NaCl胁迫对高粱根、叶鞘和叶片液泡膜ATP酶和焦磷酸酶活性的影响

NaCl胁迫初期 ,Na 主要在根和叶鞘中积累。相应地 ,根和叶鞘液泡膜ATP酶和焦磷酸酶水解活性、依赖ATP和PPi的质子泵活性及Na /H 逆向转运活性均明显增加 ,根和叶鞘的生长没有受到抑制。NaCl胁迫后期 ,Na 开始向地上部分运输并在叶片中积累。此时 ,叶片液泡膜质子泵和Na /H 逆向转运活性开始增加 ,根和叶鞘的Na/K比增加 ,其液泡膜ATP酶和焦磷酸酶水解活性、质子泵活性和Na /H 逆向转运活性下降。相应地 ,根和叶鞘的生长也下降。当保温介质中Na/K比超过 1时 ,液泡膜微囊ATP酶和焦磷酸酶活性均随Na/K比的增加而下降。表明非盐生植物液泡膜质子泵在盐胁迫的初期对Na 在液泡内的积累及其耐盐性起重要作用     

猪生殖—呼吸道综合征病毒（PRRSV）CH—1a株糖蛋白基因的遗传变异分析

新近发现的猪生殖－呼吸道综合征病毒（ＰＲＲＳＶ）是单股ＲＮＡ病毒,属于不久前成立的动脉炎病毒科,为了比较国内分离的ＣＨ－１ａ株与国外毒株的分子遗传学关系,扩增并克隆了ＰＲＲＳＶ ＣＨ－１ａ株糖蛋白基因ＯＲＦ２￣５,测定了其核苷酸序列。用序列分析软件分析了其编码产物的分子量、等电点、疏水性、抗原性和有关位点,并与国外毒株进行了序列比较和系统发育进化分析。结果表明：ＣＨ－１ａ株与ＶＲ－２３３２株尽管密     

BIIB021, a novel Hsp90 inhibitor,sensitizes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to radiation

BIIB021 is a novel, orally available inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) that is currently in phase I/II clinical trials. BIIB021 induces the apoptosis of various types of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of BIIB021 on the radiosensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The results indicated that BIIB021 exhibited strong antitumor activity in ESCC cell lines, either as a single agent or in combination with radiation. BIIB021 significantly downregulated radioresistant proteins including EGFR, Akt, Raf-1 of ESCC cell lines, increased apoptotic cells and enhanced G₂ arrest that is more radiosensitive cell cycle phase. These results suggest that this synthetic Hsp90 inhibitor simultaneously affects multiple pathways involved in tumor development and progression in the ESCC setting and may represent a better strategy for the treatment of ESCC patients, either as a monotherapy or a radiosensitizer.     

Pannexin membrane channels are mechanosensitive conduits for ATP

Intercellular calcium wave propagation initiated by mechanical stress is a phenomenon found in nearly all cell types. The waves utilize two pathways: transfer of InsP3 directly from cell to cell through gap junction channels and release of ATP onto extracellular purinergic receptors. The conduit for ATP has remained elusive and both a vesicular and a channel mediated release have been considered. Here, we describe the properties of single pannexin 1 channels. They have a wide expression spectrum, they are of large conductance and permeant for ATP, and they are mechanosensitive. Hence, pannexins are candidates for the release of ATP to the extracellular space upon mechanical stress.     

A microfluidic cell array with individually addressable culture chambers

Microfluidic arrays of living cells have raised a lot of interests recently due to their potential for high throughput screening of cell-based assays. This report presents a microfluidic cell array with individually addressable chambers controlled by pneumatic valves for cell culture and treatment. There are two modes for the cell array to be operated. In the first mode, different groups of cells are directed into designated chambers for culturing and observation. We demonstrate the delivery and culture of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expressing and nonfluorescent Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells into specific chambers in the array. In the second mode, the chambers are first seeded with the same cell type and different reagents are delivered to specific chambers for cell treatment. We treat cells in designated chambers with Calcein AM and CellTrace calcein red-orange AM to demonstrate the principle. We envision that this microfluidic cell array technology will pave the way to automated high-throughput screening of biomolecules and drugs based on observing cellular phenotypes and responses.     

E3 Ubiquitin Ligase c-cbl Inhibits Microglia Activation After Chronic Constriction Injury

E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Caritas B cell lymphoma (c-cbl) is associated with negative regulation of receptor tyrosine kinases, signal transduction of antigens and cytokine receptors, and immune response. However, the expression and function of c-cbl in the regulation of neuropathic pain after chronic constriction injury (CCI) are unknown. In rat CCI model, c-cbl inhibited the activation of spinal cord microglia and the release of pro-inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), which alleviated mechanical and heat pain through down-regulating extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Additionally, exogenous TNF-α inhibited c-cbl protein level vice versa. In the primary microglia transfected with c-cbl siRNA, when treated with TNF-α or TNF-α inhibitor, the corresponding secretion of IL-1β and IL-6 did not change. In summary, CCI down-regulated c-cbl expression and induced the activation of microglia, then activated microglia released inflammatory factors via ERK signaling to cause pain. Our data might supply a novel molecular target for the therapy of CCI-induced neuropathic pain.     

