兰州地区1994～1997年医疗用血抗-HIV筛查报告

对甘肃省血液中心供给兰州地区的７８１２３人份医疗用血进行抗－ＨＩＶ－１／２检查,ＥＬＩＳＡ法中２２例（０．２８‰）为阳性,用ＷＢ法确证后无一例阳性,说明兰州地区医疗用血尚未受艾滋病毒污染,血液是安全的,同时提示国产试剂质量有待进一步提高     

Comparative Flower and Inflorescence Organogenesis among Genera of Betulaceae: Implications for Phylogenetic Relationships

Betulaceae have simple flowers but complex inflorescences. Recent phylogenetic analyses using molecular data have produced robust phylogenetic trees of Betulaceae. In this study, we evaluated the phylogenetic value of comparative organogenetic data of reproductive organs in the context of molecular phylogenies. Flower and inflorescence developmental processes of 21 species from all six genera in Betulaceae were documented with scanning electron microscopy. In each pistillate cyme, there are one primary bract, two secondary bracts, and two or three flowers in the six genera; only in Alnus are there two tertiary bracts on the abaxial side. The pistillate flower of all genera but Alnus has tepal primordia. Two tepals stop developing early on, resulting in the lack of tepals in mature flowers of Betula; while the tepals are initiated from a common circular primordium at the base of pistil in Corylus, Ostryopsis, Carpinus, and Ostrya, and the developed tepals with irregular shape and unstable number of lobes are adnate to the top of the pistil. In staminate organogenesis, each cyme has one primary bract and three flowers in all genera; two secondary bracts are only present in Alnus, Betula, and Corylus. Staminate flowers have no tepals except in Alnus and Betula, and exhibit high variation in number of stamens among genera. The number of secondary and tertiary bracts in each pistillate and staminate cyme, as well as the presence of tepals in pistillate and staminate flowers was clarified in all genera. Micro-morphological characters were used to infer the phylogenetic relationships of genera and sections of Betulaceae. Our analyses support the division of two subfamilies: Betuloideae (Alnus and Betula) and Coryloideae (Corylus, Carpinus, Ostrya, and Ostryopsis), and three tribes: Betuleae (Alnus and Betula), Coryleae (Corylus), and Carpineae (Carpinus, Ostrya, and Ostryopsis). The results agree with those from molecular phylogenetic studies, and suggest that micro-morphological characters are phylogenetically informative in Betulaceae, and reproductive organs of Betulaceae have evolved in the direction of reduction in bracts and tepals.     

塔里木盆地西北缘核桃坚果生化成分多样性分析

该研究收集新疆塔里木盆地西北缘44份核桃资源,其中树龄超过50 a的实生资源41份、主栽良种3个,并对其主要生化成分蛋白质、糖、脂肪、氨基酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸进行了多样性分析。结果表明:44份资源的生化成分变异幅度大,存在着丰富的多样性。各指标变异幅度由4.93%~30.93%,香农-维纳指数(H')变幅为1.38~2.02。17种氨基酸变异幅度由10.07%~35.71%,香农-维纳指数(H')变幅为1.85~2.20。主要生化成分主成分分析显示蛋白质、糖、脂肪三个主要成分的累计贡献率达81.67%。聚类分析表明,群组间生化成分存在显著差异,群组的聚类与地理分布有明显相关性,流域相同的资源的生化成分构成比例具有相似性。与主栽品种相比,实生资源在糖、蛋白质、脂肪等方面具有更高的变异幅度,因而具有一定的开发潜力。     

Systematic investigation of interactions between papain and MPA-capped CdTe quantum dots

Fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) have been widely applied in biological and biomedical areas, but relatively little is known about the interaction of QDs with some natural enzymes. Herein, the interactions between 3-mercaptopropionic acid-capped CdTe QDs (MPA-QDs) and papain were systematically investigated by UV–Vis absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and circular dichroism (CD) spectra under the physiological conditions. The fluorescence spectra results indicated that MPA-QDs quenched the fluorescence intensity of papain. The modified Stern–Volmer quenching constant K _a at different temperatures and the corresponding thermodynamic parameters ΔH, ΔG and ΔS were also calculated. The binding of MPA-QDs and papain is a result of the formation of QDs-papain complex and the electrostatic interactions play a major role in stabilizing the complex. The CD technique was further used to analyze the conformational changes of papain induced by MPA-QDs and the results indicated that the biological activity of papain was affected by MPA-QDs dramatically.     

Purification,structural elucidation and in vivo immunity-enhancing activity of polysaccharides from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) seeds

ABSTRACT

Quinoa crude polysaccharides (QPS) were extracted from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. The soluble non-starch polysaccharide fraction (QPS1) was subsequently purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-50 gel chromatography, using QPS as raw materials. Its chemical structure was identified using FT-IR, NMR, AFM, SEM and Congo red staining. High performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) was used to determine molecular weight, and composition by HPLC. QPS1, with a molecular weight of 34.0 kDa, was mainly composed of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose at a molar ratio of 2.63:2.40:1.64:6.28:1.95:2.48:5.01. In addition, we evaluated the ameliorative effects of QPS1 on the improvement of anti-cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppression in ICR mice. The result exhibited significantly immune-enhancing activity: QPS1 successfully improved the content of IFN-γ, IL-6, IFN-ɑ, IgM and lysozyme (LYSO) in serum for three weeks, enhanced the phagocytic function of mononuclear macrophages and ameliorated delayed allergy in mice.     

