低空急流对中国褐飞虱重大北迁过程的影响

低空急流是褐飞虱远距离迁飞的理想空中通道之一,为了揭示低空急流对褐飞虱北迁的动力作用机制,在全面分析2007年中国褐飞虱虫情资料的基础上,筛选出典型个例,结合相应的气象背景资料,对低空急流在褐飞虱北迁中的动力影响进行了系统的研究.研究表明:(1)低空急流作为一种大尺度天气系统,对2007年中国褐飞虱的重大北迁产生了重要的影响,这种影响体现在对虫源输送和降虫上;(2)低空急流的时空分布和强度变化对褐飞虱降虫时段、降虫范围、降虫量多少和主降虫区位置的选择有重要的影响;(3)逆推轨迹计算的结果显示:迁入主降区的褐飞虱是由低空急流输送的,这与其动力作用相吻合;(4)低空急流中的下沉气流对降虫区分布有着决定性的影响.     

海洋真菌Aspergillus sp.SCSGAF 0076与细菌Bacillus sp.MNMCCE001共培养次生代谢产物

【目的】阐明海洋真菌Aspergillus sp.SCSGAF 0076与细菌Bacillus sp.MNMCCE 001在平板上共培养时产生的主要抗菌物质和红色素的化学结构。【方法】在固体淀粉培养基上分别进行Aspergillus sp.SCSGAF 0076纯培养、以及SCSGAF 0076和Bacillus sp.MNMCCE 001共培养,培养3 d后分别对纯培养和共培养的培养基进行萃取浓缩得到浸膏,运用高效液相色谱分析比较纯培养和共培养所得浸膏的化学分成的差异,并采用抗菌活性追踪法,结合硅胶柱层析、凝胶柱层析和高效液相色谱等分离方法从共培养浸膏中分离纯化抗菌物质和红色素,运用波谱解析法鉴定化合物的结构。【结果】通过高效液相色谱分析发现,共培养与纯培养的主要次生代谢产物没明显差异,但抗菌物质和红色素的含量差别明显。从这两株菌共培养的发酵产物中分离鉴定了4个化合物,包括抗菌物质青霉酸(1)、青霉酸类似物5(6)-dihydropenicillic acid(2)和9-chloro-8-hydroxy-8,9-deoxyasperlactone(3)、以及红色素viopurpurin(4)。【结论】初步阐明了Aspergillus sp.SCSGAF 0076与Bacillus sp.MNMCCE 001共培养时由Aspergillus sp.SCSGAF 0076产生的主要抗菌活性化合物是青霉酸,伴随明显增多的主要红色素是viopurpurin,二者产率均比Aspergillus sp.SCSGAF 0076纯培养时高。     

高原鼢鼠肌肉脂溶性物质的抗缺氧效果与化学成分

为了确定高在鼢鼠（Myospalax baileyi)体内抗缺氧水成分,通过超临界萃取（SCEF）方法从高原鼢鼠肌肉提取脂溶性部分,我们对其成分通过气相色谱－质谱（GC－MS）联用分析。为了证实高原鼢鼠肌肉脂溶性成分的抗缺氧效果,探讨其抗缺氧机制,我们以小鼠为实验动物,分为5个组,即高剂量实验组（HEG）,中剂量实验组（MEG）,低剂量实验组（LEG）,阳性药物对照组（PEG）,空白对照组（CEG）,分别以浓度为20％萃取物,10％萃取物,5％萃取物,10％的红景天和蒸馏水连续饲喂10天,然后进行小鼠常压抗缺氧实验,测定小鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）,谷光甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH－PX）,乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性及血清丙二(MAD)含量。结果发现,高原鼢鼠肌肉脂溶性物质提取率为11．5％,共确定了17种成分,主要成分是n-十六烷酸（32．293％）,n-十廿烷酸（1．109％）,n-十八烷酸（6．03％）,二－羟基－环十五酮（1．198％）,顺十六烯酸（6．13％）,反十八烯酸（27．3％）,和亚油酸（81．4％）,小鼠抗缺氧实验和生化指标测试结果表明,高原鼢鼠肌从脂溶性成分在20％,10％,5％时,与空白对照组相比,都不同程度地延长小鼠在缺氧条件下的存活时间,提高小鼠血清SOD和GSH－PX活性,降低血清LDH活性,减少血清MDA含量。     

