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31.
Tudor M. Baetu 《Biology & philosophy》2012,27(3):433-448
Emergent antireductionism in biological sciences states that even though all living cells and organisms are composed of molecules,
molecular wholes are characterized by emergent properties that can only be understood from the perspective of cellular and
organismal levels of composition. Thus, an emergence claim (molecular wholes are characterized by emergent properties) is
thought to support a form of antireductionism (properties of higher-level molecular wholes can only be understood by taking
into account concepts, theories and explanations dealing with higher-level entities). I argue that this argument is flawed:
even if molecular wholes are characterized by emergent properties and even if many successful explanations in biology are
not molecular, there is no entailment between the two claims. 相似文献
32.
Background
Microsatellites are nucleotide sequences of tandem repeats occurring throughout the genome, which have been widely used in genetic linkage analysis, studies of loss of heterozygosity, determination of lineage and clonality, and the measurement of genome instability or the emergence of drug resistance reflective of mismatch repair deficiency. Such analyses may involve the parallel evaluation of many microsatellite loci, which are often limited by sample DNA, are labor intensive, and require large data processing.Results
To overcome these challenges, we developed a cost-effective high-throughput approach of microsatellite analysis, in which the amplifications of microsatellites are performed in miniaturized, multiplexed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) adaptable to 96 or 384 well plates, and accurate automated allele identification has been optimized with a collective reference dataset of 5,508 alleles using the GeneMapper software.Conclusions
In this investigation, we have documented our experience with the optimization of multiplex PCR conditions and automated allele identification, and have generated a unique body of data that provide a starting point for a cost-effective, high-throughput process of microsatellite analysis using the studied markers.33.
34.
INTRODUCTIONAsearlyasin1948wehavefr8CtionatedisolatednucleifromnormalandtumorcellsbyextractionwithiMNaCIanddilutealkali[1].Thenuclearresiduewasthenstudiedmorethoroughly[2,3].Lateron,sillillarproteinousnuclearresidueswereisolatedbyotherworkers[46]andasstud… 相似文献
35.
Baetu TM 《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences》2012,43(1):191-201
While the Human Genome Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) concept of the gene can accommodate a wide variety of genomic sequences contributing to phenotypic outcomes, it fails to specify how sequences should be grouped when dealing with complex loci consisting of adjacent/overlapping sequences contributing to the same phenotype, distant sequences shown to contribute to the same gene product, and partially overlapping sequences identified by different techniques. The purpose of this paper is to review recently proposed concepts of the gene and critically assess how well they succeed in addressing the above problems while preserving the degree of generality achieved by the HGNC concept. I conclude that a dynamic interplay between mapping and syntax-based concepts is required in order to satisfy these desiderata. 相似文献
36.
Background
Inteins are self-splicing protein elements. They are translated as inserts within host proteins that excise themselves and ligate the flanking portions of the host protein (exteins) with a peptide bond. They are encoded as in-frame insertions within the genes for the host proteins. Inteins are found in all three domains of life and in viruses, but have a very sporadic distribution. Only a small number of intein coding sequences have been identified in eukaryotic nuclear genes, and all of these are from ascomycete or basidiomycete fungi. 相似文献37.
Eelke van der Horst Julio E Peironcely Adriaan P IJzerman Margot W Beukers Jonathan R Lane Herman WT van Vlijmen Michael TM Emmerich Yasushi Okuno Andreas Bender 《BMC bioinformatics》2010,11(1):316