Identification of a New Gene Encoding EPSPS with High Glyphosate Resistance from the Metagenomic Library

Glyphosate, a powerful nonselective herbicide, acts as an inhibitor of the activity of the enzyme 5-enoylpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) encoded by the aroA gene involved in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. An Escherichia coli mutant AKM4188 was constructed by insertion a kanamycin cassette within the aroA coding sequence. The mutant strain is an aromatic amino acids auxotroph and fails to grow on M9 minimal media due to the inactive aroA. A DNA metagenomic library was constructed with samples from a glyphosate-polluted area and was screened by using the mutant AKM4188 as recipient. Three plasmid clones, which restored growth to the aroA mutant in M9 minimal media supplemented with chloramphenicol, kanamycin, and 50 mM glyphosate, were obtained from the DNA metagenomic library. One of them, which conferred glyphosate tolerance up to 150 mM, was further characterized. The cloned fragment encoded a polypeptide, designated RD, sharing high similarity with other Class II EPSPS proteins. A His-tagged RD fusion protein was produced into E. coli to characterize the enzymatic properties of the RD EPSP protein.     

Molecular Epidemiologic Correlation Analysis Between Caspase3 Gene Polymorphism and Gastric Cancer Susceptibility

The objective was to analyze the relation between gastric cancer susceptibility and gene polymorphism, providing a reference for epidemiologic research of gastric cancer etiology. Two hundred and eighty gastric cancer cases were selected, and 280 healthy cases with the same gender, age (±5), and residence place were selected as control group, with proportion of 1:1. Tag single nucleotide polymorphism was used for screening polymorphism of caspase3, which was combined with logistic regression model and multi-point joint analysis to analyze relation between different genotypes and gastric susceptibility. In analysis of gene polymorphism of caspase3 intrinsic apoptotic pathway and gastric cancer susceptibility, polymorphism of CASP3 rs4647693, CASP3 rs12108497 and CASP3 rs4647610 increased gastric cancer risk (rs4647693: OR_GA 1.61, 95 % CI 1.06–2.28; rs12108497: OR_TC 1.55, 95 % CI 1.09–2.18; OR_CC 2.45, 95 % CI 1.08–4.16; rs4647610: OR_AG 1.71, 95 % CI 1.14–2.31; OR_GG 1.60, 95 % CI 1.23–2.34). Gastric cancer risk of haplotype AGGC carrier was significantly higher than that of haplotype GGAT as control (OR 1.44, 95 % CI 1.07–2.19). Gene polymorphism and haplotype of caspase3 can increase gastric cancer risk. However, it still needs to be verified by a large-sample and multicenter epidemiologic research.     

Chemical oxygen demand,nitrogen and phosphorus removal by subsurface wetlands with Phragmites vegetation in different models

To improve the removal efficiency of subsurface wetlands vegetated mainly by Phragmites, pilot‐scale gravel‐based wetlands were used to treat sewage characterized by chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) pollution. For Phragmites vegetation, COD, TP and TN removal loads of wetland vegetation with Phragmites australis–Typha angustata–Scirpus validus as main species reached 0.517 g m^?2 d^?1, 0.277 g P m^?2 d^?1 and 0.023 g N m^?2 d^?1. The COD removal loads in pilot‐scale and medium‐scale (260 m² in area) wetlands with Phragmites‐monoculture vegetation were 0.62–0.64 g m^?2 d^?1, while that of P. australis–T. angustata–S. validus wetland reached 0.974 g m^?2 d^?1. Thus, the preferable poly‐culture model for Phragmites wetland vegetation was P. australis, T. angustata, S. validus and Zizania latifolia with stem density ratio of 8:1:5:1. After harvest, nitrogen and phosphorus standing stocks of wetland vegetations ranged only 2.2–9.93 g N m^?2 and 5.39–13.5 g P m^?2, respectively, as both the above ground biomass and the nitrogen and phosphorus contents of the wetland vegetation harvested in late autumn were low.     

不同培肥措施对低肥力土壤生态系统蚯蚓种群数量的影响

通过在华北低肥力农田生态系统进行的不同土壤培肥试验 ,研究了不同秸秆还田方式和施肥措施对土壤中蚯蚓种群的影响。研究结果表明 :一年中 5次调查到的蚯蚓属于同一个目——后孔寡毛目 ,3科、6属、7种 ;在 7种蚯蚓中 ,天锡杜拉蚓Drawida gisti是该地区较低肥力土壤中的蚯蚓优势种。蚯蚓种群数量的季节变化趋势为 8月 >9月 >4月 >5月 >11月。在低肥力土壤上 ,单独施用化肥与对照相比可以增加蚯蚓的数量 ,施用化肥对蚯蚓的影响程度依赖于有机物的投入情况 ,没有有机物投入或只有麦秸还田条件下 ,施用化肥会对土壤中蚯蚓的种群数量产生负面影响 ,随着时间的延长 ,这种影响表现得比较明显。在同时用玉米秸和麦秸还田的情况下 ,施用化肥对蚯蚓的种群数量影响较小。有机肥的施入可以增加蚯蚓的种群数量 ,随着时间的延长这种趋势愈为明显。在几种秸秆还田的投入方式中 ,蚯蚓种群数量的大小次序为双倍麦还 >玉米麦秸全还 >麦还。因此在施用化肥的时候应当同时进行有机物投入 ,以保持土壤中良好的生物状况 ,这也是土壤培肥的重要环节。