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991.
The present study was designed to investigate how prolonged (24-72 h) exposure to modifiers of Ca transarcolemmal transport affects the myofibrillar structure, protein turnover and content of myofibrillar proteins in adult guinea pig cardiomyocytes maintained beating synchronously in long-term cultures. First we established the functional responses (the contractile activity and [Ca]i transients) of the cultured myocytes to acute exposures to several drugs used in this study. The ultrastructural characteristics of these cultures under the various treatments were determined using immunohistochemistry and confocal scanning laser microscopy, and their biochemical properties were evaluated using analysis of total cellular protein content, myofibrillar protein content and SDS-PAGE electrophoretic examination. We compared the effects of 24, 36 and 72 h-long exposures to the various specific Ca-flux modifiers. Increased Ca influx via CaL-channel agonist (Bay K 8644) or via the reversed- mode of the Na/Ca exchanger (veratrine) did not alter the myofibrillar structure or the specific protein profiles or proteosynthesis. However, when cytosolic Ca was increased by three different types of inhibitors of Ca extrusion from the cells via Na/Ca exchange, (Na-free solution, 5 mM NiCl2 and 10-6 M ouabain), very significant changes in all investigated parameters occurred almost immediately. Twenty-four h-long exposure to Na-free did not affect significantly the total cellular protein (TCP), but the protein synthesis was decreased by 87% and the total myofibrillar protein (TMP) content was decreased by 38%. The myofibrils were heavily fragmented. Similarly, 24 h-long exposure to 5 mM NiCl2 did not affect the TCP, but it reduced protein synthesis by about 90% and decreased the total myofibrillar protein content by 30%. These effects were even more pronounced at 72 h of exposure and they were accompanied with a complete disassembly of myofilaments. Exposure to 10-6 M ouabain over 72 h resulted in > 80% inhibition of protein synthesis, a 45% decrease in TCP content and a 53% in TMP content. In contrast, 10-7 M ouabain did not produce any such changes. The changes produced by the Na/Ca-exchange inhibitors were accompanied by only minor changes in DNA content, indicating that the myocytes remained viable. Moreover, these effects were not due to the associated contractile arrest, since exposure to CaL-channel antagonists (5-20 M nifedipine or 10 M verapamil) produced only very minor changes in the myofibrillar structure and in protein profiles.Our data demonstrate that short-term (up to 72 h) increased Ca influx or contractile arrest of well-interconnected, spontaneously beating adult cardiomyocytes does not affect their ultrastructural characteristics or their myofibrillar protein turnover greatly, while any situations leading to Ca accumulation (via inhibition of Na/Ca exchange) affect cardiomyocyte function and ultrastructure almost immediately. These data are in sharp contrast to those previously reported from immature, neonatal myocytes. 相似文献
992.
3-Deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate (DAHP) synthases catalyse the first step of the shikimate pathway. Two unrelated DAHP synthase types have been described in plants and bacteria. Two type II (aroA(A2) and aroA(A5)) and one type I DAHP synthase gene (aroA001) were identified from the myxobacterium Stigmatella aurantiaca Sg a15. Inactivation of aroA(A5) leads to a mutant that is impaired in the biosynthesis of aurachins, which are electron transport inhibitors and contain an anthranilate moiety. Feeding of anthranilic acid to the mutant culture restores production of aurachins. Inactivation of aroA(A2) and aroA001 does not impair production of aurachins or other known secondary metabolites of S. aurantiaca Sg a15. 相似文献
993.
Imbach T Grünewald S Schenk B Burda P Schollen E Wevers RA Jaeken J de Klerk JB Berger EG Matthijs G Aebi M Hennet T 《Human genetics》2000,106(5):538-545
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), formerly known as carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome, represent a family of genetic diseases with variable clinical presentations. Common to all types of CDG characterized to date is a defective Asn-linked glycosylation caused by enzymatic defects of N-glycan synthesis. Previously, we have identified a mutation in the ALG6 alpha1,3 glucosyltransferase gene as the cause of CDG-Ic in four related patients. Here, we present the identification of seven additional cases of CDG-Ic among a group of 35 untyped CDG patients. Analysis of lipid-linked oligosaccharides in fibroblasts confirmed the accumulation of dolichyl pyrophosphate-Man9GlcNAc2 in the CDG-Ic patients. The genomic organization of the human ALG6 gene was determined, revealing 14 exons spread over 55 kb. By polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of ALG6 exons, three mutations, in addition to the previously described A333 V substitution, were detected in CDG-Ic patients. The detrimental effect of these mutations on ALG6 activity was confirmed by complementation of alg6 yeast mutants. Haplotype analysis of CDG-Ic patients revealed a founder effect for the ALG6 allele bearing the A333 V mutation. Although more than 80% of CDG are type Ia, CDG-Ic may be the second most common form of the disease. 相似文献
994.
The cDNA sequence for the human d-bifunctional protein (D-BP: 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase IV) was investigated in patients with peroxisomal disorders
belonging to the BP complementation group (CG). In three cases, analysis of polymerase chain reaction products generated from
the patients' cDNA indicated the presence of a deletion within the region corresponding to nucleotides 209–537 of the normal
cDNA sequence. Subsequent sequencing revealed that, in two of the patients, 47 base pairs were missing, with the deletion
corresponding to nucleotides 302/3–349/50 of the normal sequence. In the third patient, a smaller deletion of 22 bp (nucleotides
280/1–302/3) was characterized. Only the mutant sequence was detected in each of these cases, consistent with parental consanguinity.
