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991.
992.
James S. Wakeley Michael P. Guilfoyle Terry J. Antrobus Richard A. Fischer Wylie C. BarrowJr. Paul B. Hamel 《Wetlands Ecology and Management》2007,15(5):417-439
We used an ordination approach to identify factors important to the organization of breeding bird communities in three floodplains:
Cache River, Arkansas (AR), Iatt Creek, Louisiana (LA), and the Coosawhatchie River, South Carolina (SC), USA. We used 5-min
point counts to sample birds in each study area each spring from 1995 to 1998, and measured ground-surface elevations and
a suite of other habitat variables to investigate bird distributions and community characteristics in relation to important
environmental gradients. In both AR and SC, the average number of Neotropical migrant species detected was lowest in semipermanently
flooded Nyssa aquatica Linnaeus habitats and greatest in the highest elevation floodplain zone. Melanerpes carolinus Linnaeus, Protonotaria citrea Boddaert, Quiscalus quiscula Linnaeus, and other species were more abundant in N. aquatica habitats, whereas Wilsonia citrina Boddaert, Oporornis formosus Wilson, Vireo griseus Boddaert, and others were more abundant in drier floodplain zones. In LA, there were no significant differences in community
metrics or bird species abundances among forest types. Canonical correspondence analyses revealed that structural development
of understory vegetation was the most important factor affecting bird distributions in all three study areas; however, potential
causes of these structural gradients differed. In AR and SC, differences in habitat structure were related to the hydrologic
gradient, as indexed by ground-surface elevation. In LA, structural variations were related mainly to the frequency of canopy
gaps. Thus, bird communities in all three areas appeared to be organized primarily in response to repeated localized disturbance.
Our results suggest that regular disturbance due to flooding plays an important role in structuring breeding bird communities
in floodplains subject to prolonged inundation, whereas other agents of disturbance (e.g., canopy gaps) may be more important
in headwater systems subject to only short-duration flooding. Management for avian community integrity in these systems should
strive to maintain forest zonation and natural disturbance regimes. 相似文献
993.
994.
The physiological status and metabolic heterogeneity of Bacillus cereus cells within a culture during an 8-h batch fermentation process was measured using flow cytometry (FCM). Concurrently, production
of the toxin, PC-PLC, and the extent of cell adhesion of live and dead cells were monitored using novel fluorescent assays.
Flow cytometry analysis detected growth phase-related changes in the physiological profiles of cells over the course of the
fermentation, with variation in the percentage of cells displaying membrane damage and intracellular esterase and redox activities.
As the exponential phase proceeded, populations became more uniform in terms of protein content as measured using FCM in tandem
with a cell tracking dye, with the majority of cells becoming membrane intact, esterase positive and redox active. PC-PLC
activity appeared strongly related to cell density. Permeabilisation of cells was accompanied by a loss in adherent properties,
while 25–100% of cells with intracellular esterase activity possessed adhesion properties. Cells in late exponential phase
appeared to have reduced adherence properties compared to cells in early exponential or lag phase. As well as demonstrating
the utility of FCM for measuring heterogeneity in terms of cell physiological status throughout the course of batch cultures,
the methods utilised in this study could be used to relate processes such as toxin production or cell adhesion to cell physiological
state. 相似文献
995.
996.
The distribution of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors marked with colloidal gold-conjugated low density lipoproteins has been mapped on the surfaces of cultured human skin fibroblasts and bovine aortic endothelial cells viewed whole in the transmission electron microscope. A dispersed or scattered population of LDL receptors, in addition to and clearly distinct from clustered receptors was detected on the surfaces of both fibroblasts and dividing endothelial cells. No LDL receptors could be detected on contact-inhibited endothelial cells. Clustered receptors imaged in whole-mount preparations were often arranged in rings with an approximate diameter of 250 nm. In ultra-thin sections of marked cells, clustered receptors were localised in coated pits while the few dispersed receptors seen were restricted to non-coated membrane regions. Clustered receptors often appeared localised on the rims of coated pits whose central areas were not marked. The dispersed population of receptors was usually distributed diffusely amongst the clusters on dividing endothelial cells and normal fibroblasts. Only the dispersed population appeared on LDL receptor internalisation-defective mutant fibroblasts. The marginal zones of both fibroblasts and dividing endothelial cells were populated by dispersed receptors. Clusters appeared further "inland" and were rarely seen near the cell margins. These results indicate that LDL receptors on dividing endothelial cells and fibroblasts may be dispersed on the cell surface upon or soon after their insertion during recycling. 相似文献
997.
