家兔外膝体背核中继细胞的被动电缆特性

在离体脑片上测定了２４个家兔外膝体中继细胞的被动膜特性。它们的静息电位为－６２．７±４．１ｍＶ（ＳＤ）;膜输入阻抗为３０．４±１１．２ＭΩ。运用Ｒａｌｌ的线性电缆模型,计算出这些神经元树突的电紧张长度（Ｌ）为０．７９±０．１３;电压衰减因数（Ｈ）为回．３３±０．１１。说明家兔外膝体中继细胞是电学紧密的,树突远端的电位可扩散到胞体,幅度仅衰减２５％左右。     

Hydraulic Parameters Measured in 1-Year-Old Twigs of some Mediterranean Species with Diffuse-Porous Wood: Changes in Hydraulic Conductivity and Their Possible Functional Significance

We report measurements of hydraulic conductivity of Vitis oinifera,Oleo europaea and Populus deltoides 1-year-old twigs. Singleserial internodes were tested for the volume flow rate whichwas related to: (a) the xylem tissue cross-sectional area, (b)the vessel lumina cross-sectional area and (c) the leaf surfacearea supplied by a given stem section. From this, whole xylemhydraulic conductivity (L_x), vessel lumina hydraulic conductivity(L_xv) and leaf specific conductivity (LSC) were calculated.All the three parameters turned out to be linearly related toeach other. This is kcause: (a) the leaf surface area (A₁) waslinearly related to xylem cross-sectional area (A_x and (b) theratio of the vessel lumina cross-sectional area (A_xv) to xylemcross-sectional area (A_x) was approximately constant along thetwigs. Moreover, the hydraulic conductivity of twig segmentswhere buds grow most actively (distal internodes in V. viniferaand proximal ones in O. europaea) was much lower than in therest of the twigs. A possible role played by these ‘constricted’twig regions is discussed. Key words: Changes, Hydraulic conductivity, Stem     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in a marine food fish species,golden trevally Gnathanodon specious

The first set of six polymorphic microsatellites was isolated from a partial genomic DNA library of an important marine food fish Gnathanodon specious, and was characterized in 28 unrelated individuals. The allele number ranged from three to 12 with an average of seven/locus; average expected heterozygosity was 0.57 ranging from 0.10 to 0.87, whereas the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.11 to 0.96 (average: 0.57). All six markers conform to Hardy–Weinberg and linkage equilibria. These markers will be useful for accessing genetic population structure of wild populations and for selective breeding program in fish farms.     

稻纵卷叶螟迁飞途径的研究

稻纵卷叶螟 Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee原为我国水稻上一种间歇性、局部性发生的害虫,随着耕作改制、品种更新、密植高肥等生产水平的提高,为害程度从1965年开始在全国范围内明显上升,已成为水稻上一种常发性的重要害虫。分布东自台湾,西迄西藏,南起海南岛,北到黑龙江,遍及二十八个省、市自治区,主要为害区在泰沂山区到秦岭一线以南各省稻区,及华北、东北渤海湾沿岸地区。国外分布主要在亚洲高温多雨的热带、亚热带及夏季高温多雨的温带地区,以南亚、东南亚各国及日本、朝鲜等地为主,其他     

Colonization of the Aeolian Islands by Pimelia rugulosa rugulosa Germar, 1824 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) inferred from the genetic structure of populations: geological and environmental relations

The darkling beetle Pimelia rugulosa rugulosa Germar, 1824 was selected to investigate the process of colonization in a volcanic archipelago and the role of volcanism in determining spatial patterns of genetic variability. Analyses were conducted in the Aeolian Islands, located in the central Mediterranean directly off the Sicilian coast. Genetic variability and geographic structure were studied in individuals from each island of the archipelago based on sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 mitochondrial gene; a network approach was employed to identify haplotype lineages. A strong genetic structure, with no haplotype sharing among islands, was observed. Six separate lineages were identified that independently colonized different islands of the archipelago from the mainland and differentiated locally to form small haplogroups. Variability of observed haplogroups is correlated with island age and a positive correlation between tenebrionid diversity and mitotype diversity is reported. Some, yet undescribed, catastrophic event is hypothesized to explain the depletion of a substantial part of the genetic, as well as biological diversity in the island of Filicudi. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 104 , 29–37.     

