全文获取类型
收费全文 | 566734篇 |
免费 | 58601篇 |
国内免费 | 219篇 |
出版年
2018年 | 5124篇 |
2016年 | 6767篇 |
2015年 | 8432篇 |
2014年 | 10142篇 |
2013年 | 14961篇 |
2012年 | 16844篇 |
2011年 | 17404篇 |
2010年 | 11851篇 |
2009年 | 10836篇 |
2008年 | 15701篇 |
2007年 | 16180篇 |
2006年 | 15459篇 |
2005年 | 14638篇 |
2004年 | 14680篇 |
2003年 | 14174篇 |
2002年 | 13931篇 |
2001年 | 25490篇 |
2000年 | 25766篇 |
1999年 | 20469篇 |
1998年 | 7196篇 |
1997年 | 7431篇 |
1996年 | 7059篇 |
1995年 | 6447篇 |
1994年 | 6487篇 |
1993年 | 6424篇 |
1992年 | 17144篇 |
1991年 | 16728篇 |
1990年 | 16396篇 |
1989年 | 16457篇 |
1988年 | 15080篇 |
1987年 | 14330篇 |
1986年 | 13251篇 |
1985年 | 13395篇 |
1984年 | 10911篇 |
1983年 | 9453篇 |
1982年 | 7012篇 |
1981年 | 6203篇 |
1980年 | 6048篇 |
1979年 | 10425篇 |
1978年 | 8171篇 |
1977年 | 7277篇 |
1976年 | 6935篇 |
1975年 | 7761篇 |
1974年 | 8319篇 |
1973年 | 8147篇 |
1972年 | 7473篇 |
1971年 | 6745篇 |
1970年 | 5888篇 |
1969年 | 5513篇 |
1968年 | 5051篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 203 毫秒
971.
Alexis L. Moore Joseph E. Budny Anthony P. Russell Michael T. Butcher 《Journal of morphology》2013,274(1):35-48
Evaluation of the relationships between muscle structure and digging function in fossorial species is limited. Badgers and other fossorial specialists are expected to have massive forelimb muscles with long fascicles capable of substantial shortening for high power and applying high out‐force to the substrate. To explore this hypothesis, we quantified muscle architecture in the thoracic limb of the American badger (Taxidea taxus) and estimated the force, power, and joint torque of its intrinsic musculature in relation to the use of scratch‐digging behavior. Architectural properties measured were muscle mass, belly length, fascicle length, pennation angle, and physiological cross‐sectional area. Badgers possess hypertrophied shoulder flexors/humeral retractors, elbow extensors, and digital flexors. The triceps brachii is particularly massive and has long fascicles with little pennation, muscle architecture consistent with substantial shortening capability, and high power. A unique feature of badgers is that, in addition to elbow joint extension, two biarticular heads (long and medial) of the triceps are capable of applying high torques to the shoulder joint to facilitate retraction of the forelimb throughout the power stroke. The massive and complex digital flexors show relatively greater pennation and shorter fascicle lengths than the triceps brachii, as well as compartmentalization of muscle heads to accentuate both force production and range of shortening during flexion of the carpus and digits. Muscles of most functional groups exhibit some degree of specialization for high force production and are important for stabilizing the shoulder, elbow, and carpal joints against high limb forces generated during powerful digging motions. Overall, our findings support the hypothesis and indicate that forelimb muscle architecture is consistent with specializations for scratch‐digging. Quantified muscle properties in the American badger serve as a comparator to evaluate the range of diversity in muscle structure and contractile function that exists in mammals specialized for fossorial habits. J. Morphol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
972.
C Berche J P Mach J D Lumbroso C Langlais F Aubry F Buchegger S Carrel P Rougier C Parmentier M Tubiana 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1982,285(6353):1447-1451
Transaxial tomoscintigraphy (or single-photon emission computerised tomography) was used to detect secondary deposits of carcinoma in 17 patients who had been injected with iodine-131-labelled monoclonal antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen. Of 17 tumor sites studied by tomoscintigraphy 16 were detected (sensitivity 94%); five sites had a volume smaller than 10 cm3. Tomoscintigraphy also detected three unknown tumour deposits later confirmed by surgery or radiology. In contrast, when 21 tumour sites in the same patients were studied by rectilinear scintigraphy, only nine tumour sites were detected (sensitivity 43%), of which eight had a volume larger than 50 cm3. 相似文献
973.
