Changes in the intracellular pool of free amino acids of Streptococcus lactis under different cultivation conditions]

The intracellular pool of free amino of Streptococcus lactis--lysine producer contains a good number of amino acids when cultivated on the corn medium. Glutamic acid, proline, alanine, lysine, leucine, histidine and arginine are in predominance. An almost complete amino acid pool develops at an early exponential phase of Str. lactis growth under stationary cultivation conditions. The content of free amino acids increases 4-fold during the transition from the early exponential phase to the stationary phases under submerged cultivation conditions. This can be attributed to a more intensive amino acid exchange during the medium stirring than during stationary cultivation.     

Transcription map of the 13q14 region, frequently deleted in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients]

Deletions in the region located between the STS markers D13S1168 and D13S25 on chromosome 13 are the most frequent genomic changes in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). After sequencing of this region, two novel candidate genes were identified: C13orf1 (chromosome 13 open reading frame 1) and PLCC (putative large CLL candidate). Analysis of the repeat distribution revealed two subregions differing in composition of repetitious DNA and gene organization. The interval D13S1168-D13S319 contains 131 Alu repeats accounting for 24.8% of its length, whereas the interval GCT16C05-D13S25, which is no more than 180 kb away from the former one is extremely poor in Alu repeats (4.1% of the total length). Both intervals contain almost the same amount of the LINE-type repeats L1 and L2 (20.3 and 21.24%, respectively). In the chromosomal region studied, 29 Alu repeats were found to belong to the evolutionary young subfamily Y, which is still capable of amplifying. A considerable proportion of repeats of this type with similar nucleotide sequences may contribute to the recombinational activity of the chromosomal region 13q14.3, which is responsible for its rearrangements in some tumors in humans.     

Effect of NaCl,Na<Subscript>2</Subscript>SO<Subscript>4</Subscript>, and mannitol on utilization of storage starch and formation of plastids in the cotyledons and roots of alfalfa seedlings

Utilization of storage starch in the cells of cotyledon mesophyll and root meristem in the course of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seed germination on the solutions of NaCl, Na₂SO₄, and mannitol at different concentrations and identical osmotic pressure was investigated using the method of transmission electron microscopy. Ultrastructural analysis showed changes in the number of starch grains and deceleration of chloroplast development depending on the osmotic component of salt influence. At low concentrations corresponding to osmotic pressure of 202.6 kPa, Na₂SO₄ did not affect the formation of the photosynthetic machinery and utilization of starch inclusions; mannitol contributed to the preservation of considerable reserve of starch without disturbing the development of chloroplasts; NaCl did not inhibit the development of the photosynthetic machinery and induced an increase in the number of starch grains presumably at the expense of newly produced starch. When the concentration of the investigated substances increased up to the values corresponding to the osmotic pressure of 607.8 kPa, NaCl did not suppress transformation of amyloplasts into chloroplasts and utilization of starch; Na₂SO₄ inhibited the development of chloroplasts and starch utilization; mannitol decelerated transformation of amyloplasts and inhibited mobilization of starch grains. The obtained results make it possible to propose a method of preliminary estimation of tolerance of dicotyledons to abiotic stresses based on the cytological analysis of utilization of starch grains and formation of photosynthetic compartments of chloroplasts in the mesophyll of cotyledons.     

Polymorphism of the mtDNA control region in wild reindeer Rangifer tarandus (Mammalia: Artioodactyla) from the European part of Russia

Genetic diversity of wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) inhabiting the European part of Russia, including Komi Republic, Arkhangelsk oblast, Murmansk oblast, and the Republic of Karelia was characterized using sequence polymorphism of the mtDNA control region. Despite of currently low population number of wild reindeer, they were characterized by a high level of genetic diversity (?? = 0.018; H = 0.872 to 0.914). Phylogenetic analysis showed close relationships between European reindeer and wild reindeer of Siberia. In reindeer from Murmansk oblast a haplotype in common with the wild reindeer form Southwestern Norway was described. The reindeer sample examined contained no haplotypes earlier described for the reindeer of Central Norway. It is suggested that in recent past wild reindeer from the European north of Russia formed one population with the reindeer from the north of the Asian part of Eurasia.     

A Comparative Assessment of Effects of Major Mediators of Acute Phase Response (IL-1, TNF-α, IL-6) on Breathing Pattern and Survival Rate in Rats with Acute Progressive Hypoxia

Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology - A pressing issue of the day is the identification of therapeutic targets to suppress the “cytokine storm” in COVID-19 complicated...     

Types of non-viral delivery systems of small interfering RNA

To date, RNA interference remains the most powerful and promising tool for gene-targeted therapy. Several problems still have to be solved for its successful use in clinics. One of the main issues is the siRNA's efficient delivery. This review covers various types of nonviral siRNA delivery systems.     

Mechanisms of human adaptation to hypoxia

The effects of adaptation to cold-and-hypoxic exposure on the cardiovascular system, lipid peroxidation and concentrations of adaptogenesis involved hormones were studied in male students. The two weeks cold- and hypoxic training was shown to be accompanied by a significant increase of apnea duration, reduced velocity of bradycardia development and a more rapid ECG post-cold and- hypoxic exposure normalization, as well as by inhibition of activation of adrenal cortex and thyroid gland after stress of different nature. The changes of the character of influences between the indices under study, were demonstrated. The correlation analysis showed an increase of the human's adaptive potential and a decrease of its dependence on the adrenal cortex hormones.     

Molecular cloning,structural analysis,and expression of a human IRLB,MYC promoter-binding protein: new DENN domain-containing protein family emerges

IRLB was originally identified as a partial cDNA clone, encoding a 191-aa protein binding the interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in the P2 promoter of human MYC. Here, we cloned the full-size IRLB using different bioinformatics tools and an RT-PCR approach. The full-size gene encompasses 131 kb within chromosome 15q22 and consists of 32 exons. IRLB is transcribed as a 6.6-kb mRNA encoding a protein of 1865 aa. IRLB is ubiquitously expressed and its expression is regulated in a growth- and cell cycle-dependent manner. In addition to the ISRE-binding domain IRLB contains a tripartite DENN domain, a nuclear localization signal, two PPRs, and a calmodulin-binding domain. The presence of DENN domains predicts possible interactions of IRLB with GTPases from the Rab family or regulation of growth-induced MAPKs. Strongly homologous proteins were identified in all available vertebrate genomes as well as in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. In human and mouse a family of IRLB proteins exists, consisting of at least three members.