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221.
Summary Histochemical techniques applied at the ultrastructural level have established the periplasmic space as the site of cell bound alkaline phosphatase activity inAnabaena cylindrica andCoccochloris peniocytis. For localization of activity unfixed cells were reacted with calcium nitrate, which acts as the initial capture reagent. After this deposition, the cells were suspended in 2% lead nitrate to convert the calcium phosphate to more electron dense lead phosphate. The majority of cell bound activity appeared to be associated with layer 3 of the cell wall. InA. cylindrica a secondary site of cell bound activity appeared to be in the sheath. Placement in a phosphate free medium caused a substantial increase in the enzyme activity ofA. cylindrica while the activity present in log phase cells ofC. peniocytis was similar to that found in phosphate starved cells.C. peniocytis also secretes the enzyme into the surrounding medium. 相似文献
222.
Bo Lönnerdal Barbara O. Schneeman Carl L. Keen Lucille S. Hurley 《Biological trace element research》1980,2(3):149-158
Rat bile and pancreatic fluid were examined for the presence of low molecular weight zinc complexes. Fluids were collected
separately by cannulation, and zinc distribution in collected samples was analyzed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50. Most
of the zinc in bile was associated with low molecular weight zinc complexes; only a small amount of zinc was present in the
high molecular weight fraction. In contrast, pancreatic secretions did not contain low molecular weight zinc complexes, but
there were considerable amounts of zinc bound to high molecular weight compounds. The addition of zinc to bile resulted in
an increased amount of zinc in the low molecular weight fraction, while the addition of zinc to pancreatic fluid resulted
primarily in an increase in zinc bound to the high molecular weight components. Like pancreatic fluid, homogenates of pancreatic
tissue had no low molecular weight zinc complex. In rats whose bile and pancreatic fluid were removed and not returned into
the intestine, the amount of zinc bound to low molecular weight complexes in intestinal homogenates was reduced. This alteration
of the molecular distribution of zinc in intestinal homogenates by removal of bile and pancreatic fluid suggests the potential
importance of low molecular weight zinc complexes for zinc homeostasis. 相似文献
223.
Barbara Zoeke Klaus-Peter Althoff Peter Judt Uwe Krebs 《Ethology : formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie》1980,52(2):149-170
Main subject of the reported investigation is the question in which way the acquisition of a conditional discrimination is modified on the one hand by the kind of objects presented, on the other hand by early experience. 40 newly hatched chickens grew up either with all the wooden eggs or cubes used for training and test, or without these objects, or in a ‘natural’ (enriched) environment. The results prove an influence of the kind of objects — cubes are discriminated twice or three times as fast as wooden eggs — but no effects of the different environments on acquisition (number of trials for reaching learning criterion). Results are discussed under aspects of species-specific constraints on learning. 相似文献
224.
Dephosphorylation and activation of exogenous glycogen synthase by adipose-tissue phosphatase 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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Joan Heller Brown Ronald D. Eichner Barbara Thompson Steven Mayer 《The Biochemical journal》1980,188(1):221-228
Exogenous purified rabbit skeletal-muscle glycogen synthase was used as a substrate for adipose-tissue phosphoprotein phosphatase from fed and starved rats in order to (1) compare the relationship between phosphate released from, and the kinetic changes imparted to, the substrate and (2) ascertain if decreases in adipose-tissue phosphatase activity account for the apparent decreased activation of endogenous glycogen synthase from starved as compared with fed rats. Muscle glycogen synthase was phosphorylated with [gamma-(32)P]ATP and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase alone, or in combination with a cyclic AMP-independent protein kinase, to 1.7 or 3mol of phosphate per subunit. Adipose-tissue phosphatase activity determined with phosphorylated skeletal-muscle glycogen synthase as substrate was decreased by 35-60% as a consequence of starvation. This decrease in phosphatase activity had little effect on the capacity of adipose-tissue extracts to activate exogenous glycogen synthase (i.e. to increase the glucose 6-phosphate-independent enzyme activity), although there were marked differences in the activation profiles for the two exogenous substrates. Glycogen synthase phosphorylated to 1.7mol of phosphate per subunit was activated rapidly by adipose-tissue extracts from either fed or starved rats, and activation paralleled enzyme dephosphorylation. Glycogen synthase phosphorylated to 3mol of phosphate per subunit was activated more slowly and after a lag period, since release of the first mol of phosphate did not increase the glucose 6-phosphate-independent activity of the enzyme. These patterns of enzyme activation were similar to those observed for the endogenous adipose-tissue glycogen synthase(s): the glucose 6-phosphate-independent activity of the endogenous enzyme from fed rats increased rapidly during incubation, whereas that of starved rats, like that of the more highly phosphorylated muscle enzyme, increased only very slowly after a lag period. The observations made here suggest that (1) changes in glucose 6-phosphate-independent glycogen synthase activity are at best only a qualitative measure of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity and (2) the decrease in glycogen synthase phosphatase activity during starvation is not sufficient to explain the differential glycogen synthase activation in adipose tissue from fed and starved rats. However, alterations in the phosphorylation state of glycogen synthase combined with decreased activity of phosphoprotein phosphatase, both as a consequence of starvation, could explain the apparent markedly decreased enzyme activation. 相似文献
225.
