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21.
T. N. Khoshoo R. C. Mehra K. Bose 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1969,39(3):133-140
Summary
Ruellia tweediana and R. tuberosa are large flowered chasmogamous diploids (n=17) with normal meiosis and fertility. F
1 hybrids, successful in only one direction (R. tweediana x R. tuberosa), are vegetatively vigorous and possess 17 often heteromorphic bivalents with high degree of segregational irregularities. It is exclusively cleistogamous and completely pollen and seed sterile. Like F
1, the artificial amphidiploid (n=34) is also cleistogamous but shows preferential chromosome pairing with complete restoration of fertility. The parental chromosomes are sufficiently differentiated and cleistogamy is either genie or due to gene-cytoplasm interaction but sterility is entirely chromosomal. All floral parts excepting calyx are highly deformed. Such a deformity is associated with sterility in the F
1 but with fertility in the amphidiploid. This is perhaps the first case of origin by hybridization of a true breeding and fully fertile cleistogamous taxon from two chasmogamous species. It also shows the extent and nature of change in breeding system brought about by hybridization and/or polyploidy.The chromosome numbers in the six, out of 16, obligate cleistogamous taxa (Table 4) show that they are high polyploids. Perhaps their origin has been in the same manner as in the present case.
Zusammenfassung Ruellia tweediana und R. tuberosa sind großblütige, chasmogame Diploide (n=17) mit normaler Meiosis und Fertilität. Die F 1-Hybriden, die nur in einer Richtung gelingen (R. tweediana x R. tuberosa), sind vegetativ kräftig und besitzen häufig 17 heteromorphe Bivalente mit einem hohen Anteil an Spaltungsunregelmäßigkeiten. Die Hybride ist ausschließlich kleistogam und vollkommen pollen- und samensteril. Wie die F 1 ist auch die künstlich hergestellte Amphidiploide (n=34) kleistogam und zeigt eine präferentielle Chromosomenpaarung mit völliger Wiederherstellung der Fertilität. Die elterlichen Chromosomen sind genügend differenziert. Die Kleistogamie ist entweder genisch bedingt oder auf eine Gen-Cytoplasma-Interaktion zurückzuführen, die Sterilität ist ausschließlich durch die Chromosomen verursacht. Alle Teile der Blüte mit Ausnahme der Calyx sind stark deformiert. Bei der F 1 ist diese Deformation mit Sterilität verbunden, die amphidiploide Form ist jedoch fertil. Das ist vielleicht der erste Fall eines aus der Kreuzung zweier chasmogamer Spezies hervorgegangenen reinerbigen und voll fertilen kleistogamen Taxons. Es läßt sich auch der Umfang und die Art der durch Hybridisierung und durch Polyploidie verursachten Änderung des Zuchtsystems erkennen. Die Chromosomenzahl bei 6 von 16 obligaten kleistogamen Taxa (Tab. 4) zeigt, daß sie hochpolyploid sind. Vielleicht sind sie auf eine gleiche Weise wie im vorliegenden Falle entstanden.相似文献
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Adherence of multiple serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis to a common receptor on HeLa and McCoy cells is mediated by thermolabile protein(s) 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Several aspects of the adherence of purified elementary bodies (EB) of Chlamydia trachomatis to HeLa and to McCoy cells were examined using different techniques, including an ELISA. Serovar-specific, biotinylated monoclonal antibodies were used to detect cell-bound chlamydiae. In addition, purified chlamydiae were biotinylated and their adherence properties were studied. The assays were done at 4 degrees C to exclude the energy-dependent internalization of the cell-bound EB and host-cell membrane recycling that occur at 37 degrees C. Saturation kinetics were routinely observed at 4 degrees C, and the rate of adherence remained linear for approximately 60 min. Lineweaver-Burk analysis of the kinetics data showed that adherence of any one serovar was competitively inhibited by other serovars of C. trachomatis. This competition for the same receptor on the two alternative hosts, HeLa and McCoy, was also seen when the adherence assays were done at 37 degrees C in the presence of sodium azide, an energy poison that inhibits endocytosis of cell-bound chlamydiae. Chlamydiae exposed to 56 degrees C for 5 min, or treated with low doses of trypsin, failed to exhibit competitive inhibition, having suffered considerable loss of the ability to adhere to host-cells. These data suggest that heat- and trypsin-labile chlamydial moieties participate in the adherence reaction, and that oculo-genital serovars of C. trachomatis, including that of lymphogranuloma venereum, attach to the same receptor on the host-cell membrane. 相似文献
