized groups, had significantly improved various aspects of the local supply and use of drugs.     

佛山城市典型森林群落土壤重金属分布、流通及枯落物富集特征

富集重金属的枯落物分解可能提高重金属暴露率,增加人体接触健康风险。为了解南方城市土壤重金属在森林生态系统中的分布及流转情况,通过调查研究了佛山市8个典型森林群落土壤及枯落物重金属含量,分析了各森林群落枯落物对不同重金属的富集效应及重金属随枯落物回归土壤流通量。结果表明：1）城市森林各土壤重金属含量在不同典型群落间差异显著（P<0.05）,差异最大为Pb、Cr、Zn,As、Cu、Ni次之,Hg、Cd最小;土层深度（0-20,20-40,40-60 cm）对重金属含量影响显著（P<0.05）,差异最大为Cd、Hg,其次为As、Cu,最小为Zn、Ni、Pb、Cr。整体上,Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Zn在0-20 cm最高,表层富集特征明显,Cr和Ni在40-60 cm最高。2）8个森林群落中阴香-白楸-醉香含笑群落（CMMC）枯落物对8种重金属的综合富集系数（TBCF,66.76）最高,其中以Cd的富集效果最突出,富集系数为44.45,且对Pb、Cu、Zn也相对富集;最低的为黧蒴锥-香椿-樟树群落（CTCC）,综合富集系数（TBCF）为8.09,仅对Cd、Cr、Cu相对富集,对其余重金属富集效应不明显。3）相关分析显示,群落重金属枯落物流通量与0-60 cm土壤重金属平均含量（Cr和Ni除外）无显著相关性。本研究对城市森林建设管理及筛选重金属富集植物及群落具有较强理论及实践意义。     

三峡库区多年高水位运行对消落带狗牙根生长恢复的影响

为深入了解三峡库区多年高水位运行对消落带优势植物生长恢复的影响,分别于2008年和2017年定量调研了库区长寿段消落带狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)种群的变化,探讨了库区高水位运行对消落带狗牙根萌发、生长和物质分配的影响。结果表明,多年的高水位运行导致不定芽形成和萌发显著被促进,形成更多的分株;高水位运行导致狗牙根分株的株高、茎宽和叶片数被显著抑制,而叶长和种群的总叶片数被显著促进,且随着消落带水位的降低叶长呈降低趋势,而叶宽和总叶片数呈增加趋势;高水位运行导致狗牙根种群匍匐茎和地下茎的茎长、茎节数和总茎长均被显著促进,且随着消落带水位降低匍匐茎茎长和茎节数呈显著的降低趋势,而地下茎茎长和茎节数呈增加趋势;高水位运行导致狗牙根地下茎储存的干质量呈增加趋势,而分株和匍匐茎的干质量呈降低趋势,而且在种群物质分配中地下茎所占的比例呈增大趋势,低水位狗牙根种群的分株和高水位种群的匍匐茎所占的比例也呈增加趋势。因此,狗牙根不仅具有很强的耐淹和生长恢复能力,也具有很强的拓殖能力,可以作为库区中低位消落带恢复和重建的主要原生物种。     

小麦倒春寒研究现状与进展

由于全球气候变暖,近年来小麦低温灾害事件频发,尤其是拔节-孕穗期的倒春寒灾害已成为制约小麦产量和品质的重要因素之一。本文综述了小麦倒春寒灾害的发生特点(鉴定与分级、时空特征),倒春寒对小麦生理特性(叶片、茎秆、穗部、根系)和产量、质量的影响,总结了抗倒春寒小麦育种、倒春寒危害的分子生物学机制及灾害的监测预警与风险评估等方面的研究进展,并从小麦抗倒春寒遗传基础、倒春寒危害小麦评价体系和防控技术体系等方面进行了展望,以期为抗倒春寒小麦品种的遗传改良和栽培调控新措施的建立提供理论依据。