A simple, inexpensive method is described for dialysis of microliter amounts of aqueous samples against large volumes of solution with complete recovery of the fluid dialyzed. An example is given of application of the method to separation of [3H]inulin from a monosaccharide. 相似文献
974.
Helen M P Chui May Meroueh Stephen A Scaringe Christine S Chow 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2002,10(2):325-332
The synthesis of a 5'-O-BzH-2'-O-ACE-protected-3-methyluridine phosphoramidite is reported [BzH, benzhydryloxy-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl; ACE, bis(2-acetoxyethoxy)methyl]. The phosphoramidite was employed in solid-phase RNA synthesis to generate a series of RNA hairpins containing single or multiple modifications, including the common nucleoside pseudouridine. Three 19-nucleotide hairpin RNAs that represent the 1920-loop region (G(1906)-C(1924)) of Escherichia coli 23S ribosomal RNA were generated. Modifications were present at positions 1911, 1915, and 1917. The stabilities and structures of the three RNAs were examined by using thermal melting, circular dichroism, and NMR spectroscopy 相似文献
975.
976.
977.
D I Medvedev I I Babichenko I Z Eremina A I Kravtsova 《Biulleten' eksperimental'no? biologii i meditsiny》1985,100(12):751-754
Electron microscopy of mouse neocortex was carried out during rehabilitation following long-term protein-caloric deficiency. Food rehabilitation led to partial recovery of brain ultrastructure, however, a high neuronal level of secondary lysosoms and lipofuscin bodies was preserved, with the changes in the spine apparatus and synaptic contacts persisting in neuropile. Carnitine addition to food during rehabilitation increased the number of free ribosomes in cortical neurons. A substantial development of granular endoplasmic reticulum was observed. A greater number of spine apparatus cisterns was detected, however, like in conventional rehabilitation, the width of synaptic clefts and postsynaptic densities remained narrower than in control mice. 相似文献
978.
This study has demonstrated that aneurysms occur in about 50 percent of the rat femoral arteries subjected to microvascular anastomosis. These aneurysms are consistent histologically--being characterized by medial necrosis, loss of elastic lamellae, and subintimal hyperplasia. Mechanical trauma is implicated as a factor in their pathogenesis, though further study in necessary to define the exact etiology. 相似文献
979.
The assembly of a large physical map of genomes requires simultaneous analysis of many cosmid clones for overlapping regions. The search for overlapping regions may be achieved by various means. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) provides an alternative to gel electrophoresis since microgram amounts of each DNA fragment may be collected into individual test tubes for further analysis. HPLC has been used to identify overlapping cosmid clones from a pool of cosmid DNA containing the terminal portion of the long arm of the human X chromosome (Xq24-qter). Among 400 cosmids analyzed, 3 were shown to overlap. 相似文献
980.
Reconstitution of RecBC DNase activity from purified Escherichia coli RecB and RecC proteins 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
I D Hickson C N Robson K E Atkinson L Hutton P T Emmerson 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1985,260(2):1224-1229
The Escherichia coli RecB protein, normally synthesized in low amounts, has been amplified by linkage of the recB gene to the phage lambda leftward promoter in an expression plasmid. From strains harboring this plasmid, RecB protein has been purified to homogeneity by a simple procedure which includes affinity chromatography on a column of RecC protein bound to agarose. The purified RecB protein has DNA-dependent ATPase activity but no exonuclease activity. RecC protein alone has neither ATPase nor exonuclease activity. However, when combined together, the RecB and RecC proteins show the ATP-dependent double-stranded exonuclease properties characteristic of the RecBC DNase. 相似文献