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31.
Rosangela Itri Mauricio Baptista Antonio Jos Costa-Filho Richard Charles Garratt 《Biophysical reviews》2021,13(6):797
The 20th IUPAB Congress took place online, together with the annual meetings of the Brazilian Biophysical Society and the Brazilian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, from the 4th to the 8th of October, 2021. The ten keynote lectures, 24 symposia, two poster sessions, and a series of technical seminars covered the full diversity of current biophysical research and its interfaces with other fields. The event had over 1000 attendees, with an excellent gender balance. Although the Americas dominated, there were also significant numbers of participants from Europe, Asia, and Africa.The International Union of Pure and Applied Biophysics (IUPAB) came into existence in Stockholm in 1961 and has been a member of the International Science Council since 1966 (Solomon 1968). Its overall objectives aim to foster international collaboration in all aspects of biophysics and related areas and to catalyze the advancement of basic biophysical research as well as its many applications. Although IUPAB is active on many fronts, undeniably one of its showcase events is the IUPAB Congress, traditionally organized every three years in different locations worldwide. In 2021, the event was organized and run from Brazil, albeit for the very first time in a virtual format due to travel restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. On this occasion, the Congress was organized in conjunction with the annual meetings of both the Brazilian Biophysical Society (SBBf, in its 45th edition) and the Brazilian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (SBBq, in its 50th edition). Even with the united forces of these well-established local societies, it turned out to be a bumpy ride to bring the event to fruition.Plans for the 20th Congress began in 2016, almost immediately after the decision to hold the event in Brazil, a cause championed by the then-president of the Brazilian Biophysical Society, Marcelo Morales. The original plans had the meeting to be held in the Cidade Maravilhosa (The Wonderful City) of Rio de Janeiro in October 2020. However, it soon became apparent that the political and economic difficulties that the State of Rio was facing at the time meant that it would be wise to search for an alternative venue. The previous experience of SBBq in organizing similar events in the city of Foz do Iguaçu, on the borders with Argentina and Paraguay, made this an obvious choice. Furthermore, the natural attraction of the spectacular Iguaçu waterfalls seemed to be an ideal compensation for Sugar Loaf Mountain, Copacabana beach, and the statue of Christ the Redeemer on Corcovado Mountain.Then came the pandemic. By mid-2020, it had become apparent that there were too many unknowns to make it possible to proceed with an in-person event in October of that year. It was decided to postpone the congress to 2021 but with a firm belief that things would be “back to normal.” Sweet delusion! As 2020 turned into 2021 and the severity and longevity of the pandemic became clearer and clearer (not to mention the abysmal performance of the Brazilian government in failing to rise to the challenge), the inevitable decision was taken to transform the event into an “on-line” congress. This was a first for both the local organizers and the IUPAB.The move to an online format immediately had an impact on the organization of the Young Scientist Program. This was initially envisaged to be a combination of formal and informal activities aimed at uniting about 40 early carrier scientists and post-docs for a couple of days prior to the main event in a stimulating atmosphere conducive to networking. Skillfully conceived, organized, and executed by Eneida de Paula (Campinas) and Eduardo Reis (São Paulo), this too had to be adapted to a “virtual reality.” The successful solution turned out to be a series of fortnightly thematic webinars, including a talk from a recognized authority in the field followed by three or four short presentations from the participants themselves (Table (Table1).1). The standard was extremely high and the YSP ended up being a highly effective warm-up to the congress itself. Furthermore, there was excellent geographical diversity among the participants with Europe, Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and both North and South America represented.Table 1Young Scientist Webinar Program