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1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α, 25-(OH)2D3) has been shown to increase cytosolic calcium and inositol trophosphate levels in rat osteosarcoma cells (ROS 17/2.8) and to increase nuclear calcium in these cells. To determine the mechanism(s) of 1α, (OH)2D3-induced changes in the calcium, the effect of the hormone on phospholipid metabolism in isolated osteoblast nuclei wa assessed. 1α,25 (OH)2D3, 20 nM, increased inositol triphosphate levels in the nuclei after 5 min of treatment. The biologically inactive epimer, 1β,25-(OH)2D3, had no significant effect on inositol triphosphate levels. ATP, 1 mM, also increased inositol triphosphate levels in the isolated nuclei after 5 min. 1α,25-(OH)2D3, 20 nM, increased calcium in the isolated nuclei in the presence but not in the absence of extranuclear calcium with 5 min. Nuclear calcium was also increased within 5 min by ATP, 1 mM, and inositol triphosphate, 1 mM. The effects of ATP on nuclear calcium was not additive with 1α, 25-(OH)2D3, suggesting that these two agents increase nuclear calcium in these osteoblast-like cells by similar mechanisms. In summary, 1α,25-(OH)2D3 amd ATP rapidly increase inositol triphosphate levels in isolated from ROS 17/2.8 cells. The hormone, the nucleotide, and the inositol phospholipid nuclear calcium. Thus, the 1α,25-(OH)2D3 and ATP effects of nuclear calcium may be mediated by changes in phospholipid metabolism in the nuclei of these osteoblastlike cells. © Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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The rate of electron transfer through Photosystem I (reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol (DCIPH2 → methylviologen) in a low-salt thylakoid suspension is inhibited by Mg2+ both under light-limited and the light-saturated conditions, the magnitude of inhibition being the same. The 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol (DCIP) concentration dependence of the light-saturated rate in the presence and in the absence of Mg2+ shows that the overall rate constant of the photoreaction is not altered by Mg2+. With N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine or 2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenylenediamine as electron donor only the light-limited rate, not the light-saturated rate, is inhibited by Mg2+ and the magnitude of inhibition is the same as with DCIP as donor. The results are interpreted in terms of heterogeneous Photosystem I, consisting of two types, PS I-A and PS I-B, where PS I-A is involved in cation-regulation of excitation energy distribution and becomes unavailable for DCIPH2 → methyl viologen photoelectron transfer in the presence of Mg2+. 相似文献
29.
Abstract The adherence of purified elementary bodies of Chlamydia trachomatis strain UW-31 to monolayer cultures of HeLa 229 cells exhibited kinetic evidence of positive cooperativity. An abrupt increase in the rate of adherence occurred as chlamydial dose was increased. Only freshly isolated chlamydiae showed this behavior. In the presence of the lectin wheat germ agglutinin, the stimulated adherence showed typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The results suggest that chlamydiae may promote their own binding to the host-cell surface, and the lectin, when cell-bound, may provide additional chlamydiae-binding sites. 相似文献
30.
Spleen cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes from chickens infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) were depressed in their responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). When spleen cells from uninfected chickens were co-cultured with spleen cells from chickens infected with REV at 2 weeks of age, the PHA response by the normal cells was completely suppressed. Although spleen cells from chickens infected with REV at 6 or 9 weeks of age were also suppressed in their ability to respond to PHA, they did not suppress the mitogenic response of normal cells in mixed cultures. 相似文献