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91.
92.
Release of AMP and adenosine from rat heart mitochondria was studied. The rate of appearance of extramitochondrial adenosine was independent of the extramitochondrial phosphate concentration between 5 and 20 mM. In the absence of exogenous, respiratory substrates or in the presence of glutamate/malate plus rotenone, the rate of appearance of adenosine was relatively low when phosphate was not added. The appearance of extramitochondrial AMP + adenosine was found to be directly proportional to the extra-mitochondrial phosphate concentration. Zn2+ (10 mM) decreased the rate of adenosine appearance by 90% and increased the rate of AMP appearance 6-fold. The mitochondrial preparations dephosphorylated exogenous AMP; this activity was inhibited by 10 mM Zn2+. We conclude that the adenosine appearing in the extramitochondrial space was not due to a direct release from the matrix, but instead was due to adenine nucleotide release with subsequent conversion to adenosine in the extramitochondrial space. 相似文献
93.
94.
Beneficial effect of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in lead intoxication. Another approach to clinical therapy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S R Paredes A A Juknat de Geralnik A M Batlle H A Conti 《The International journal of biochemistry》1985,17(5):625-629
Five patients with chronic lead intoxication were treated with S-adenosyl-L-methionine (12 mg/kg body weight, daily), given intravenously, over a period of 22 days. A significant recovery of erythrocytic ALA-D was observed in all cases, after therapy. Blood lead content significantly pathologic at the beginning of SAM administration, rapidly decreased within 24-48 h of initiating treatment, reaching nearly control values at the end of the trial. A good correlation between recovery of ALA-D activity and decreased concentration of lead in RBC was found. GSH content in blood was diminished in lead poisoned patients, increasing to normal levels after SAM administration. Other biochemical parameters such as Deaminase activity in RBC, ALA, PBG, porphyrins and lead in urine and serum gamma-GT were measured, showing no important deviations from control values before, during or after treatment. Both biochemical and clinical improvement was observed, indicating that SAM therapy is beneficial in the treatment of lead intoxication. No untoward signs were observed. The mechanism of action of SAM is not yet clear; however, a chelating effect could be excluded, and very likely its action can be attributed to glutathione availability. 相似文献
95.
Zusammenfassung In Burkina Faso ließ ein Mangrovereiher offensichtlich gezielt eine Asclepiadaceen-Blüte aus 20 cm Höhe auf die Wasseroberfläche fallen und verharrte danach einige Sekunden mit halb-gestrecktem Hals. Bei einer weiteren Beobachtung in Niger plazierte ein Mangrovereiher einen kleinen Gegenstand auf der Wasseroberfläche. Bevor der Gegenstand mit dem Wind außer Reichweite trieb, holte ihn der Reiher und legte ihn auf der Luvseite wieder auf der Wasseroberfläche ab. Der Vorgang wiederholte sich mehrere Male, dabei gelang es dem Reiher, einen Fisch zu erbeuten, der allerdings wieder entkam. Anderntags setzte an derselben Stelle ein Mangrovereiher in gleicher Weise offensichtlich einen Käfer ein. Ähnliche Beobachtungen werden kurz diskutiert. 相似文献
96.
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in somatic and germ cells of mouse seminiferous tubules 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The distribution of phosphodiesterase forms in somatic and germ cells, and their variations during testicular development and germ cell differentiation have been investigated. Seminiferous tubules from immature mice and Sertoli cells in culture possessed two enzyme activities which were comparable to forms described for different tissues and species: (a) a calcium-calmodulin-dependent enzyme with high affinity for guanosine 3',5'-(cyclic)-monophosphate (cGMP), and (b) a calcium-calmodulin-independent enzyme with high affinity for adenosine 3',5'-(cyclic)-monophosphate (cAMP) the activity of which increased in cultured Sertoli cells after treatment with FSH or dibutyryl cAMP. Seminiferous tubules from adult animals and germ cells at the meiotic and post-meiotic stage of differentiation possessed two enzyme forms that could be distinguished from those present in somatic cells of the seminiferous tubules: (a) a calcium-calmodulin-dependent form with high affinity for both cAMP and cGMP, similar to forms described in other tissues from different species, and (b) a calcium-calmodulin-independent phosphodiesterase with high affinity for cAMP and present only in post-meiotic cells, previously identified also in germ cells of the rat. 相似文献
97.
