辽东栎对大气CO2倍增的响应

 本文研究了CO2加浓对暖温带落叶阔叶混交林典型自然群落建群种辽东栎的影响,结果表明：在生理学方面,CO2倍增下气孔阻抗略增大,为对照的106％,蒸腾速率略下降,为对照的92％,暗呼吸速率与对照很接近,但略微下降为对照的98.9％。净光合速率、昼夜净光合量、水分利用效率都明显提高,分别为对照的155％,172％和179％。可以看出C02倍增对辽东栎的生理过程有促进作用,属正效应。其中以生长旺季6、7月增长更为明显。在生长方面,CO2倍增下生长各项指标增长也较明显,叶面积为对照的107％,叶干重为对照的140％,以植株高度增加最明显,为对照的331％,清楚的看出辽东栎的生长与生理过程的变化趋势是一致的、均属正效应。也就是说在其他环境资源满足植物要求时,CO2倍增对树木具有“施肥”作用,它可促进植物的生理过程和提高其生物生产力。     

斜带石斑鱼MyD88基因的克隆与表达

本研究运用RACE-PCR技术获得斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)髓样分化因子88 (myeloid differentiation factor 88,MyD88)基因,并对该基因进行生物信息学和表达模式分析.研究结果表明1 795 bp的cDNA全长序列,包括ORF 870 bp、5' UTR 243 bp和3' UTR 682 bp,3' UTR存在1个多聚腺苷酸加尾信号(AATAAA)和两个mRNA不稳定基序(ATTTA).SMART软件预测该蛋白N端和C端分别存在死亡结构域和TIR结构域(Toll/IL-1 receptor homology domain,TIR);与其它脊椎动物MyD88的序列同一性达57.1%～78.7%;用NJ法构建的系统进化树中,斜带石斑鱼MyD88和其它已报导的鱼类MyD88聚为一枝.qPCR检测结果显示MyD88基因mRNA主要表达于肝脏、脾脏、头肾和胸腺等组织.本研究为进一步探讨MyD88在斜带石斑鱼TLR信号传导中的作用奠定基础.     

患病中国大鲵中分离到一株虹彩病毒及其特性的研究

从陕西某大鲵养殖场患病的大鲵体内分离到一株病毒。患病大鲵以体表溃疡,特别是肢体远端溃烂为主要临床特征。该病毒于10℃~30℃能在BF-2(Caudal trunk cells of blue-gillfry)、CO(Gorad cells of grass carp)、CHSE(Embryo cells of Chinook salmon)、FHM(cells of fathed minnow)等细胞中较好地增殖,最适生长温度为25℃~30℃。病毒对氯仿、热、pH3、pH10敏感,DNA抑制剂5-氟-2′-脱氧尿苷(5-fluro-2-′deoxyuridine,FUDR)能抑制病毒在细胞中的增殖,提示该病毒是有囊膜的DNA病毒。经电镜观察,在感染了病毒的细胞切片中可见到大量直径约130~150 nm有囊膜的六角形病毒颗粒成晶格排列在细胞质里,病毒呈典型的虹彩病毒形态。抽提病毒核酸后进行PCR扩增,用已知蛙病毒主要衣壳蛋白(MCP)基因的保守序列设计的引物能扩增出431bp的片段。扩增的片段测序后,和已知的几种蛙病毒属成员的主要衣壳蛋白基因中的相应片段进行比对,相似性在96%以上。血清学试验结果显示该病毒和IPNV(Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus,IPNV)、GCRV(Grass carp reovirus,GCRV)、SVCV(Spring viraemia of carp virus,SVCV)I、HNV(Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus,IHNV)在血清学上没有相关性。以上结果提示该病毒可能是虹彩病毒科蛙病毒属的成员,暂时命名为大鲵虹彩病毒(Andrias davidianus iridovirus,ADIV)。该病毒与大鲵发病的关系有待进一步研究。     

Multiplex gene editing of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Yarrowia lipolytica</Emphasis> genome using the CRISPR-Cas9 system

Yarrowia lipolytica is categorized as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) organism and is a heavily documented, unconventional yeast that has been widely incorporated into multiple industrial fields to produce valuable biochemicals. This study describes the construction of a CRISPR-Cas9 system for genome editing in Y. lipolytica using a single plasmid (pCAS1yl or pCAS2yl) to transport Cas9 and relevant guide RNA expression cassettes, with or without donor DNA, to target genes. Two Cas9 target genes, TRP1 and PEX10, were repaired by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination, with maximal efficiencies in Y. lipolytica of 85.6 % for the wild-type strain and 94.1 % for the ku70/ku80 double-deficient strain, within 4 days. Simultaneous double and triple multigene editing was achieved with pCAS1yl by NHEJ, with efficiencies of 36.7 or 19.3 %, respectively, and the pCASyl system was successfully expanded to different Y. lipolytica breeding strains. This timesaving method will enable and improve synthetic biology, metabolic engineering and functional genomic studies of Y. lipolytica.     

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor in the regulation of myoblast proliferation and differentiation

Obesity is documented to be a state of chronic mild inflammation associated with increased macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue and liver and skeletal muscle. As a pleiotropic inflammatory mediator, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is associated with metabolic disease, so MIF may signal molecular links between adipocytes and myocytes. MIF expression was modified during myoblast differentiation, but the role of MIF during this process is unclear. C2C12 cells were transfected with MIF to investigate their role during differentiation. MIF expression attenuated C2C12 differentiation. It did not change proliferation, but downregulated cyclin D1 and CDK4, causing cell accumulation in the G1 phase. p21 protein was increased significantly and MyoD, MyoG, and p21 mRNA also increased significantly in the C2C12 cells treated with ISO-1, suggesting that inhibition of MIF promotes differentiation. MIF inhibits the myoblast differentiation by affecting the cell cycle progression, but does not affect proliferation.     

Expression,purification, and breast cancer cell inhibiting effect of recombinant human lactoferrin C-lobe

Lactoferrin (LTF), a multifunctional glycoprotein of the transferrin family mainly found in exotic secretions in mammals, is an important defense molecule against not only microbial invasion but also tumors. It folds into two globular domains (N- and C-lobes) each containing an iron-binding site. The cationic antimicrobial peptide in N-lobe is known to exert anti-tumor effect via a non-receptor-mediated pathway. However, whether LTF C-lobe also contributes to its anti-tumor activity remains to be investigated. In this study, a human LTF fragment (amino acid residues 343–682) covering the C-lobe was expressed with a histidine tag in E. coli and the purified polypeptide refolded through a series of buffer changing procedure. The resultant recombinant protein caused significant growth arrest of breast carcinoma cells MDA-MB-231 in a dose- and time-dependent manner, evidently via induction of apoptosis of the cell. Our data suggest a positive role for the C-lobe of human LTF in controlling tumors in vitro.