Open in a separate windowThe main event attracted over 1000 participants, with an excellent gender balance. Although the Americas dominated, there were also significant numbers of participants from Europe, Asia, and Africa (Fig. 1). Table Table22 gives an excellent idea of the diverse subject matter covered during the 5 days of the congress itself. As to be expected, the way in which biophysics naturally interfaces with biochemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, chemistry (including medicinal chemistry), physics, engineering, etc. was more than apparent. Nevertheless, several themes appeared to be particularly recurrent throughout the event. Notwithstanding the plethora of other topics, several main threads permeated the proceedings, and these included (1) lipids, membranes, their assembly, and dynamics; (2) bioimaging at all levels; (3) drug targets and drug development/delivery; and (4) molecular recognition including membrane/protein interactions. This special issue aims to cover the main topics of the event as comprehensively as possible in similar vein to previous efforts (Hall and dos Remedios, 2017). In over 50 articles, including reviews, commentaries, letters, and editorials, we aim to convey the full flavor of the congress. It is hoped that this will serve simultaneously as both a useful source of reference and a historical record. The short, focused review articles are all up-to-date and expected to be of particular value to a broad readership. We hope that you enjoy them as much as we have and find them to be instructive and beneficial.Open in a separate windowFig. 1Participants by continentTable 2Symposia organized during the 20th IUPAB Congress
Open in a separate windowAll of the Keynote lectures (Table (Table3)3) were very well attended. The Nobel laureate Richard Henderson set the ball rolling with a beautifully clear historical overview of how cryo-EM got to be where it is now and what we might expect for the near future. Tony Watts (the new president-elect of IUPAB) closed the event with the Avanti/IUPAB award lecture and a clear message that biophysics is not all about proteins—lipids are important (also)! Midweek, a second Nobel prize winner, Michael Levitt, gave his take on the COVID-19 pandemic by applying his talent for mathematical modeling in much the same way as he so successfully applied it to macromolecular systems in the past. At the very least, his talk gave plenty of food for thought to those who were present.Table 3Keynote speakers
Open in a separate windowOverall, the sessions were very well attended with typically over 200 participants. The ease of moving from one session to another under the virtual format proved to be a notable advantage. Furthermore, since many of the talks were pre-recorded, most of the sessions kept to time rather better than is often the case at traditional events. The two poster sessions were also very well frequented, and the pre-recorded videos were generally of high quality. Approximately 10% of all poster presenters were awarded prizes during the closing ceremony, and six special prizes were generously provided by the Royal Society of Chemistry.Several special activities were held throughout the week. These included technical seminars by some of the sponsors, including Cytiva, Thermo-Fisher, and Sartorius as well as sessions devoted to Brazil-German exchange programs and one on “Gender in Science.” The latter was particularly motivational for the congress participants, whose demographic was heavily biased towards early-career scientists, post-docs, and students (Fig. 2). Biophysical Reviews organized two early-morning sessions, one of which was an editorial board meeting whilst the other was open to all interested parties and represented an opportunity to promote the journal within the community. The IUPAB held its general assembly on the 6th of October. Manuel Prieto formally took over as President with Marcelo Morales stepping down but continuing as a council member in the role of immediate Past President. Tony Watts becomes the new President Elect.Open in a separate windowFig. 2The distribution of participants according to their stage in the careerDespite the challenges of organizing a widely diverse international event online, we came away with the feeling of a mission accomplished and the hope that we will be able to meet up in person in the very near future. From the extremely high standard of the presentations and the overall satisfaction of the participants, we think it can be considered to have been a success. See you all in Kyoto! 相似文献
Date | General subject area | Invited speaker |
---|---|---|
19th May | Biomimetic Structures and Systems/Multiscale Biophysics of Membranes | Manuel Prieto, Portugal |
26th May | Cell Biophysics and Phase Transition | Clifford Brangwynne, USA |
9th June | Plant biotechnology/Biofuels/Bioenergy | Igor Polikarpov, Brazil |
23rd June | Applications in Biomedical and Materials Science | – |
7th July | Mechanisms of Membrane Protein | Natalie Strynadka, Canada |
21st July | Membrane Permeation: Channels and Transporters | Eduardo Perozo, USA |
4th August | Bioenergetics and Metabolism | Alicia Kowaltowski, Brazil |
