不同发展模式对城市生态系统调节服务价值的影响

快速城市化加快了城市生态系统格局的改变,导致生态系统服务价值下降,对城市可持续发展造成阻碍。为了探究何种城市发展模式能够创造更高的生态系统服务价值,以深圳为案例,利用2010年、2015年和2020年生态系统类型数据,设置经济、惯性和生态3种不同的发展模式,并使用CA-Markov模型对2025年深圳市各类生态系统变化进行预测。在此基础上创新性地核算了不同模式下的关键生态系统服务价值。结果显示：（1）2015年到2020年,各类生态系统呈现不同变化趋势,人类聚落生态系统快速增长,对各类自然生态系统造成侵占,城区绿地呈现自然减少人工增加趋势。（2）2025年3种发展模式对生态系统类型变化影响显著,惯性发展模式下人类聚落、城区绿地出现扩张,经济发展模式下进一步增长,自然生态系统面积显著减少,生态发展模式下自然生态系统面积得到恢复。（3）3种模式下的生态系统服务价值变化差异显著,惯性和经济发展模式下,生态系统服务价值显著下降,分别较2020年下降2.67%和5.25%。生态发展模式下,生态系统服务价值提高,较经济发展模式提升5.5%,3种模式生态系统调节服务总价值差最高达到38.1亿元。综合来看,未来的发展模式应当选择以生态保护为优先的发展模式,通过制定有效的生态空间保护措施如生态保护红线划定、城市潜在开发区调整,实施生态工程等提高城市生态空间面积和质量,维持和提高生态系统服务价值,实现经济发展与生态保护的协调并行。     

城市生态保护红线划定与管理——以澳门特别行政区为例

我国澳门特别行政区是世界上人口密度最高的地区之一,人地关系紧张。随着城市和经济的发展,人类空间与生态空间失调,城市生态和人居环境问题不断加剧。在建设美丽湾区、美丽澳门和人们对美好人居环境需求的背景下,通过划定城市生态保护红线以控制和维持现有重要功能生态空间,保护和改善高敏感生态空间,维护区域生态安全显得尤为重要。基于对澳门陆域生态系统调查,结合城市和自然资源特征,从生态系统服务功能、生态系统敏感性、生物多样性分布以及现有生态保护区四个方面构建了城市生态保护红线划定方法框架,选取并评估水源涵养、雨洪调节、热岛调节、土壤保持、海岸带防护五类调节服务和生态系统服务中的休闲游憩的空间格局,水土流失敏感性和海岸带风暴潮敏感性两种生态敏感性的分布,并综合澳门具有保育价值生物的栖息地分布和现有保护区范围进行了城市生态保护红线的划定。研究结果显示,澳门城市生态保护红线区域总面积6.71km²,占研究区面积的19.79%,覆盖了44%的生态空间、12.4%的海岸线、所有的重要物种栖息地及三分之一的古树名木。依照此生态保护红线研究进一步提出针对各类红线地块的保护和管理措施。研究提出的城市生态保护红线划定思路,可以为其他城市的重要生态空间保护、修复与管理提供参考。     

侧柏幼树不同生长阶段对水分的敏感性与蒸腾效率

通过旱棚人工控水,对不同生长阶段谐变供水条件下,供水量与供水方式对侧柏幼树蒸腾耗水、水分利用效率的影响、幼树不同生长阶段对水分的敏感性等问题进行了研究。结果表明,幼树总耗水量随年均土壤供水能力和幼树各生长阶段供水模式的不同而变化。在平均有效水供给能力较低或单一阶段土壤相对含水率不超过87.84 %时,幼树蒸腾耗水量随中后期——生长盛期和生长后期供水量的增加而增大;相反,在平均有效水供给能力较高或单一阶段土壤相对含水率超过87.84 %时,幼树蒸腾耗水量则随着中前期——生长前期和生长盛期供水量的增加而增大。在年均土壤供水能力基本相同时,不同生长阶段供水量的分配对侧柏幼树蒸腾耗水有较大影响。综合分析表明,生长盛期供水对蒸腾耗水的贡献最大,生长后期次之,生长前期最小。侧柏幼树不同生长阶段对水分的敏感性,以生长盛期和生长前期最大,生长后期较低。但生长后期适度减少水分供应,具有一定的促长作用。使侧柏幼树达到最佳水分利用效率的土壤供水水平为:生长前期土壤相对含水率75 .96 % ,生长盛期73.76 % ,生长后期6 9.5 2 %。并建立了侧柏幼树的时间水分生产函数     

Reactivation of tumour suppressor in breast cancer by enhancer switching through NamiRNA network

Dysfunction of Tumour Suppressor Genes (TSGs) is a common feature in carcinogenesis. Epigenetic abnormalities including DNA hypermethylation or aberrant histone modifications in promoter regions have been described for interpreting TSG inactivation. However, in many instances, how TSGs are silenced in tumours are largely unknown. Given that miRNA with low expression in tumours is another recognized signature, we hypothesize that low expression of miRNA may reduce the activity of TSG related enhancers and further lead to inactivation of TSG during cancer development. Here, we reported that low expression of miRNA in cancer as a recognized signature leads to loss of function of TSGs in breast cancer. In 157 paired breast cancer and adjacent normal samples, tumour suppressor gene GPER1 and miR-339 are both downregulated in Luminal A/B and Triple Negative Breast Cancer subtypes. Mechanistic investigations revealed that miR-339 upregulates GPER1 expression in breast cancer cells by switching on the GPER1 enhancer, which can be blocked by enhancer deletion through the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Collectively, our findings reveal novel mechanistic insights into TSG dysfunction in cancer development, and provide evidence that reactivation of TSG by enhancer switching may be a promising alternative strategy for clinical breast cancer treatment.     