The effect of collection technique, anticoagulant, pH, glucose, and temperature on in vitro granulocyte function were studied after 24 hr of storage in the liquid state. Collection by CL did not adversely affect granulocyte function, however, cells collected by FL had accelerated loss of bactericidal activity and chemotactic response. Citrate anticoagulants provided better maintenance of bacteridical activity, NBT reduction, and chemotactic response than heparin, EDTA, and ion-exchange anticoagulants. Chemiluminescence was well maintained when the initial pH of the preservative solution (CPD plasma) was between 6.5 and 8.0 but maintenance of chemotaxis required pH of 7.0–7.5. Glucose concentrations of 80–1000 mg/dl provided adequate maintenance of chemiluminescence and chemotaxis. Bacterial killing was well maintained by storage at either 1–6 or 20–24 °C. Storage at 1–6 °C caused decreased chemotaxis, decreased ability of granulocytes to adhere and spread on a foreign surface, and a decreased intravascular recovery and shortened half-life after transfusion. Although short-term liquid storage may be practical, at present, granulocytes should be transfused as soon as possible after collection. 相似文献
226.
Barbara R. Hough-Evans Marcelo Jacobs-Lorena Michael R. Cummings Roy J. Britten Eric H. Davidson 《Genetics》1980,95(1):81-94
Comparative measurements are presented of the sequence complexity of the RNA stored in the eggs of two dipteran flies, Musca domestica and Drosophila melanogaster. The genome of Musca is about five times the size of the Drosophila genome and contains about 3.6 times as much single-copy sequence. As shown earlier, the interspersion of repetitive and single-copy sequence is of the short-period form in Musca, and is of the long-period form in Drosophila. The egg RNA complexities were determined by hybridization of excess RNA with radioactively labeled single-copy DNA. Complexity is expressed as the length (in nucleotides) of diverse single-copy sequence represented in the RNA. The complexity of the RNA of the Musca egg is about 2.4 x 107 nucleotides, and that of the Drosophila egg is about 1.2 x 107 nucleotides. The RNA of the Musca egg is similar to or very slightly lower in complexity than that of other egg RNAs, e.g., those of Xenopus and sea urchin. Compared to all previously measured egg RNAs, Drosophila egg RNA is low in sequence complexity. 相似文献
227.
Detection of the Viral Sarcoma Gene Product in Cells Infected with Various Strains of Avian Sarcoma Virus and of a Related Protein in Uninfected Chicken Cells
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Joan S. Brugge Marc S. Collett Aleem Siddiqui Barbara Marczynska F. Deinhardt R. L. Erikson 《Journal of virology》1979,29(3):1196-1203
Genetic analyses have defined a single gene (src) as that portion of the avian sarcoma virus (ASV) genome which encodes the protein directly responsible for ASV-induced neoplastic transformation. We have recently identified the polypeptide product of the src gene of the Schmidt-Ruppin (SR) strain of ASV, a 60,000-dalton phosphoprotein designated pp60(src), and have further determined that pp60(src) acts as a protein kinase. Essential to the identification and characterization of the pp60(src) protein of SR-ASV was the use of serum (TBR serum) from rabbits bearing SR-ASV-induced tumors. TBR serum was, however, strain specific, recognizing pp60(src) from SR-ASV-transformed cells only. We report here that sera from marmosets bearing tumors induced by the Bryan or SR strains of ASV (TBM sera) contain antibody which precipitates the transforming gene product from cells transformed by the SR, Bryan, Prague, or Bratislava strains of ASV. In contrast, rabbits bearing tumors induced by either the Bratislava or Bryan strains of ASV, or hamsters with SR-ASV-induced tumors did not produce antibody to pp60(src) from any strain of ASV. The 60,000-dalton polypeptides immunoprecipitated with TBM serum from cells transformed by each of the above virus strains are phosphoproteins. One-dimensional peptide mapping by limited proteolysis revealed that the pp60(src) proteins are structurally very similar, but not identical. Furthermore, all of the viral pp60(src) proteins have an associated phosphotransferase activity. In addition to detecting the viral src proteins, TBM serum was able to immunoprecipitate an antigenically related protein from normal uninfected avian cells. 相似文献
228.
Head movements of different species of walking beetles elicited by rotating stripe patterns have been investigated. They are of the usual type in contrast to an inverted nystagmus reported forTenebrio molitor in similar experimental situations. Reexamination of theTenebrio records revealed that the sign of the stimulus was interchanged by a mistake while plotting the results. Thus, the head nystagmus inTenebrio is also of the usual type, consisting of a smooth pursuit head movement followed by a faster returning phase. 相似文献
229.
One-GHz microwave (MW) irradiation at a power density of 5 mW/cm2 was combined with methotrexate (MTX) in an attempt to treat more effectively central nervous system (CNS) L1210 leukemia in DBA/2J mice. When mice with CNS leukemia were treated with the combination of MW and MTX, there was no improvement in survival compared with a group of animals treated with MTX alone; however, the group that received MTX before the MW exposure had a significantly reduced survival time compared with the group treated with MTX alone or with the group to which MTX was administered after MW. 相似文献
230.