18th August | Protein Structure to Function/Structural Biology | Wah Chiu, USA |
1st September | Computational Biophysics and Biochemistry | Ingemar André, Sweden |
15th September | Drug Discovery and Delivery | Fabio Sonvico, Italy |
Title | Chair |
---|---|
Drug design and delivery | Joke Bouwstra (Leiden, Netherlands) |
Protein Structure, Dynamics and Function | Richard Garratt (São Carlos, Brazil) |
Biological Photosensors and their Applications in Optogenetics | Silvia Braslavsky (MPI, Germany) |
Macromolecular Machines and Switching Devices | Alejandro Buschiazzo (Montevideo, Uruguay) |
RSC–Chemical Biology | Randall Peterson (Utah, USA) |
Young Talent in Life Sciences (Cytiva Award) | Juliana Fietto (Viçosa, Brazil) |
Deforming Membranes | Patricia Bassereau (Curie Institute, France) |
Systems Biology and Biomarkers for Human Disorders | Peter Nilson (KTH, Stockholm, Sweden) |
PABMB Symposium: Metabolism and Bioenergetics | Alicia Kowaltowski (São Paulo, Brazil) |
Biophotonics | Georg Wondrak/Martha Ribeiro (Arizona, USA/São Paulo, Brazil) |
Microbiomes: human and environmental | Leda Vieira (Belo Horizonte, Brazil) |
Molecular and Cell Imaging | Paulo Bisch (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) |
Ionic Channels and Membrane Transporters | John Baenziger (Chicago, USA) |
Biomolecular Association and Dynamics | Paul Whitford (Boston, USA) |
Gender in Science | Cristina Nonato/David Crossman (Ribeirão Preto, Brazil/Aukland, New Zealand) |
Protein Folding, Misfolding and Unfolding | Vladimir Uversky (Tampa, USA) |
EBSA Symposium on Translational Biophysics | Anthony Watts/Jesús Pérez-Gil (Oxford, UK/Madrid, Spain) |
Autophagy: Mechanisms and Applications | Marcelo Mori (Campinas, Brazil) |
Membrane Simulation | Mikko Karttunen (Ontario, Canada) |
Systems Biologics: at the interface… | Stephen Michnick (Montreal, Canada) |
IUBMB Symposium: Science Education | Manuel João Costa (U. Minho, Portugal) |
Scissioning Membranes | Rumiana Dimova (Potsdam, Germany) |
Redox Biology | Rafael Radi (Montevideo, Uruguay) |
Biophysics of the Immune System | Jean-Marie Ruysschaert (Brussels, Belgium) |
Speaker | Title |
---|---|
Richard Henderson (LMB, Cambridge) | Impact of Single Particle Cryo-electron Microscopy on Structural Biology |
Carlos Bustamante (University of California, Berkeley) | Co-temporal Force and Fluorescence Measurements Reveal a Ribosomal Gear-shift Mechanism of Translation Regulation by mRNA Secondary Structures |
Giorgio Trinchieri (Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Maryland) | Targeting the microbiome in cancer immunotherapy |
Tao Xu (Chinese Academy of Sciences) | The Bei Shizhang Lecture: Cryogenic superresolution correlative light and electron microscopy on the frontier od subcellular imaging |
Michael Levitt (Stanford) | Lessons from 620 days Studying COVID-19 |
Ohara Augusto (São Paulo) | Carbon Dioxide Redox Metabolites in Eustress and Oxidative Distress |
Ramon Latorre (Valparaíso) | Calcium-driven Voltage Sensingand the role of Charged Residues in the voltage sensor domain of BK |
Angela Gronenborn (Pittsburgh) | The Awesome Power of Fluorine NMR |
Yoav Shechtman (Haifa) | IUPAB Young Investigator Lecture: Next Generation Localization Microscopy—or How and Why to Ruin and Perfectly Good Microscope |
Anthony Watts (Oxford) | Avanti/IUPAB Award Lecture: Lipids are important |
32.
Omar Mertins Isabel?O.L. Bacellar Fabrice Thalmann Carlos?M. Marques Maurício?S. Baptista Rosangela Itri 《Biophysical journal》2014,106(1):162-171
In this study we pursue a closer analysis of the photodamage promoted on giant unilamellar vesicles membranes made of dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) or 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), by irradiating methylene blue present in the giant unilamellar vesicles solution. By means of optical microscopy and electro-deformation experiments, the physical damage on the vesicle membrane was followed and the phospholipids oxidation was evaluated in terms of changes in the membrane surface area and permeability. As expected, oxidation modifies structural characteristics of the phospholipids that lead to remarkable membrane alterations. By comparing DOPC- with POPC-made membranes, we observed that the rate of pore formation and vesicle degradation as a function of methylene blue concentration follows a diffusion law in the case of DOPC and a linear variation in the case of POPC. We attributed this scenario to the nucleation process of oxidized species following a diffusion-limited growth regime for DOPC and in the case of POPC a homogeneous nucleation process. On the basis of these premises, we constructed models based on reaction-diffusion equations that fit well with the experimental data. This information shows that the outcome of the photosensitization reactions is critically dependent on the type of lipid present in the membrane. 相似文献
33.