As it walks, the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) spins a trail of silk threads, that is followed by the predatory mite, Neoseiulus womersleyi Schicha (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Starved adult female N. womersleyi followed T. urticae trails laid down by five T. urticae females but did not follow a trail of one T. urticae female, suggesting that the amount of spun threads and their chemical components should correlate positively with the number
of T. urticae individuals. To examine whether chemical components of T. urticae trails are responsible for the predatory mite’s trail following, we collected separate T. urticae threads from the exuviae and eggs, and then washed the threads with methanol to separate chemical components from physical
attributes of the threads. Female N. womersleyi did not follow T. urticae trails that had been washed with methanol but contained physical residues, but they did follow the direction to which the
methanol extracts of the T. urticae trails was applied. These results suggest that the predatory mite follows chemical, not physical, attributes of T. urticae trails. 相似文献
998.
Rodrigo Moreno Örjan Smedby Dieter H. Pahr 《Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology》2016,15(4):831-844
The apparent stiffness tensor is an important mechanical parameter for characterizing trabecular bone. Previous studies have modeled this parameter as a function of mechanical properties of the tissue, bone density, and a second-order fabric tensor, which encodes both anisotropy and orientation of trabecular bone. Although these models yield strong correlations between observed and predicted stiffness tensors, there is still space for reducing accuracy errors. In this paper, we propose a model that uses fourth-order instead of second-order fabric tensors. First, the totally symmetric part of the stiffness tensor is assumed proportional to the fourth-order fabric tensor in the logarithmic scale. Second, the asymmetric part of the stiffness tensor is derived from relationships among components of the harmonic tensor decomposition of the stiffness tensor. The mean intercept length (MIL), generalized MIL (GMIL), and fourth-order global structure tensor were computed from images acquired through microcomputed tomography of 264 specimens of the femur. The predicted tensors were compared to the stiffness tensors computed by using the micro-finite element method (\(\upmu \)FE), which was considered as the gold standard, yielding strong correlations (\(R^2\) above 0.962). The GMIL tensor yielded the best results among the tested fabric tensors. The Frobenius error, geodesic error, and the error of the norm were reduced by applying the proposed model by 3.75, 0.07, and 3.16 %, respectively, compared to the model by Zysset and Curnier (Mech Mater 21(4):243–250, 1995) with the second-order MIL tensor. From the results, fourth-order fabric tensors are a good alternative to the more expensive \(\upmu \)FE stiffness predictions. 相似文献
999.
Mohammad Isfaqul Hussain S. A. Wani K. Nagamani I. Fayaz M. A. Mir A. Nabi K. Qureshi M. A. Khan Y. Nishikawa 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2010,26(10):1883-1889
Seven hundred and thirty-five diarrhoeic faecal samples from children were investigated for presence of enteroaggregative
E. coli (EAEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC) and Salmonella spp. by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bacterial culture. Out of 675 samples from Kashmir, 55 isolates were obtained,
which carried at least one virulence gene studied. Out of the 55 isolates, 36 (65.45%) were EAEC, 18 (32.72%) were ETEC while
only one isolate (1.81%) was DAEC. All the EAEC isolates were found to be typical as they possessed aggR gene. Six (16.66%) EAEC isolates carried the astA gene. Out of the 18 ETEC isolates, 13 carried the elt gene alone, four possessed both the elt and est genes and the remaining one harboured the est gene alone. Five ETEC isolates also possessed astA gene. Nineteen EAEC isolates belonged to 10 different serogroups. Serogroup O153 was most frequent. The ETEC isolates also
belonged to 10 different serogroups of which O159 was most predominant. Out of 224 E. coli isolates from 60 samples of Secunderabad, 27 isolates carried at least one virulence gene. Out of 27 isolates 22 (81.48%)
were typical EAEC, three (11.11%) were ETEC and two (7.4%) were DAEC. Fifteen EAEC isolates belonged to seven different serogroups
with O86 as most frequent. Four EAEC isolates also possessed the astA gene. All the three ETEC isolates harboured elt gene only and belonged to three different serogroups. Two isolates of Salmonella Worthington were obtained from only two samples in Kashmir. 相似文献
1000.
Jianhui Wu Qingdong Zeng Qilin Wang Shengjie Liu Shizhou Yu Jingmei Mu Shuo Huang Hanan Sela Assaf Distelfeld Lili Huang Dejun Han Zhensheng Kang 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2018,131(7):1481-1496