Database mining of plant peptide homologues

In plant-pathogen interactions, pathogens employ secreted molecules, known as effectors to overcome physical barriers, modulate plant immunity, and facilitate colonization. Among these diverse effectors, some are found to mimic the plant peptides, to target host’s peptide receptors, and intervene in the peptide-regulated defense pathways and/or plant development. To better understand how pathogens have co-evolved with their plant hosts in order to improve disease management, we explored the presence of plant peptide mimics in microbes by bioinformatic analysis. In total, 36 novel peptide mimics belong to five plant peptide families were detected in bacterial and fungal kingdoms. Among them, phytosulfokine homologues were widely distributed in 22 phytopathogens and one bacterium, thereby constituted the largest proportion of the identified mimics. The putative functional peptide region is well conserved between plant and microbes, while the existence of a putative signal peptide varies between species. Our findings will increase understanding of plant-pathogen interactions, and provide new ideas for future studies of pathogenic mechanisms and disease management.     

降雨因素对生态系统生产总值核算结果的影响

目前生态系统生产总值(GEP)核算工作已在全国多地开展,并在不少地方已将其纳入政绩考核指标,但GEP核算中相关生态系统服务多基于实际降雨数据和多年平均降雨数据,导致在进行年际间GEP变化分析时,结果难以反应实际的生态系统质量和数量的变化,从而影响GEP管理应用的效果。本文以深圳为研究案例,提出了更能代表本地降雨一般化特征的可比降雨条件,以及基于主成分分析的确定方法,并且在可比降雨条件和实际降雨条件下核算了可比降雨年和临近年共3种情景下的生态系统生产总值(GEP),分析了不同情景下的GEP构成以及降雨因素对年际间GEP变化的影响能力。研究发现：(1)2019年为深圳可比降雨年,且符合2008—2020年间各年《深圳市气候公报》对降雨情况的阐述;(2)可比降雨条件下,与降雨相关的4项生态系统服务价值(减少泥沙淤积、减少面源污染、涵养水源、削减洪涝)呈年际间增长趋势,实际降雨条件下,减少泥沙淤积、减少面源污染价值增长,涵养水源、削减洪涝价值下降;(3)降雨因素显著影响GEP年际变化,不同降雨条件下,深圳2019—2020年GEP变化差异高达24.78亿元,而可比降雨条件可以有效减少非人为因素...     

贵州喀斯特石漠化类型及程度评价

由于碳酸盐岩岩性的不同,发育的喀斯特在生态环境因子的组合和质量上有较大的差异,形成了不同的石漠化类型。在大量典型样地调查的基础上,以岩性、小生境种数、小生境组合、裸露石面面积、石砾含量和土壤总量6个因子为指标,通过聚类分析和主成分分析相结合的方法,将喀斯特石漠化分为2大类型,即显性石漠化和隐性石漠化,分析比较了它们的主要特征。同时,分别石漠化类型选择了程度评价指标,用坐标综合评定法和欧氏距离公式建立了石漠化数量评价模型,即石漠化程度指数模型,用石漠化程度指数对样地的石漠化现状进行了评价,将6 4个样地划分为未石漠化,轻度、中度、强度和极强度5个等级。     

基于Tail-PCR分析AN2基因上游启动子活性

黑果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum)富含花青素,AN2基因是调控黑果枸杞花青素合成代谢的主效基因。为解析AN2基因启动子的活性差异,采用Tail-PCR方法分别克隆了黑果枸杞和红果枸杞(L. barbarum) AN2基因起始密码子上游约1 686 bp (LrAN2p)和1 495 bp (LbAN2p)的序列。Plant CARE预测表明,LbAN2p和LrAN2p中分别有133和137个的顺式作用元件, 其中,参与光调控的顺式元件分别有11和15个;参与激素响应相关的顺式元件分别有13和16个。构建AN2启动子植物表达载体pKGWFS7:LbAN2p和pKGWFS7:LrAN2p,利用农杆菌介导的烟草遗传转化体系获得转基因烟草。GUS染色结果表明,LrAN2p能够驱动GUS在烟草中的表达,叶片呈现蓝色,具有较LbAN2p更强的启动活性,qRT-PCR结果表明,LrAN2p转基因烟草中GUS基因具有更高的转录水平,这可能会使AN2基因在黑果枸杞中具有更高的表达,激活黑果枸杞花青素合成代谢通路。这为解析枸杞果色形成及AN2基因的表达调控机制奠定了理论基础。     

In silico identification and expression analysis of 12 novel CC chemokines in catfish

Chemokines, a superfamily of chemotactic cytokines involved in recruitment, activation, and adhesion of a variety of leukocyte types to inflammatory foci, are a crucial component of the immune system of Sarcopterygiian vertebrates. Although all mammalian chemokines are believed to have been found, the status of these molecules in Actinopterygii was unknown until recently. The identification of chemokines in fish species has been complicated by low sequence conservation and confusion over expected numbers. Earlier discoveries of single fish chemokines coupled with rapidly expanding genetic resources in these species have recently provided a foundation for large-scale in silico discoveries of these important immune regulators. We report here the identification and expression analysis of 12 new CC chemokine sequences from catfish. When added to our previous report of 14 catfish CC chemokines, the number of CC chemokines in catfish now stands at 26, two more than known from humans. Establishing orthologous relationships among the majority of catfish CC chemokines, a newly available set of chicken CC chemokines, and their mammalian counterparts remain difficult, suggesting high levels of duplication and divergence within individual species.