Phylogenetic analysis and antifouling potentials of culturable fungi in mangrove sediments from Techeng Isle,China

To search for more microbial resources for screening environment-friendly antifoulants, we investigated the phylogenetic diversity and antifouling potentials of culturable fungi in mangrove sediments from Techeng Isle, China. A total of 176 isolates belonging to 57 fungal taxa were recovered and identified. The high levels of diversity and abundance of mangrove fungi from Techeng Isle were in accordance with previous studies on fungi from other mangrove ecosystems. Fifteen of the 176 isolates demonstrated high divergence (87–93%) from the known fungal taxa in GenBank. Moreover, 26 isolates recorded in mangrove ecosystems for the first time. These results suggested that mangrove sediments from Techeng Isle harbored some new fungal communities compared with other mangrove ecosystems. The antifouling activity of 57 representative isolates (belonging to 57 different fungal taxa) was tested against three marine bacteria (Loktanella hongkongensis, Micrococcus luteus and Pseudoalteromonas piscida) and two marine macrofoulers (bryozoan Bugula neritina and barnacle Balanus amphitrite). Approximately 40% of the tested isolates displayed distinct antifouling activity. Furthermore, 17 fungal isolates were found to display strong or a wide spectrum of antifouling activity in this study, suggesting that these isolates deserve further study as potential sources of novel antifouling metabolites. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the investigation of the phylogenetic diversity and antifouling potential of culturable fungi in mangrove sediments from Techeng Isle, China. These results contribute to our knowledge of mangrove fungi and further increases the pool of fungi available for natural bioactive product screening.     

亚高山次生桦木林地表苔藓组成与多样性

桦木林(Betula spp.)是我国原始冷杉林(Abies spp.)皆伐后自然恢复形成的主要次生林之一,为揭示其发育过程中地表苔藓组成与多样性差异,评估其自然恢复状况,我们选择了四川省金川县507林场地形条件基本一致的3个桦木林地以及1个原始岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)林地,调查了地表苔藓层结构和物种组成.结果显示:(1)桦木林的地表苔藓植物盖度低于原始林,不同年龄的桦木林之间其盖度没有差异(P>0.05),但优势种的组成差异及物种替代明显;(2)桦木林地表苔藓物种丰富度较原始林高,不同年龄相比,9年生和22年生较42年生桦木林地表苔藓种类丰富;(3)未郁闭桦木林(9年生)与郁闭林(22年生和42年生)间的地表苔藓物种组成相似程度(相似性系数为0.24-0.29)低于它与原始林间的相似程度(0.51);22年生和42年生桦木林间地表苔藓物种组成相似程度(相似性系数为0.50)高于它们与原始林间的相似性程度(0.13-0.24),在自然恢复过程中,桦木林与原始林下地表苔藓共有种数量逐渐减少,相似程度降低.原始林下35种地表苔藓植物中只有25种存在于迹地桦木林地.上述分析表明:迹地上自然恢复9-42年的桦木林下地表苔藓多样性虽然较云杉人工林高,但仅保存约70%的原始林下种类,而约有29%的敏感苔藓种类无法通过次生林自然恢复过程得以保育或恢复.     

濒危珍稀植物半枫荷的转录组分析

为加强中国特有濒危植物半枫荷资源的保护与利用工作,采用高通量测序平台Illumina HiSeq 2500对其进行转录组测序,将得到的数据过滤后进行de novo组装并聚类去冗余,获得77 629个Unigenes,通过九大功能数据库比对、分析、注释,最终有45 293个Unigenes获得注释信息;其中在KOG按功能分为25个子类,获得25 253个功能注释信息;GO功能注释可分为细胞组分、生物学过程、分子功能3大类、分别可细分为22、26、17亚类（共65个亚类）;与KEGG数据库对比,共发现286条代谢通路,其中发现可能与半枫荷药用活性成分相关的次生代谢产物生物合成的177条途径;根据组装结果预测出88个基因家族共1 547个编码转录因子的Unigenes,发现控制药效合成的转录因子家族。另外,根据注释结果检测到12 579个SNP多态位点和预测出57 671个CDS位点。本研究首次对半枫荷转录组进行分析,为深入开展半枫荷分子生物学研究提供基础数据来源。