Investigations of the uptake of ammonium (NH
4
+
) by Rhodopseudomonas capsulata B100 supported the presence of an NH
4
+
transport system. Experimentally NH
4
+
was determined by electrode or indophenol assay and saturation kinetics were observed with two apparent K
m's of 1.7 M and 11.1 M (pH 6.8, 30°) and a V
max at saturation of 50–60 nmol/min·mg protein. The optimum pH and temperature were 7.0 and 33° C, respectively. The Q10 quotient was calculated to be 1.9 at 100 M NH
4
+
, indicating enzymatic involvement. In contrast to the wild type, B100, excretion of NH
4
+
, not uptake, was observed in a glutamine auxotroph, R. capsulata G29, which is derepressed for nitrogenase and lacks glutamine synthetase activity. G29R1, a revertant of G29, also took up NH
4
+
at the same rate as wild type and had fully restored glutamine synthetase activity. Partially restored derivatives, G29R5 and G29R6, grew more slowly than wild type on NH
4
+
as the nitrogen source, remained derepressed for nitrogenase in the presence of NH
4
+
, and displayed rates of NH
4
+
uptake in proportion to their glutamine synthetase activity. Ammonium uptake and glutamine synthetase activity were also restored in R. capsulata G29 exconjugants which had received the plasmid pPS25, containing the R. capsulata glutamine synthetase structural gene. These data suggest that NH
4
+
transport is tightly coupled to assimilation.Abbreviations used CHES
cyclohexylaminoethanesulfonic acid
- GS
glutamine synthetase
- SDS
sodium dodecylsulfate 相似文献
98.
Barbara Siemieniako Ewa M. Rakowicz-Szulczyńska Antoni Horst 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1985,65(2):131-141
Non-histone chromatin proteins synthesized during chicken embryonic liver development were labeled with [3H]tryptophan and [3H]methionine and characterized by electrophoresis. During embryonic development protein/DNA ratio in chromatin was low (1.30-1.62) but synthesis of non-histone protein was high. Especially one characteristic fraction K (MW 18 000), tightly bound with DNA was preferentially associated with DNAase II sensitive, active transcribed sequences. In 7-day old and adult chicken synthesis of all non-histone proteins was low, fraction K was absent or synthesized only in small amounts in association with non-active sequences, however protein/DNA ratio in chromatin was high (2.30-2.33). 相似文献
99.
Glutathione (GSH) dissolved in Eagle's MEM and added to cultures o of V79-E cells in concentrations between 2.5 × 10–4 and 10–3 moles/l for 1 h induces a dose-dependent cell cycle delay, sister chromatid exchanges and clastogenic damage. 7–8% of the metaphases showed endoreduplication at a recovery phase of 25 and 30 h after treatment with 10–3 molesll GSH. Higher concentrations were lethal. The highest tolerated dose corresponds to the intracellular GSH level in V79-E cells. In the same range of concentrations, glutathione disulfide was inactive. Endoreduplication induction by GSH is G2-phase specific and endoreduplication metaphases show a reduced occurrence of single SCEs when extrapolated to the diploid complement. The adverse effects of GSH are independent of the presence of serum in the culture fluid but completely abolished when the treatment is performed in Hank's solution instead of MEM. The mechanism of genotoxicity of exogenous GSH is discussed but, at present, no pertinent explanation can be given.Abbreviations BUdR
5-bromodeoxyuridine
- GSH
glutathione
- GSSG
glutathione disulfide
- SCE
sister chromatid exchange 相似文献
100.
Summary The wing discs of the temperature-sensitiveDrosophila mutantl(3)c43
hs1 become hyperplastic when larvae are reared at the restrictive temperature of 25° C or above (Martin et al. 1977). We have previously shown that reductions in gap junctions are correlated with the hyperplasia (Ryerse and Nagel 1984a). We report here that reductions in gap junction surface density, number and percent of the lateral plasma membrane area precede the onset of tissue hyperplasia as defined by the gross appearance of tissue overgrowth in the wing pouch and an increase in cell number. Gap junction reductions begin soon after temperature upshift and become significantly different from non-shifted controls by 16 h. Direct cell counts indicate that there is no difference in the total number of cells in experimental vs control discs until after 16 h when the 28° C discs begin to grow rapidly with a cell doubling time of about 6 h as compared with about 13 h for the 20°C controls. The finding that gap junction reductions precede the onset of tissue hyperplasia is consistent with the idea that gap junctions play a regulatory role in growth control and pattern formation and strengthens our hypothesis (Ryerse and Nagel 1984b) that a minimum number and a specific distribution of gap junctions are required for normal development. 相似文献