A molecular phylogeny of the genus Apis suggests that the Giant Honey Bee of the Philippines,A. breviligula Maa,and the Plains Honey Bee of southern India,A. indica Fabricius,are valid species

Two new taxa have been added to the existing molecular phylogenies of the genus Apis. The new phylogeny supports the accepted phylogenetic relationships of {dwarf honey bees [giant honey bees (cavity‐nesting honey bees)]}. Based on Bayesian and maximum parsimony trees, our analysis supports recognition of Apis indica, the Plains Honey Bee of south India, as a separate species from A. cerana. Our analysis also supports recognition of the Giant Philippines Honey Bee, A. breviligula, as a separate species from A. dorsata.     

Leaf anatomical properties in relation to differences in mesophyll conductance to CO2 and photosynthesis in two related Mediterranean Abies species

Abies alba and Abies pinsapo are closely related species with the same ribulose 1·5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) large subunit (rbcL) but contrasting hydraulic traits and mesophyll structure occurring in the Iberian Peninsula under contrasting conditions. As photosynthesis and hydraulic capacities often co‐scale, we hypothesize that these species differ in mesophyll conductance to CO₂ (g_m). g_m and key anatomical traits were measured in both species. Drought‐adapted population of A. pinsapo has higher photosynthesis than the more mesic population of A. alba, in agreement with its higher hydraulic capacity. However, A. alba exhibits the largest stomatal conductance (g_s), and so water use efficiency (WUE) is much higher in A. pinsapo. The differences in photosynthesis were explained by differences in g_m, indicating a correlation between hydraulic capacity and g_m. We report a case where g_m is the main factor limiting photosynthesis in one species (A. alba) when compared with the other one (A. pinsapo). The results also highlight the discrepancy between g_m estimates based on anatomical measurements and those based on gas exchange methods, probably due to the very large resistance exerted by cell walls and the stroma in both species. Thus, the cell wall and chloroplast properties in relation to CO₂ diffusion constitute a near‐future research priority.     

Italian Peninsula preserves an evolutionary lineage of the fat dormouse Glis glis L. (Rodentia: Gliridae)

The present study examines the population genetic structure of fifty‐nine specimens of Glis glis (Linneaus, 1766) from thirteen localities in central Europe, sequencing a 400‐bp segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene and a 673‐bp segment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The consensus tree obtained from Bayesian analysis revealed a robust dichotomy, showing two sister groups: one clade includes samples from a wide geographical area, extending from north‐central Europe to northern Italy (major branch sensu Bilton), and the other comprises samples collected in central and southern Italy and in Sicily (Italian branch). According to the Tajima–Nei model, the two phylogroups were separated by a sequence divergence of 0.8% (cyt b) – 2.6% (COI), showing the COI gene to be more informative than cyt b. On a smaller geographical scale, the Italian clade was further substructured, displaying geographical differentiation along the Peninsula. The gene pool in this area was patchy; whereas populations from Sicily Island demonstrated fixed cyt b and COI haplotypes, assuming processes of isolation and selection. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 102 , 11–21.     

尖叶木樨榄作砧木嫁接油橄榄的研究

本文就云南、四川两省采用尖叶木樨榄(Olea ferrugineaRoyle.)作砧木嫁接油橄榄(Olea europaea L.)二十余年的试验观察,报道尖叶木樨榄在我国的分布及其生物学特性,系统总结尖叶木樨榄作砧木对油橄榄生长发育及开花结实的影响。试验结果表明:尖叶木樨榄作砧木具有种子出苗率高,嫁接繁殖容易,提早油橄榄开花结实年龄,增强油橄榄对酸性红壤的适应性,增强油橄榄对干旱环境和对某些病害的抗性等优点。此砧木已在我国西南部油橄榄适生区应用于生产性栽培。