Both deletions cause a frameshift, and would lead to premature termination of the BP. Available family members were also investigated,
and the findings conformed with expectations for an autosomal recessive disorder. In addition to the deletions, a number of
other base changes have been identified in this series of patients. In particular, one patient, whose parents were also consanguineous,
was homozygous for a base change, which results in a nonconservative substitution of serine 177 with a phenylalanine residue.
The functional significance of this amino acid substitution, as well as the other identified changes, is still to be determined.
Nevertheless, our data provide strong support for the hypothesis that defects in the gene for the D-BP are responsible for
the β-oxidation defect in patients belonging to the BP CG. 相似文献
995.
Barbara R. Evans Amanda K. Gilman Kimberley Cordray Jonathan Woodward 《Biotechnology letters》2000,22(9):735-740
A cellulase from the thermophile, Thermotoga maritima, hydrolyzed oligosaccharide substrates by an exoglucanase mode of action but acted as an endoglucanase to rapidly reduce the viscosity of the soluble polysaccharides carboxymethylcellulose and barley -glucan. The V
max for hydrolysis of the substrate, p-nitrophenyl -d-cellobioside, was 42 mol min–1 (mg protein)–1, while that for barley -glucan was 637. The enzyme had little activity on crystalline cellulose. 相似文献
996.
Barbara W. Lex 《American anthropologist》1998,100(2):574-575
Native American Postcolonial Psychology. Eduardo Duran and Bonnie Duran. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995. 227 pp. 相似文献
997.
998.
M.Kirk Green Martha M. Vestling Murray V. Johnston Barbara S. Larsen 《Analytical biochemistry》1998,260(2):204
Electrospray ionization–Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (ESI–FTICR) mass spectrometryallows for high-resolution, accurate mass analysisof multiply charged ions of proteins. In the workdescribed here, the ability of ESI–FTICR to distinguish small differences in molecular mass is evaluated. Ubiquitin was used as an internal mass calibration standard to measure the molecular mass of cytochromec, myoglobin, and several carbonic anhydrase isoforms. Mass calibration was based onthe tallest isotopic peak of each ubiquitin chargestate. Ubiquitin performed well as an internal standard because its charge states covered the appropriate mass range, interference was minimal, and thetallest peak was easily identified. The peak massesof cytochrome c (12.5 kDa) and myoglobin (17 kDa) were measured to an accuracy of about 0.02 Da (<2ppm). However, errors of 1.0 Da were observedfor some individual determinations because of the difficulty in identifying the tallest peak. When the technique was applied to bovine carbonic anhydrase II, even combining data from several charge statesdid not yield an unequivocal assignment of thetallest peak, resulting in a mass assignment of 29,023.7 or 29,024.7. Similarly, measurements of two isoforms with a mass difference of 1 Da, human carbonic anhydrase I, pI6.0 and 6.6, yielded overlapping values for the mass of the tallest peak. However, these two isoforms were clearly distinguished by (a) identification of the tallest peak using a measurement of average mass as a guide and (b) comparison of the isotopic peak intensity patterns. 相似文献
999.
Heat Killing of Bacillus subtilis Spores in Water Is Not Due to Oxidative Damage 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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The heat resistance of wild-type spores of Bacillus subtilis or spores (termed α−β−) lacking DNA protective α/β-type small, acid-soluble spore proteins was not altered by anaerobiosis or high concentrations of the free radical scavenging agents ethanethiol and ethanedithiol. Heat-killed wild-type and α−β− spores exhibited no increase in either protein carbonyl content or oxidized bases in DNA. These data strongly suggest that oxidative damage to spore macromolecules does not contribute significantly to spore killing by heat. 相似文献
1000.
fbfB, a Gene Encoding a Putative Galactose Oxidase, Is Involved in Stigmatella aurantiaca Fruiting Body Formation
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Stigmatella aurantiaca is a gram-negative bacterium which forms, under conditions of starvation in a multicellular process, characteristic three-dimensional structures: the fruiting bodies. For studying this complex process, mutants impaired in fruiting body formation have been induced by transposon insertion with a Tn5-derived transposon. The gene affected (fbfB) in one of the mutants (AP182) was studied further. Inactivation of fbfB results in mutants which form only clumps during starvation instead of wild-type fruiting bodies. This mutant phenotype can be partially rescued, if cells of mutants impaired in fbfB function are mixed with those of some independent mutants defective in fruiting before starvation. The fbfB gene is expressed about 14 h after induction of fruiting body formation as determined by measuring β-galactosidase activity in a merodiploid strain harboring the wild-type gene and an fbfB-Δtrp-lacZ fusion gene or by Northern (RNA) analysis with the Rhodobacter capsulatus pufBA fragment fused to fbfB as an indicator. The predicted polypeptide FbfB has a molecular mass of 57.8 kDa and shows a significant homology to the galactose oxidase (GaoA) of the fungus Dactylium dendroides. Galactose oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of galactose and primary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes. 相似文献