Penetration rates of osmium tetroxide with different fixation vehicles

Summary The presence of any substance other than OsO₄ in osmium tetroxide fixation mixtures causes a decrease in the penetration rate of the fixative. Fixation times should therefore be prolonged whenever a fixation mixture containing osmotically active substances is used.With I Figure in the Text     

Effect of duration of exercise on excess postexercise O2 consumption

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of exercise duration on the time course and magnitude of excess postexercise O2 consumption (EPOC). Six healthy male subjects exercised on separate days for 80, 40, and 20 min at 70% of maximal O2 consumption on a cycle ergometer. A control experiment without exercise was performed. O2 uptake, respiratory exchange ratio (R), and rectal temperature were monitored while the subjects rested in bed 24 h postexercise. An increase in O2 uptake lasting 12 h was observed for all exercise durations, but no increase was seen after 24 h. The magnitude of 12-h EPOC was proportional to exercise duration and equaled 14.4 +/- 1.2, 6.8 +/- 1.7, and 5.1 +/- 1.2% after 80, 40, and 20 min of exercise, respectively. On the average, 12-h EPOC equaled 15.2 +/- 2.0% of total exercise O2 consumption (EOC). There was no difference in EPOC:EOC for different exercise durations. A linear decrease with exercise duration was observed in R between 2 and 24 h postexercise. No change was observed in recovery rectal temperature. It is concluded that EPOC increases linearly with exercise duration at a work intensity of 70% of maximal O2 consumption.     

不同温度、气体微环境对红托竹荪干品储藏品质的影响

本研究针对红托竹荪干品在储藏过程中易发生褐变、降低商品性问题,探究了不同储藏条件(温度、气体微环境)对红托竹荪干品储藏品质的影响。以红托竹荪干品为原材料,考察了在气体微环境(空气、N₂、CO₂和脱氧)和不同储藏温度(5、25和45 ℃)下红托竹荪干品储藏品质的动态变化。在60 d的储藏期内,所有样品的褐变指数、剪切力、多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶、总酚、还原糖和5-羟甲基糠醛含量均增加,游离氨基酸、白度值、复水比均降低。与25、45 ℃相比,以上指标在5 ℃条件下均表现最优,5 ℃储藏条件下呈味氨基酸和挥发性成分指标更接近于0 d;在不同气体微环境比较下,CO₂储藏环境下干品品质保持最好,通过综合评分得出5 ℃低温结合CO₂充气条件下干品品质最优,其次为N₂结合5 ℃低温。结合经济成本,5 ℃低温结合CO₂或N₂充气可以作为红托竹荪干品延长货架期的推荐储藏技术。     

用酵母双杂交系统筛选影响apo-AI和SR-BI相互作用的苦豆子活性成分

本文通过将苦豆子总提取物及其分离得到的10个组分加入含有AH109菌株(携带大鼠apo-AI及其受体SR-BI全基因)的培养基中,利用报告基因半乳糖苷酶活力有无变化来寻找能够促进大鼠载脂蛋白apo-AI及其受体SR-BI相互作用的激动剂.经测试,我们观察到苦豆子总提取物(K-1),在上述系统中能显著增强这两种蛋白的相互作用.继续用硅胶柱层析方法从k-1中分出10个组分后,利用酵母双杂交系统再次筛选,发现有五个组分能增强两种蛋白的相互作用,(与空白对照组相比其中有两个组分有极显著差异)另外三个组分显著地抑制上述两种蛋白的相互作用,剩下的两个组分则没有差异.该实验还提示该酵母双杂交系统可能成为一种跟踪具有调脂功能的先导化合物的有效方法.     

Proteasomal degradation of the multifunctional regulator YB-1 is mediated by an F-Box protein induced during programmed cell death

F-Box proteins (FBPs) are variable adaptor proteins that earmark protein substrates for ubiquination and destruction by the proteasome. Through their N-terminal F-box motif, they couple specific protein substrates to a catalytic machinery known as SCF (Skp-1/Cul1/F-Box) E3-ubiquitin ligase. Typical FBPs bind the specific substrates in a phosphorylation dependent manner via their C-termini using either leucine rich repeats (LRR) or tryptophan-aspartic acid (WD40) domains for substrate recognition. By using a gene trap strategy that selects for genes induced during programmed cell death, we have isolated the mouse homolog of the hypothetical human F-Box protein 33 (FBX33). Here we identify FBX33 as a component of an SCF E3-ubiquitin ligase that targets the multifunctional regulator Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1)/dbpB/p50 for polyubiquitination and destruction by the proteasome. By targeting YB-1 for proteasomal degradation, FBX33 negatively interferes with YB-1 mediated functions. In contrast to typical FBPs, FBX33 has no C-terminal LRR or WD40 domains and associates with YB-1 via its N-terminus. The present study confirms the existence of a formerly hypothetical F-Box protein in living cells and describes one of its substrates.     

雅鲁藏布江中游浮游植物群落优势种时空生态位

为探究雅鲁藏布江中游浮游植物群落分布格局及其优势种时空生态位特征,于2021年7月、10月对该水域进行浮游植物样品的采集和水体理化因子的测定,鉴定浮游植物物种,计算浮游植物优势种生态位宽度、生态位重叠值、生态响应速率及相对资源占有率,运用共现网络模型分析群落的种间关联性,并对浮游植物优势种与环境因子进行Pearson相关性分析。结果表明：该水域共鉴定到浮游植物644种,隶属于8门12纲25目49科152属,其中,优势种22种,优势种中硅藻占90.9%,在群落中占绝对优势;丰水期的肘状针杆藻丰度最大(74.193×10⁴细胞/L)且出现频率最高(0.867),是丰水期绝对优势种;整体上优势种生态位宽度时间(0.833)>空间(0.254),优势种时空生态位宽度主要受空间生态位宽度的影响,空间异质性是影响该水域浮游植物优势种分布的主要因素;优势种时空二维生态位无意义重叠的种对占40.69%,优势种时空二维的生态位重叠以中、低等级为主,优势种间对时空资源需求异质性高,种间潜在竞争关系较弱;该水域枯水期浮游植物群落的网络结构紧密,群落连通性、群落复杂度和物种间生态位...     

Hybridization between diploid Centaurea pseudophrygia and tetraploid C. jacea (Asteraceae): the role of mixed pollination,unreduced gametes,and mentor effects

We studied hybridization between the diploid Centaurea pseudophrygia and the tetraploid C. jacea by performing crossing experiments and screening natural populations using flow cytometry. The experiments confirm that the studied species exhibit strong reproductive isolation. Interspecific hybrids were formed at a low frequency, including triploids (originating from reduced gametes) and tetraploids (involving unreduced gametes of the diploids). In contrast, hybrids were almost absent among seeds and adult plants of natural mixed populations and among the offspring from experimental pollinations with a mixture of pollen of both ploidy levels. We found that mixed pollination is an important mechanism for preventing hybridization between plants of different ploidy levels and sustaining the reproduction of the tetraploids. A mentor effect (induced selfing in the presence of pollen of different ploidy levels) was observed in both diploids and tetraploids, reinforcing the reproductive isolation between cytotypes. Higher ploidy levels (pentaploid, hexaploid) involving unreduced gametes of the tetraploid species were identified. Notably, pentaploids were discovered for the first time in Centaurea sect. Jacea. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 104 , 93–106.