The objective of our work has been the microencapsulation of dyes with lecithin from soybean, with the formation of liposomes, as a substitute for synthetic auxiliaries so as to improve the quality of the effluent. Current scenarios promote the disintegration and leakage of the liposomes, such as, changes in temperature, pH and the use of surfactants. Since dyeing process is a mix of all these parameters, we pretended to study each one separately. Rhodamine 6G fluorescence is known to be concentration quenched through the formation of non-fluorescent dimmers and, additionally, through the energy transfer from rhodamine monomer to these dimmers (Baptista ALF, Coutinho PJG, Real Oliveira MECD, Gomes JINR. Proceedings of 13th International Symposium of Surfactants, SIS 2000, Gainesville, USA, 2000). The temperature, the surfactant and pH induce a release of the encapsulated dye resulting in rhodamine dilution and consequently alterations in the dimerization/binding equilibrium. The experimental spectra indicate that rhodamine binds almost completely to liposomes. The decomposition of the rhodamine fluorescence spectra allowed us to determine the percentage of released dye during a simulated dyeing process, and allowed us to conclude that the dimerization process occurs mainly at the inner interfaces. The amount of dye released induced by temperature changes was greater in the presence of surfactant. 相似文献
34.
Trehalose delays the reversible but not the irreversible thermal denaturation of cutinase 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effect of trehalose (0.5 M) on the thermal stability of cutinase in the alkaline pH range was studied. The thermal unfolding induced by increasing temperature was analyzed in the absence and in the presence of trehalose according to a two-state model (which assumes that only the folded and unfolded states of cutinase were present). Trehalose delays the reversible unfolding. The midpoint temperature of the unfolding transition (Tm) increases by 4.0 degrees C and 2. 6 degrees C at pH 9.2 and 10.5, respectively, in the presence of trehalose. At pH 9.2 the thermal unfolding occurs at higher temperatures (Tm is 52.6 degrees C compared to 42.0 degrees C at pH 10.5) and a refolding yield of around 80% was obtained upon cooling. This pH value was chosen to study the irreversible inactivation (long-term stability) of cutinase. Temperatures in the transition range from folded to unfolded state were selected and the rate constants of irreversible inactivation determined. Inactivation followed first-order kinetics and trehalose reduced the observed rate constants of inactivation, pointing to a stabilizing effect on the irreversible inactivation step of thermal denaturation. However, if the contribution of reversible unfolding on the irreversible inactivation of cutinase was taken into account, i.e., considering the fraction of cutinase molecules in the reversible unfolded conformation, the intrinsic rate constants can be calculated. Based on the intrinsic rate constants it was concluded that trehalose does not delay the irreversible inactivation. This conclusion was further supported by comparing the activation energy of the irreversible inactivation in the absence and in the presence of trehalose. The apparent activation energy in the absence and in the presence of trehalose were 67 and 99 Kcal/mol, respectively. The activation energy calculated from intrinsic rate constants was higher in the absence (30 Kcal/mol) than in the presence of trehalose (16 Kcal/mol), showing that kinetics of the irreversible inactivation step increased in the presence of trehalose. In fact, trehalose stabilized only the reversible step of thermal denaturation of cutinase. 相似文献
35.
36.
Abstract Post-construction avifauna investigations were undertaken at Project West Wind, Meridian Energy Limited's 62-turbine wind farm on the Wellington south coast. These investigations were required in accordance with the resource consent conditions to quantify the level of avian mortalities occurring at the wind farm, particularly in regard to New Zealand falcon (Falco novaeseelandiae), kākā (Nestor meridionalis) and kererū (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae). This is the first comprehensive study at a New Zealand operating wind farm. The methods included three field components necessary to calculate annual estimates of mortalities across the wind farm site: routine turbine searches; carcass detection trials; and carcass removal trials. Results from years 1 and 2 of a three-year programme are presented. To date, mortalities have been recorded for 17 taxa at 18 of the 24 study turbines. There have been no recorded mortalities of falcon, kākā or kererū. Australasian harrier (Circus approximans) has been the species for which the most mortalities have been recorded. Overall estimated annual mortality rates for years 1 and 2 were calculated to be approximately six and five birds per turbine respectively. 相似文献
37.