体外大量制备新型gp96肿瘤疫苗及其诱导的特异性抗肿瘤免疫应答分析

旨在体外组装酵母菌表达的gp96 (Recombinant gp96,rgp96) 蛋白与B16.F10黑色素瘤抗原,大量制备新型gp96肿瘤疫苗,并研究其诱导的特异性抗肿瘤免疫应答。利用体外组装的rgp96-肿瘤抗原复合物免疫C57BL/6小鼠,并通过酶联免疫斑点实验、细胞因子染色、杀伤实验技术进行分析,结果显示与单纯rgp96或肿瘤抗原免疫组相比,体外组装的rgp96-肿瘤抗原复合物免疫能够显著抑制B16肿瘤的生长,而且能够明显提高肿瘤特异性T细胞活性。rgp96-肿瘤抗原复合物的抗肿瘤免疫活性与从肿瘤组织中提取的gp96接近。研究结果为大量制备新型gp96肿瘤疫苗提供了依据。     

吸血诱导的埃及伊蚊海口株后期胰蛋白酶基因测序及与美国株同源性比较

应用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）技术从吸血后24 h埃及伊蚊海口株总RNA中扩增出了后期胰蛋白酶编码区cDNA序列。采用自动DNA分析仪进行序列分析,并与已知埃及伊蚊美国株后期胰蛋白酶基因及推导的氨基酸序列进行了同源性比较。结果表明：埃及伊蚊海口株后期胰蛋白酶基因序列与美国株同源性达98%,有11个碱基发生变异;氨基酸同源性达99%,仅有3个氨基酸发生变异,但与催化位点密切相关的氨基酸及N末端氨基酸序列完全一致。以上结果显示,埃及伊蚊胰蛋白酶不同地理株间存在微小的差异。     

Biological removal of inhibitors leads to the improved lipid production in the lipid fermentation of corn stover hydrolysate by Trichosporon cutaneum

Corn stover (CS) hydrolysate was used as the fermentation feedstock of Trichosporon cutaneum CX1 for production of microbial lipid as the potential raw material of biodiesel. Two major technical barriers of the lipid fermentation were investigated: one was the strong inhibition of lignocellulose degradation compounds generated in the CS pretreatment; the other was the low carbon-to-nitrogen molar ratio (C/N ratio) of the CS hydrolysate. The newly established biodetoxification method was applied to remove the inhibitors in the pretreated CS. The enhancement of the pretreatment severity and the biodetoxification intensity on the lipid fermentation was investigated. The results show that the biodetoxification not only efficiently removed the inhibitor substances, but also led to the reduction of nitrogen content and the increase of C/N ratio. The cell lipid content of T. cutaneum CX1 using the biodetoxified CS hydrolysate reached 23.5%, which was doubled than that using the non-detoxified value.     

Synthesis and evaluation of near-infrared fluorescent sulfonamide derivatives for imaging of hypoxia-induced carbonic anhydrase IX expression in tumors

A series of human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) IX inhibitors conjugated to various near-infrared fluorescent dyes was synthesized with the aim of imaging hypoxia-induced hCA IX expression in tumor cells in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. The resulting compounds were profiled for inhibition of transmembrane hCA IX showing a range of potencies from 7.5 to 116 nM and up to 50-fold selectivity over the cytosolic form hCA II. Some of the compounds also showed inhibition selectivity for other transmembrane forms hCA XII and XIV as well. Compounds incubated in vitro with HeLa cells cultured under normoxic and hypoxic conditions detected upregulation of hCA IX under hypoxia by fluorescence microscopy. A pilot in vivo study in HT-29 tumor bearing mice showed significant accumulation of a fluorescent acetazolamide derivative in tumor tissue with little accumulation in other tissues. Approximately 10% of injected dose was non-invasively quantified in tumors by fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT), demonstrating the promise of these new compounds for quantitative imaging of hCA IX upregulation in live animals.