Baptista MZ Sarian LO Vassallo J Pinto GA Soares FA de Souza GA 《The International journal of biological markers》2011,26(3):188-196
This study examined the associations between GRP78 expression and breast cancer recurrence and survival in patients treated with anthracyclines in the adjuvant setting. GRP78 expression was assessed in 106 stage II/III breast cancer patients. Tissue microarray was used to perform immunohistochemistry and to determine the GRP78 expression in endoplasmic reticulum and cell membrane of breast tumors. Four distinct scenarios (low and high thresholds) were developed. For high thresholds, 16% and 40% of our cases were GRP78-positive for endoplasmic reticulum and cell membrane, respectively. For low thresholds, 74% and 87% of our cases were GRP78-positive for endoplasmic reticulum and cell membrane, respectively. In the endoplasmic reticulum high-threshold scenario, GRP78 positive was found to be significantly frequent in T3 tumors (p=0.02), and inversely related to ERBB2 overexpression (p=0.03). There was a lower proportion of GRP78-positive cases among women between 50 and 65 years of age (p=0.02). In the endoplasmic reticulum low-threshold scenario, the proportion of GRP78-positive cases was significantly higher in women younger than 50 years and in those who were premenopausal (p=0.04). No statistically significant difference was found in survival probabilities among the scenarios examined. In our cohort, GRP78 overexpression was not a predictor of overall or disease-free survival of patients receiving anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy. 相似文献
38.
Recombinant haploid segregants were recovered in filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans (Eidam) G. Winter directly from the heterokaryons instead of diploid segregants (process described earlier as parameiosis). In spite of the reproductive complexity of A. nidulans, parameiosis has only now been observed in this fungus. Since parameiosis was characterized by the occurrence of genetic recombination inside heterokaryotic hyphae, master strains (uvs+) and uvs mutants with high rate of both mitotic exchanges or chromosome nondisjunction were used to form heterokaryons. Two groups of mitotic segregants were recovered directly from heterokaryons--aneuploids and stable haploids. Heterokaryons formed with uvs mutants produced a higher number of parameiotic segregants compared to the heterokaryons formed with uvs+ strains. Segregants were analyzed by nutritional markers, acriflavine resistance and conidial color. Normal meiotic behavior of haploid recombinants was observed. 相似文献
39.
Machado D Couto I Perdigão J Rodrigues L Portugal I Baptista P Veigas B Amaral L Viveiros M 《PloS one》2012,7(4):e34538
Multidrug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most effective drugs used in tuberculosis therapy. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which resistance towards isoniazid develops and how overexpression of efflux pumps favors accumulation of mutations in isoniazid targets, thus establishing a MDR phenotype. The study was based on the in vitro induction of an isoniazid resistant phenotype by prolonged serial exposure of M. tuberculosis strains to the critical concentration of isoniazid employed for determination of drug susceptibility testing in clinical isolates. Results show that susceptible and rifampicin monoresistant strains exposed to this concentration become resistant to isoniazid after three weeks; and that resistance observed for the majority of these strains could be reduced by means of efflux pumps inhibitors. RT-qPCR assessment of efflux pump genes expression showed overexpression of all tested genes. Enhanced real-time efflux of ethidium bromide, a common efflux pump substrate, was also observed, showing a clear relation between overexpression of the genes and increased efflux pump function. Further exposure to isoniazid resulted in the selection and stabilization of spontaneous mutations and deletions in the katG gene along with sustained increased efflux activity. Together, results demonstrate the relevance of efflux pumps as one of the factors of isoniazid resistance in M. tuberculosis. These results support the hypothesis that activity of efflux pumps allows the maintenance of an isoniazid resistant population in a sub-optimally treated patient from which isoniazid genetically resistant mutants emerge. Therefore, the use of inhibitors of efflux should be considered in the development of new therapeutic strategies for preventing the emergence of MDR-TB during treatment. 相似文献
40.
Murilo S. Baptista Rero M. Rubinger Emilson R. Viana José C. Sartorelli Ulrich Parlitz Celso Grebogi 《PloS one》2012,7(10)
The amount of information exchanged per unit of time between two nodes in a dynamical network or between two data sets is a powerful concept for analysing complex systems. This quantity, known as the mutual information rate (MIR), is calculated from the mutual information, which is rigorously defined only for random systems. Moreover, the definition of mutual information is based on probabilities of significant events. This work offers a simple alternative way to calculate the MIR in dynamical (deterministic) networks or between two time series (not fully deterministic), and to calculate its upper and lower bounds without having to calculate probabilities, but rather in terms of well known and well defined quantities in dynamical systems. As possible applications of our bounds, we study the relationship between synchronisation and the exchange of information in a system of two coupled maps and in experimental networks of coupled oscillators. 相似文献